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Biomedical subjects

M Prokocimer

Publications and source records attributed to M Prokocimer.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Altered function and membrane properties of lymphocytic leukemia cells. Correlation with clinical stage of disease.

Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were examined for the presence of several recognized surface receptors [immunoglobulins, C3 component of complement, and concanavalin A (Con A)] and for structural changes in membrane distribution and dynamics, such as mobility and capping. There appeared to be a general decrease in the mobility of the various receptors on the surface membranes of CLL cells as compared with normal lymphocytes. Although C3 receptors were present on the majority of CLL cells, only a small proportion of the cells formed EAC rosettes. The response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Con A and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) confirmed previous observations that CLL cells respond poorly to the B cell mitogen, PWM, and that this response is significantly lower than that to the T cell mitogens, PHA and Con A. The decrease in response to all three mitogens seemed to correlate with the clinical stage of the disease, and it appears that Stage II cases may constitute a heterogeneous group of patients in this respect. A differential response to reduced concentrations of PHA was observed in CLL lymphocytes, but not with normal cells. The data concerning B and T cell function in CLL cells, as determined by the transformation and rosetting capacity of these cells, suggest a general decrease in function, which apparently deteriorates with progression of the disease.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1981

Increased bone marrow mast cells in preleukemic syndromes, acute leukemia, and lymphoproliferative disorders.

Increased numbers of bone marrow mast cells were found in 45 (2.2%) of 2,000 bone marrow specimens obtained from patients who had hematologic disorders. Mast cells were most frequently seen in the marrows of patients who had preleukemic syndromes, lymphoproliferative disorders, and acute leukemia. The 16 patients who had preleukemic syndromes included those with refractory sideroblastic and megaloblastic anemia (with or without an excess of blasts), idiopathic pancytopenia or pure erythrocytic aplasia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, idiopathic refractory neutropenia, agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia, and persistent eosinophilia. Five of the seven patients who had acute leukemia had nonlymphoblastic leukemia; two had blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Of the 13 patients who had lymphoproliferative disorders, eight had chronic lymphocytic leukemia, three had macroglobulinemia, and two had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three patients who had chronic renal failure associated with severe anemia and two who had chronic liver disease, splenomegaly, or hypersplenism were also encountered. In this study there appeared to be a consistent relationship between the presence of increased numbers of mast cells and the lymphocyte and plasma cell counts in the bone marrow. The significance of the presence of secondary mastocytosis in premalignant lesions, neoplasia, and, in particular, lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders, is still unclear.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Plasma cell leukemia and myeloma: a scanning electron-microscopic study of cell surface features in six cases.

Circulating plasma cells from six patients who had plasma cell leukemia were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In all cases, leukemic plasma cells constituted more than 60% of the total cell population in the peripheral blood. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the leukemic cells were plasmacytic and that many of them contained parallel arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed previous observations of cultured myeloma cells and showed that plasma cells display varying numbers of surface blebs in addition to short stublike microvilli. The microvilli were frequently clustered together in one area of the surface. Bleb formation appears to be characteristic of plasma cells, but its nature is still obscure. Current knowledge of this phenomenon is briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of multiparameter studies and scanning electron microscopy in the interpretation and attempted correlation of surface morphology with cell type in 135 cases of human leukemias.

Multiparameter studies and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on cells obtained from 135 cases of leukemia in an attempt to clarify whether there was a reliable correlation between surface morphology and cell type as defined by cytochemistry, membrane markers, and transmission electron microscopy. These studies also attempted to determine whether SEM could be used to distinguish lymphoid and nonlymphoid leukemias, to recognize different types of lymphoid leukemia, and to define the cell type involved in cases of unclassified leukemia. The results of this study suggest that there is a good correlation between surface morphology as seen by SEM and cell type identified by multiparameter techniques. In most cases, nonlymphoid leukemic cells could be distinguished from lymphoid leukemic cells on the basis of their surface morphology. SEM did not appear to contribute to the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia, but more cases of this nature must be studied. Despite the fact that acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells frequently showed fewer microvilli than did other lymphoid leukemias, overlap of surface features in about one-third of the cases did not enable SEM to be used as a reliable means of distinction. The above conclusions appear to be supported by preliminary scanning immunoelectron microscopic observations on leukemic cells. It is concluded that SEM is a useful aid to other modes of microscopy in leukemia but should not be used on its own to establish diagnosis.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1980

Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute leukemia (Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia): report of two cases in Israel.

Two rare cases of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute leukemia are described. Both patients had typical features of Burkitt's lymphoma with rapidly growing, extranodal tumor masses which were multifocal. The blasts infiltrating the bone marrow and peripheral blood showed cytologic, cytochemical, immunologic, and ultrastructural features of Burkitt's tumor cells. The cells had B-cell markers but lacked the EBV-DNA genome and had multiple microvilli as seen by means of scanning electron microscopy. In both cases, the disease was resistant to chemotherapy and rapidly fatal, despite the fact that complete remissions of short duration was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lymphoblastic leukemic transformation (lymphoblastic crisis) in myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developing in myelofibrosis (MF) and myeloid metaplasia (MM) is reported in two patients. In both cases, the clinical course of the "blastic crisis" was rapidly progressive with little response to chemotherapy. The circulating cells were readily identified as lymphoblasts on the basis of cytology, cytochemistry, immunologic studies, and ultrastructure. In one of the cases, 40% of cells had T-cell markers and all cells contained paranuclear acid phosphatase. In the second case, cells had a "Burkitt-like appearance, contained multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles positive for oil red O, and one-third of them had B-cell markers. The development of lymphoblastic crisis in MF and MM occurs rarely, is analogous to blastic transformation in chronic granulocytic leukemia, and supports the hypothesis that myeloproliferative disorders originate from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1980

The in vitro sensitivity of leukemic and normal leukocytes to hydrocortisone induced cytolysis.

A marked sensitivity of CLL lymphocytes to hydrocortisone in vitro was demonstrated in each of the 25 patients tested. The sensitivity was manifested by the eventual lysis of the affected cells. Malignant lymphocytes from 8 out of 14 ALL patients were found also to be in vitro sensitive, whereas CML cells, AML cells, normal BM cells, thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells were resistant. Within a tested CLL lymphoid suspension it is proven that the hydrocortisone causes the specific lysis of the malignant cells leaving the normal lymphocytes undamaged. The cytolysis is not an immediate action, but is expressed within 7-8 hr of incubation. However, 30 min incubation with the hormone is sufficient for the cytolytic effect to occur 20 hr later. The possible mechanisms involved in the specific glucocorticoid induced cytolysis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Fatal Shigella dysentery complicated by toxic megacolon and bone marrow aplasia in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia in remission.

A patient with Philadelphia positive chronic granulocytic leukemia in clinical remission is described, who developed Shigella dysentery complicated by fatal toxic megacolon, pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia. The difficulties of differential diagnosis between active ulcerative colitis and Shigella dysentery and problems relating to the management of these two disorders are discussed. Leukocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia and its role in infection in these patients is also briefly reviewed. The rare association of bone marrow aplasia and Shigellosis is stressed.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1979

The use of steroid suppositories in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis complicated by peptic ulceration.

Because of intolerance to oral steroids, a patient with Chronic Active Hepatitis and an active gastric ulcer was treated with rectal steroids in addition to azathioprine and carbenoxolone sodium. The liver function tests showed a marked improvement with this therapy, and the gastric ulcer healed. The possible advantages of steroid administration by suppositories are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human p53 gene localized to short arm of chromosome 17.

The p53 gene codes for a nuclear protein that has an important role in normal cellular replication. The concentration of p53 protein is frequently elevated in transformed cells. Transfection studies show that the p53 gene, in collaboration with the activated ras oncogene, can transform cells. Chromosomal localization may provide a better understanding of the relationship of p53 to other human cellular genes and of its possible role in malignancies associated with specific chromosomal rearrangements. A recent study mapped the human p53 gene to the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q21-q22) using in situ chromosomal hybridization. Here, by Southern filter hybridization of DNAs from human-rodent hybrids, we have localized the p53 gene to the short arm of human chromosome 17.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenytoin-folic acid interaction: a lesson to be learned.

A case of a patient who developed symptomatic phenytoin-induced folic acid deficiency is reported. Folate supplementation of 5 mg/d was followed by a decrease of serum phenytoin concentration to a subtherapeutic level with a breakthrough seizure. Estimation of phenytoin's Km-Vmax Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetic parameters in this patient demonstrated that folate supplements indeed caused a significant decrease in the Km value. This decrease correlates with a greater affinity of the metabolizing hepatic enzymes for the drug, and hence, with the resultant increase in phenytoin's metabolism and decrease of its serum concentration and anticonvulsive effect. In an era of increasing knowledge of folate's pivotal role in various diseases, we call attention to this drug-vitamin interaction, and to the previously suggested recommendation that folate supplementation should be initiated whenever phenytoin therapy commences. Because folic acid dosages as low as 1 mg/d may perturbate phenytoin's metabolism, smaller deficiency preventive doses may be the advisable allowance for phenytointreated patients with normal pretreatment folate levels. This suggestion must be confirmed by a prospective study in a large cohort of patients.

Drug Interactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of paraproteinemia in hairy cell leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

A case of hairy cell leukemia and IgG paraproteinemia is described. Peripheral blood surface marker analysis, serum paraprotein levels and immunoperoxidase stains of bone marrow sections at diagnosis and after 7 months of interferon treatment suggested the existence of two unrelated pathological B cell clones: one composed of malignant hairy cells and the other secreting the paraprotein. Previously reported cases of hairy cell leukemia with paraproteins are reviewed and our patient's contribution to the understanding of this association is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ProMACE-CytaBOM: combination chemotherapy for diffuse large cell lymphoma.

ProMACE CytaBOM, a polychemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide cytozar, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate and prednisone was administered on an outpatient basis to six consecutive patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma. All achieved a complete remission (CR). Two have relapsed. Actuarial analysis predicts 66.7% survival and 62.5% probability of remaining in remission at 40 months post diagnosis. The side effects of ProMACE CytoBOM were tolerable and included mainly vincristine induced peripheral neuropathy, infections and mucositis. Our results are consistent with the SWOG results, reported only recently, using the same combination chemotherapy regimen in patient with intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We conclude that ProMACE CytaBOM represents a highly effective and easy-to-administer regimen in patients with large cell lymphoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗