[An empty stomach is necessary in the delivery room].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Popp
Publications and source records attributed to M Popp.
Tool to recover scalar time-delay systems from experimental time series.
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Journal Article↗
A new type of congenital dysfibrinogen, fibrinogen Bremen, with an A alpha Gly-17 to Val substitution associated with hemorrhagic diathesis and delayed wound healing.
We have identified a new type of A alpha Gly-17 to Val substitution in a congenital dysfibrinogen, fibrinogen Bremen, derived from a 15-year-old boy having manifested easy bruising and delayed wound healing. The functional abnormality was characterized by altered fibrin monomer polymerization, which became evident by increasing the salt concentration and pH. A synthetic tetrapeptide with a sequence of the amino-terminal segment of normal fibrin alpha-chain, Gly-Pro-Arg-Val, substantially inhibited polymerization of both normal and the patient-derived fibrin monomers. A synthetic tetrapeptide with the Bremen type sequence of Val-Pro-Arg-Val inhibited polymerization of the patient's fibrin monomers partially at a peptide: fibrin monomer molar ratio of 4,000:1, and that of normal one at a much higher ratio of 10,000:1. Likewise, a synthetic peptide Ala-Pro-Arg-Val with a replacement of the Gly residue by another aliphatic amino acid Ala inhibited similarly the patient's fibrin monomer polymerization. Thus, the hypothetical two-pronged socket-like structure consisting of the alpha-amino group of the amino-terminal Gly and the guanidino group of an Arg at position 3 of the normal fibrin alpha-chain seems to be restored considerably in the mutant fibrin alpha-chain at low ionic strengths and pH's, despite the replacement of the amino-terminal Gly by another aliphatic amino acid Val.
Adolescent↗
Na,K-ATPase and the development of Na+ transport in rat distal colon.
Na,K-ATPase function was studied in order to evaluate the mechanism of increased colonic Na+ transport during early postnatal development. The maximum Na(+)-pumping activity that was represented by the equivalent short-circuit current after addition of nystatin (ISCN) did not change during postnatal life or after adrenalectomy performed in 16-day-old rats. ISCN was entirely inhibited by ouabain; the inhibitory constant was 0.1 mM in 10-day-old (young) and 0.4 mM in 90-day-old (adult) rats. The affinity of the Na,K pump for Na+ was higher in young (11 mM) than in adult animals (19 mM). The Na,K-ATPase activity (measured after unmasking of latent activity by treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate) increased during development and was also not influenced by adrenalectomy of 16-day-old rats. The inhibitory constant for ouabain (KI) was not changed during development (0.1-0.3 mM). Specific [3H]ouabain binding to isolated colonocytes increased during development (19 and 82 pmol/mg protein), the dissociation constant (KD) was 8 and 21 microM in young and adult rats, respectively. The Na+ turnover rate per single Na,K pump, which was calculated from ISCN and estimated density of binding sites per cm2 of tissue was 500 in adult and 6400 Na+/min.site in young rats. These data indicate that they very high Na+ transport during early postnatal life reflects an elevated turnover rate and increased affinity for Na+ of a single isoform of the Na,K pump. The development of Na+ extrusion across the basolateral membrane is not directly regulated by corticosteroids.
Adrenalectomy↗
[Comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization against influenza in a large clinical trial. 2. Results of immunologic studies].
In a multicentric trial 350 persons (19-24 years) were immunized with influenza vaccines containing the following virus antigens: A/Singapore/6/86, (H1N1); A/Mississippi/1/85, (H3N2); B/Ann Arbor/1/86. 174 received an i.m. injection of 0.5 ml "Influmun" vaccine from SSW Dresden/GDR. 176 persons were immunized twice within 60 days with enteric-wated capsules each containing approximately 60 micrograms hemagglutinin of all three virus strains. The volunteers were clinically observed in an interval of 6 months. The majority of orally immunized persons with low pre-immunization titers responded with fourfold or higher IgA antibody titer rises in nasal secretions, but no significant IgG antibody titer increase in sera could be observed. Secretory antibody titers remained elevated for 2 to 4 months. Parenterally immunized persons showed antibody titer rises in sera but not in nasal secretions. In both groups the highest antibody titer increases were observed after application of the A/Singapore/6/86 virus antigen. Volunteers with high pre-immunization titer did not show an antibody increase neither after parenteral nor oral immunization.
Administration, Oral↗
[Comparative study of parenteral and oral immunization to influenza in a large clinical trial. 1. Results of clinico-epidemiologic studies].
360 volunteers were recruited for the investigation from a homologous collective. 174 were immunized parenterally with "Influmun" from SSW Dresden, GDR. 176 volunteers were immunized twice orally with an interval of 60 days with an influenza vaccine inactivated by x-ray using enteric-coated capsules. In an interval of six months ARI-symptoms were investigated. Between 13th and 17th week 1988 an increased ARI-morbidity in the Greifswald-region was observed in which influenza A viruses were involved. In comparison with 312 non-immunized persons of the same age, sex and living area the immunized volunteers of the two groups showed 83.4% less sickness days. 30 persons of the non-immunized group got ill for totally 217 days, whereas only nine persons of the two immunized groups were put on the sicklist for totally 36 days. No significant differences concerning the occurrence and duration of acute respiratory infections (ARI) between the two differently immunized groups could be observed.
Administration, Oral↗
Sphingolipid activator protein deficiency in a 16-week-old atypical Gaucher disease patient and his fetal sibling: biochemical signs of combined sphingolipidoses.
We describe a patient who presented shortly after birth with hyperkinetic behaviour, myoclonia, respiratory insufficiency and hepatosplenomegaly. Gaucher-like storage cells were found in bone marrow. A liver biopsy showed massive lysosomal storage morphologically different to that in known lipid storage disorders. Biochemically, the patient had partial deficiencies of beta-galactocerebrosidase, beta-glucocerebrosidase and ceramidase in skin fibroblast extracts, but the sphingomyelinase activity was normal. Glucosyl ceramide and ceramide were elevated in liver tissue. Loading of cultured fibroblasts with radioactive sphingolipid precursors indicated a profound defect in ceramide catabolism. Immunological studies in fibroblasts showed a total absence of cross-reacting material to sphingolipid activator protein 2 (SAP-2). The patient died at 16 weeks of age. The fetus from his mother's next pregnancy was similarly affected. The possibility that the disorder results from a primary defect at the level of SAP-2 is discussed. We have named this unique disorder SAP deficiency.
Consanguinity↗
[Effect of information sets, emotional status and external storage access on solving social cases].
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Adult↗
Corticosteroid regulation of Na+ and K+ transport in the rat distal colon during postnatal development.
To study the role of corticosteroids in the regulation of colonic electrogenic amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption (ISCNa) and barium-sensitive K+ secretion (ISCK) during development, we investigated suckling (10-day old), weanling (25-day old) and adult (90-day old) adrenalectomized rats after they had received aldosterone, dexamethasone or corticosterone. Adrenalectomy reduced markedly ISCNa in suckling rats and completely inhibited ISCNa in weanling animals; the ISCNa was absent in intact adult rats. The doses of aldosterone, corticosterone and dexamethasone estimated to be equivalent to the endogenous production rate of aldosterone and corticosterone restored ISCNa after 1 day in both suckling and weanling rats. Compared with aldosterone, glucocorticoids produced a greater increase in ISCNa. Concurrent spironolactone treatment (a mineralocorticoid antagonist) completely prevented the effect of aldosterone but had no effect in dexamethasone-treated rats. The glucocorticoid antagonist RU 38 486 inhibited the dexamethasone-induction of ISCNa but had no effect on aldosterone. The response to corticosteroids, measured as the increase of ISCNa, declined from suckling to adult rats. In contrast to ISCNa, the same time of treatment and the same doses of corticosteroids did not influence ISCK. ISCK was stimulated only after chronic treatment (4 days). These findings suggest that, in the distal colon of young rats, (1) both corticosteroids may regulate amiloride-sensitive Na+ absorption and barium-sensitive K+ secretion, (2) different receptors mediate the colonic effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, (3) immature rats are more sensitive to corticosteroids than adult animals, and (4) the acute effect of corticosteroids is an increase in Na+ absorption which is followed by delayed stimulation of K+ secretion.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Amiloride-sensitive sodium transport of the rat distal colon during early postnatal development.
To evaluate developmental changes in colonic sodium transport, the sensitivity of the transepithelial potential and short-circuit current to amiloride was investigated. The amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current (IscNa), which represents the electrogenic sodium transport through Na+ channels, rose significantly from day 5, reached a peak on day 10, and entirely disappeared after weaning. The maximum rate of electrogenic, amiloride-sensitive sodium transport was 12.0 microEq/cm2 X h. The IscNa was suppressed by adrenalectomy and/or premature weaning but not by a mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone. On the contrary, treatments which increase aldosterone levels in vivo (low-sodium diet, furosemide-induced natriuresis, high dietary intake of potassium) stimulated the IscNa. The effect of adrenalectomy increased during postnatal development. The sensitivity of IscNa to aldosterone was highest at the end of the weaning period. High-sodium diet, which causes a decrease in circulating aldosterone, was associated with a partial inhibition of IscNa (P less than 0.016). These data suggest that the distal colon of neonatal rats can transport sodium via an electrogenic, amiloride-sensitive mechanism and that adrenocortical hormones exert the main regulatory control of this pathway.
Adrenalectomy↗
Potassium secretion by neonatal rat distal colon.
Electrogenic K+ secretion across the distal colon of young rats was investigated by measuring the sensitivity of the short-circuit current to Ba2+ added to the mucosal side of the tissue. Ba2+-sensitive short-circuit current (IBasc) was high during the suckling and weaning periods but very low in adult animals. Increasing the mucosal K+ concentration was accompanied by the inhibition of the serosa-to-mucosa IBasc and the induction of the mucosa-to-serosa IBasc. The IBasc was decreased by serosal omission of either Na+ or Cl- as well as by serosal addition of furosemide or ouabain. Mucosal omission of Na+ did not change IBasc. By increasing the plasma level of aldosterone (low-sodium diet) IBasc rose by 95% whereas treatment decreasing this level (high-sodium diet) reduced IBasc by 76%. Bilateral adrenalectomy lowered IBasc by 59% and treatment of adrenalectomized rats with deoxycorticosterone acetate prevented the reduction of IBasc. Tetraethylammonium and quinidine had similar effects on Isc as Ba2+. These data are consistent with the presence of a high level of K+ secretion in the distal colon of neonatal rats. This secretory pathway is electrogenic and independent of Na+ absorption. It appears to be mediated by the Na-K-ATPase as well as a furosemide-sensitive Na-Cl or Na-Cl-K cotransport on the basolateral side and by Ba2+-sensitive K+ conductive pathways on the mucosal side. The results suggest that this K+ secretion can be regulated by mineralocorticoids. The mineralocorticoids are necessary for "stimulated" K+ secretion but they are not essential for maintaining "basal" K+ secretion.
Adrenalectomy↗
Effects of deoxycorticosterone acetate on the electrical properties of rat large intestine: segmental differences.
The functional heterogeneity of different segments of the rat large intestine was investigated by means of transepithelial potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial resistance (Rt) measurements in control rats and after deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) pretreatment. Rt and PD were low in caecum and proximal colon but higher in the distal colon and rectum. Isc was highest in the distal colon, lower in the caecum, proximal colon, and rectum. None of the electrical properties was sensitive to amiloride in control conditions. DOCA increased PD and Isc in the caecum, distal colon and rectum but had no effect in the proximal colon. The increase of the Isc after DOCA in the distal colon and rectum was reached by induction of the amiloride-sensitive Isc associated with reduction of the amiloride-insensitive Isc. The effect of DOCA could be completely prevented by concurrent spironolactone treatment. The results suggest that the epithelia of the proximal parts of the large intestine are "leaky" whereas those of the distal colon and rectum are relatively "tight". It is concluded that there is a marked quantitative and qualitative segmental heterogeneity along the rat large intestine.
Amiloride↗
[Malignant hyperthermia in a 41-year-old woman].
Malignant hyperthermia is one of the most devastating crises encountered in anaesthesia and it frequently occurs unexpectedly. Although malignant hyperthermia develops in young individuals (mean age approximately 22 years), older people can also be affected. The case of a 41-year-old woman with a history of several previously uneventful general anaesthetics is described. She developed the complete symptomatology of malignant hyperthermia triggered by halothane anaesthesia, with tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, cyanosis, combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis and hyperpyrexia. Because treatment with dantrolene and hyperventilation with 100% O2 was started immediately, the symptoms of malignant hyperthermia were stopped within a short time. It should always be remembered, that the life threatening crises which can be caused by malignant hyperthermia can occur at any age and even after several uneventful anaesthetics.
Adult↗
The stability of five chemotherapy drugs stored frozen for use in the human tumor stem cell assay.
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Antineoplastic Agents↗
A new sensitive method for the quantification of internal carotid stenoses by means of ultrasound Doppler signal processing.
A new way of processing the ultrasound Doppler spectrum is presented. By introducing a Disturbance Index (DI), based on a double Fourier transformation, the quantitative evaluation of blood flow disturbance is possible. The integral value of this index over the whole cardiac cycle can be used to quantify the degree of lower grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses and plaques. In a preliminary study, this new method has been tested in 18 normal and 10 atherosclerotic carotid arteries against Duplex-scan and angiography. The results were compared with 5 alternative methods of processing the Doppler spectrum.
Carotid Arteries↗
Sodium transport and electrical properties of the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
Transport and electrical properties of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were studied in order to find the osmoregulatory organ which helps to compensate the renal filtration-reabsorption disbalance of chick embryos. It could be shown that CAM resembles Na+ transporting epithelia in that active Na+ absorption is responsible for the potential difference and short circuit current, which could be abolished by ouabain on the ectodermal and amiloride on the endodermal side. The transepithelial conductance rose with increasing sodium concentration in accordance with the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The allantoic sac thus plays a role similar to the toad urinary bladder despite the low potential difference and resistance which indicate that CAM is a leaky epithelium. CAM is therefore not only a respiratory but also an osmoregulatory organ.
Allantoin↗
Storage of chemotherapy drugs for use in the human tumor stem cell assay.
Tumor chemosensitivity assays require the frequent in vitro use of antineoplastic drugs. Economy and convenience are greatly enhanced if these drugs are stored in aliquots for use as needed. This study investigated the stability of eight common antineoplastic agents at -60 degrees C. Activity was measured as inhibition of colony formation in a commonly used soft agar culture system using an experimentally induced murine sarcoma. Our results indicate no loss of activity with these drugs under the specified storage conditions.
Animals↗
Pathway of malic Acid synthesis in response to ion uptake in wheat and lupin roots: evidence from fixation of C and C.
Malate synthesis by CO(2) fixation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and lupin (Lupinus luteus) roots was investigated by labeling with NaH(13)CO(3) as well as with NaH(14)CO(3). The distribution of (14)C label in the malate was examined, using enzymic degradation methods (malic enzyme, pyruvate decarboxylase) and, in the case of (13)C, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In long-term experiments (2 to 12 hours), both methods showed that the [1-C] and [4-C] positions of malic acid are approximately equally labeled, in agreement with former findings. Short-term experiments (15, 30 seconds) showed that (14)C is confined initially to the [4-C] position of malate but then is distributed quickly to the [1-C] atom. Neither labeling pattern nor rate of randomization was influenced by salt treatment. Analysis of malate from roots by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, a procedure which was tested against in vitro-prepared [1-(13)C]-, [4-(13)C]-, and [1,4-(13)C] malate, gave strong evidence for the existence of only singly labeled malate molecules. These data suggest that only one carboxylation step, catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and/or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, is responsible for malic acid synthesis in roots and that malate label is randomized by a fumarase-like reaction, presumably in mitochondria.
Journal Article↗