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Biomedical subjects

M Pinget

Publications and source records attributed to M Pinget.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Biliary elimination of metampicillin. Experimental and clinical study (author's transl)].

Under the conditions of the isolated rabbit liver perfusion, metampicillin was found to be excreted at a high rate in the biliary tract : bile contains 46,5% of the administered dose. Hepatic uptake of metampicillin seems to be early and marked. In man, the biliary elimination of this antibiotic varies according to the route of administration. Only moderate biliary levels of metampicillin were obtained after oral administration ; on the contrary, extremly high biliary concentrations were found when antibiotic was injected intravenously. When parenteraly administered, metampicillin appears to be a particularly suitable penicillin for the treatment of biliary tract infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Carcinoid of the small intestines with right cardiac involvement. Clinical, phonomechanographical hemodynamic and anatomical study].

The authors report a case of carcinoid of the small intestine with liver metastases in whom the entire right side of the heart was affected, with severe tricuspid incompetence and pulmonary stenosis. The extent of the fibrosis, which affected all three layers of the heart on the right side has lead the authors to reconsider the various factors which cause the heart failure in carcinoid syndrome. This must now be included in the wider category of APUD. The severity of the tricuspid lesions compared with the derangement of the valvular and subvalvular structures makes an argument in favour of surgical correction.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1975

Determination of cefalexin pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustments in relation to renal function.

Following oral administration of a single 500-mg dose of cefalexin, serum and urine levels of the antibiotic were determined comparatively in ten normal subjects, ten patients with renal impairment, and ten patients with chronic nephritis on maintenance hemodialysis. In normal subjects, mean serum peak levels (12.0 +/- 0.8 mcg/ml) were observed 2 hours after drug administration. Absorption half-time (Ta1/2) averaged 0.82 hour and mean serum half-life (T 1/2) was 1.03 hours. Urinary recovery of cefalexin over a 6-hour period amounted to 64 per cent of the ingested dose. The renal clearance of the drug was 214 ml/min. In patients with renal impairment and in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, total elimination rate constant (Ke) was markedly lower (CrCl=0; Ke=Km=0.0766), whereas serum half-life (T 1/2) was significantly increased, reaching theoretically 8.47 hours in patinets with creatinine clearance of 0 ml/min. A correlation was established between Ke values and the creatinine clearances of the patients under study (Ke=0.0766 + 0.0060 CrCl). Initial loading doses, maintenance doses, and intervals adjusted to creatinine clearances were calculated from these data; accurate dosage schedules well adjusted to the renal status of each individual patient were derived from the calculated values.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Dosage adjustments of cefazolin according to the pharmacokinetics of this new cephalosporin.

Serum and urine levels of cefazolin were studied: 1. following a single 500mg intra-muscular dose of the drug in normal subjects (n = 10), in patients with renal impairment (n = 12) and in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (n = 10); 2. following a single 500 mg intra-venous dose of the drug in normal subjects (n = 10). In normal subjects, serum half-lives averaged 1.75 hour after intravenous injection (Ke = 0.395) and 2.22 hours after intra-muscular injection (Ke = 0.312); urinary recovery of cefazolin over a six hours period amounted to 61% after intra-venous injection and to 47.5% after intra-muscular injection. The renal clearance of the drug approximated 40 ml/mn. A linear correlation (Ke = 0.022 + 0.0028 CrCl) was established between the overall elimination rate-constants and the creatinine clearances in the subjects under investigation. The various pharmacokinetic constants thus obtained can be used to calculate the maintenance doses, loading doses and dosage intervals adjusted according to creatinine clearances. These data actually yield dosage regimes adapted to each individual case according to the degree of renal function.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1975

The biliary excretion of cefazolin.

The biliary excretion of cefazolin was studied by perfusion of isolated rabbit livers. Under these conditions, 6.7 percent of the amount of cefazolin added to the circulating blood was excreted in bile, and concentrations of drug in bile were significantly higher than concentrations in serum. Biliary excretion of cefazolin was also studied in humans after the intravenous administration of 500 mg of the drug. In 10 normal subjects, maximal concentrations of cefazolin (17.10 plus or minus 8.5 mug/ml) in the fluid obtained by duodenal tubing were attained 1-2 hr after administration of cefazolin. Concentrations were similar in bile collected by external drainage from five cholecystectomized patients (maximal levels, 14.0 plus or minus 4.7 mug/ml) 1-2 hr after injection. Assays during cholecystectomy showed that 1 hr after injection, cefazolin levels were much higher in common duct bile (31 plus or minus 11 mug/ml) than in gallbladder bile (5 plus or minus 2 mug/ml).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotaxis activation of peritoneal murine macrophages induced by the transplantation of free and encapsulated pancreatic rat islets.

The present study concerns the influence of the transplantation of free and encapsulated (AN69 membrane, Hospal) islets on the chemotaxis of peritoneal macrophages. Fifty free or encapsulated rat islets, cultured for 24 h, were transplanted in the peritoneal cavity of mice (n = 12). Three days after transplantation, the chemotaxis of peritoneal murine macrophages was tested towards formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and a culture medium conditioned for 3 days by free rat islets isolated from the same rat donor. In response to fMLP, the chemotactic indexes of macrophages from mice transplanted with free or encapsulated islets were 8.09 +/- 2.10 and 9.45 +/- 2.76, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained when macrophages from untreated mice were tested (2.42 +/- 0.23; p < 0.01). In response to culture medium conditioned by free islets, the transplanted encapsulated islets failed to enhance macrophage chemotaxis (2.41 +/- 0.53) compared to transplanted free islets (7.00 +/- 2.63; p < 0.01). Thus, encapsulation decreased the specific chemotactic activity of peritoneal macrophages induced by free islet transplantation, probably by prohibiting the diffusion of chemoattractants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study of semen in diabetic and healthy men.

This study examines the consequences of diabetes on male reproductive function. We have studied a group of 18 diabetics (15 type I, 3 type II) age 24 to 40 years (mean 34 +/- 5.3) with duration of diabetes from 2 to 30 years (mean 11.8 +/- 8.3). This group was compared to 20 semen donors. In diabetics higher sperm (p = 0.0063) and round cell (p = 0.031) concentrations/ml as well as a higher total spermatozoa count (p = 0.023) were observed. The percentage of abnormal sperms were also higher. None of the couples had consulted for sterility and they had a mean of 2 children. In this group of patients, diabetes was not a cause of subfertility. Specific spermiological alteration in diabetics might reflect a testicular damage secondary to their diabetes or disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance test during pregnancy (author's transl)].

The glucose tolerance has been studied in 140 non diabetic pregnant women by successively oral and intravenous glucose tolerance test, as described respectively by O'Sullivan and Conard. The results of both tests are grossly similiar, and are affected on the same way by the evolution of the pregnancy. The intravenous glucose tolerance test is the easiest and the most reproducible; however some extra diabetic factors can interfere and mainly this test is not sensitive enough to discriminate between the pathologic and borderline situations. For all these reasons the intravenous glucose tolerance test can be used as a screening test for diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The oral glucose tolerance test is necessary only when the K value is abnormal or subnormal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Idiopathic exudative gastroenteropathy with apparently spontaneous recovery : a case report (author's transl)].

The sudden occurrence of oedemas of inferior limbs in a 36 years old woman, has been ascribed to a severe hypoalbuminemia consecutive to an exudative gastroenteropathy of which etiology remained unknown. A successful and lasting evolution followed the correction of hypoalbuminemia by albumin perfusions in exclusion of any other therapy. Such observations though frequent in the childhood are exceptional at maturity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunologically agranulocytosis after ajmaline administration (author's transl)].

The reversible ajmaline induced agranulocytosis is considered as the result of an immunologically mediated destruction. Striking results of leukocyte agglutination test has been observed in the reported case. They suggest that the granulocytic factor involved in this reaction could be in some cases, differentiation membranous antigens. These ones, located on the granulocytic precursors would be detected only during the granulocytic regeneration period.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Simultaneous determination of blood insulin and plasma C-peptide levels. Value during assessment of glucose tolerance, especially in obese subjects (author's transl)].

Insulin secretion is assessed by simultaneous radioimmunological assay of insulin (R.I.I.) and C-peptide (R.I.C.P.) levels under basal conditions, and after stimulation by oral or intravenous glucose administration. Subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance demonstrate an increase in the ratios R.I.C.P. divided by glucose and R.I.C.P. divided by R.I.I. after fasting, increase in R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. occurring later and lasting longer after glucose loading. These anomalies are observed in both obese subjects and those with normal body weights. Simultaneous determination of R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. levels appears of value in a limited number of cases where glucose loading tests do not supply precise information on the quality of glucose tolerance. Obese subjects, in whom abnormal hyperglycemia levels provoked by oral glucose are observed, but in whom the peripheral glucose assimilation coefficient is normal, can be considered to be non-diabetic as shown by the levels of R.I.I. and R.I.C.P. and more particularly by the molar ratio R.I.C.P. divided by R.I.I.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A promising alternative for the treatment of type I diabetes. The implantable insulin pump].

Recent improvements in miniaturization of implantable pumps and the ability of their control by tele transmission allowed implantation of autonomous pumps which administer insulin into the peritoneal cavity. Fifty-six patients with diabetes mellitus underwent implantation of 66 pumps with a mean function life of 21.8 months per patient. No patient died to this day. Tolerance of implanted components was good. Morbidity was limited to local events, in this series 4 cutaneous erosions, two of them dictating final pump explantation. Dosages of mean global blood-sugar, pre- and post-prandial blood-sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin were all lower versus dosages before implantation. Statistically significant difference was demonstrated regarding mean global blood-sugar. Frequency of sever hypoglycemia incidents (4 in our series) and of biological hypoglycemia (blood-sugar < 65 mg/100 ml) was decreased, representing major benefit of the technique. The patients well-being and quality of life were notably amended. Implantable insulin-pump may be offered as a treatment alternative to conventional insulin-therapy, especially in cases of diabetes which are difficult to balance and particularly in cases with frequent hypoglycemic malaise.

Adult↗