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Biomedical subjects

M Poole

Publications and source records attributed to M Poole.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Venous distribution of superficial cervical region in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkey.

The superficial veins of the cervical region in over 50 Macaca mulatta monkeys were studied. We found, in addition to the external jugular vein, another major vein, which we have termed jugular accessory. It is comparable in size and runs ventral to the external jugular vein. It commenced at the angle of the mouth, ran in a groove on the dorsal aspect of the submandibular gland, and descended on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle where it was connected to the external jugular vein by a short transverse twig. It then descended toward the clavicle, crossed it ventrally, and immediately joined the cephalic vein. The resultant common vein pierced the thoracic wall between the clavicle and first rib and joined the external jugular and axillary veins, producing the subclavian vein. It was the jugular accessory and the external jugular, being connected as described, that formed an "H"-shaped system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Recombinant leukocyte A interferon therapy for advanced hairy cell leukemia. Therapeutic and immunologic results.

Hairy cell leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disorder characterized clinically by cytopenias. Standard therapy following variable periods of disease stability consists of splenectomy that often restores normal hematologic parameters for periods ranging from weeks to years. Fifteen patients (five without prior splenectomy or chemotherapy) were treated with 3 X 10(6) units per day of recombinant leukocyte A interferon and 14 of 15 patients completed eight weeks of therapy and were evaluated for response. There was one complete and 12 partial responses for an overall response rate of 93 percent. All of these patients' conditions have remained in complete or partial remissions and they continue to receive interferon with a median follow-up of six months. Coincident with the normalization of peripheral blood counts was a return of natural killer activity and normalization of immunologic surface markers as determined by monoclonal antibodies. This study confirms and extends earlier observations with natural alpha-interferon and indicates that recombinant leukocyte A interferon in low daily doses is also very effective treatment for hairy cell leukemia. In fact, it may be the best single modality of therapy for inducing both hematologic and immunologic recovery of these patients and deserves consideration as initial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Contrasting effects of unmodified and time-release forms of niacin on lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic subjects: clues to mechanism of action of niacin.

To minimize the cutaneous flushing symptoms associated with niacin use, a time-release capsule form of niacin has been formulated. Thus study compares the effects of time-release niacin with those of unmodified niacin on lipoprotein lipids, including HDL2 and HDL3, apoproteins A-I and A-II, clinical chemistries, symptomatic side effects, and adherence to the medication regimen. Seventy-one primarily hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomized to either unmodified niacin or time-release niacin ad took medication for a six-month period. The two groups were closely matched on anthropomorphic and lipid variables. Adherence to the therapeutic regimen at a dose of 1.5 g/d in the first month of treatment was similar in the two groups. Thereafter, at a dose of 3.0 g/d, adherence was in excess of 90% among subjects taking unmodified niacin but only 64% among those taking time-release niacin, chiefly because of aggravated gastrointestinal symptoms; cutaneous flushing side effects, however, were slightly less common with time-release niacin. At these levels of adherence, LDL cholesterol (C) was reduced 21% by unmodified niacin and 13% by the time release form. Plasma total triglyceride was reduced more with unmodified niacin (27%) than with time-release niacin (8% maximum), and HDL-C and HDL2-C were increased significantly with unmodified niacin (26% and 36%) and were not significantly changed by time-release niacin. Increased to a similar degree on both regimens were HDL3-C (approximately 35%) and apoA-I (approximately 12%). ApoA-II was not affected by either drug regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of poor risk acute leukemia with sequential high-dose ARA-C and asparaginase.

Resistance of leukemia cells to cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) may be due to any one or combination of biochemical processes, which in certain instances may be substantially reversed by an appropriate increase in ARA-C dosage. Based on these and other laboratory observations indicating pharmacologic synergy between sequential high-dose ARA-C and asparaginase (HiDAC----ASNase), a therapeutic program was developed for the treatment of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) refractory to conventional doses of ARA-C, as well as patients with high risk ANLL and advanced acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Treatment consisted of 3-hr intravenous infusions of 3 g/sq m of ARA-C given at 12-hr intervals for 4 doses, followed by 6,000 IU/sq m ASNase given i.m. at hour 42. The same schedule was repeated on day 8. In 32 induction attempts, only 4 patients proved to be truly refractory, i.e., failed to achieve substantial leukemia cell cytoreduction. Complete remissions were achieved with HiDAC---- ASNase in 9 of 13 patients with refractory ANLL, 6 of 9 patients with antecedent hematologic disorders, and 3 of 10 patients with advanced ALL. These include 9 of 14 patients who had either failed induction or who had relapsed on active ARA-C therapy and 6 of 8 patients who had had no prior exposure to ARA-C. The median duration of unmaintained remission in ANLL was 5 mo. In a patient with central nervous system (CNS) leukemia, there was clearance of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) blasts without intrathecal therapy, suggesting a role for HiDAC in CNS prophylaxis. In general, toxicity was tolerable and reversible. These data suggest that HiDAC----ASNase is an exceptionally effective and well tolerated regimen in leukemic patients with antecedent hematologic disorders and in those refractory to conventional doses of ARA-C.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged survival of rat leg allografts due to immunological enhancement.

Attempts were made to induce a prolonged survival of leg allografts in rats by means of immunological enhancement. AS rats injected with AS anti-August antiserum accepted (AS X August)F1 kidney allografts for longer than 50 days, but rejected F1 leg allografts within 12-16 days. However, AS rats bearing established, enhanced (AS X August)F1 kidneys accepted F1 leg allografts for periods of 21-207 days. The possibility is discussed that composite tissue allografts can manifest prolonged survival provided that their recipients have passed through the "induction phase" of enhancement and reached the "steady-state" or maintenance phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effects of deliberate hypotension and foot down tilt on the incidence of deep vein thrombosis during plastic surgical operations: a pilot survey.

The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been investigated in a group of 88 patients undergoing plastic surgical operations on the head and neck, and upper limb. Fifty-two cases were operated upon in the foot-down tilt position and 36 were horizontal. With the effects of blood pressure ignored as a possible contributory factor, the incidence of thrombosis in the latter group was 8-3% and was slightly higher in the tilted group (11-5%). Of those who were hypotensive, 3 developed DVT out of 41 (7-3%) who were tilted; whilst in the 11 who were normotensive and tilted 3 developed DVT, an incidence of 27-3%. Of those who were normotensive and operated flat the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 8-0%, while in those subjected to a foot-down tilt it was 27-3%. The hypothesis has been advanced that frequent inflation and deflation of the cuff used for monitoring blood pressure in the hypotensive patients may release fibrinolytic activity and explain these differences. Age, sex and operative duration were not found to have an effect. It is concluded that the incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing plastic surgical operations is lower than that found in general surgery, and is not worsened by deliberate hypotension.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of plexiform neurofibroma of the larynx.

We report the ninth case of plexiform neurofibroma of the larynx, which occurred in a 2-year-old with multiple café au lait spots and obstructive sleep apnea. In discussing this clinical problem, we have attempted to make the following points. A patient's having more than six café au lait spots of greater than 1.5-cm diameter is diagnostic of von Recklinghausen's disease. It is much more difficult to completely excise plexiform neurofibroma than nonplexiform neurofibroma. The association of juvenile xanthogranuloma with von Recklinghausen's disease may be a risk factor for the later development of leukemia.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cavity wound management in the community.

Health care professionals in all specialties strive for high standards of care for their patients. This is particularly relevant in the area of wound management as major advances have been achieved over the past decade. However, there are many areas where improvements can still be achieved. This article highlights the area of cavity wound management in the community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue viability. Pressure sore prevention: scoring pressure sore risk in the community.

To help combat the risk of patients developing pressure sores while being nursed at home, a new risk calculator has been researched and designed by the wound care specialist and members of the Walsall District Nursing Research Group. This article traces the development of the score and highlights its advantages for assessing the risk of pressure sores in the community.

Community Health Services↗