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Biomedical subjects

M R Callaway

Publications and source records attributed to M R Callaway.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Dimensions of clinical competence as conceptualized by medical school faculty.

This study identified dimensions of clinical competence underlying faculty ratings of fourth-year student performance in a standardized patient examination and assessed the impact of these dimensions on faculty pass/fail decisions. Content review coupled with exploratory factor analysis was used to group 17 of 25 specific behavioral rating categories into four homogeneous clusters. Confirmatory factor analysis refined the clusters into four unidimensional scales that included 14 of the original ratings. The dimensions reflected relating to the patient, problem-solving skills, medical history skills, and physical examination skills. The factor structure was cross-validated in a separate data set. Logistic regression indicated problem solving was the only independent predictor of a student passing the exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dominance on group decision making: toward a stress-reduction explanation of groupthink.

Janis (1972) proposed that groupthink is essentially a stress-reduction process. Cohesive groups reduce the stress of decision making by suppressing critical inquiry. Theoretically, groupthink could be prevented in cohesive groups if the stress could be diffused by other factors. We investigated the effects of task structure (decision-making procedures) and an individual factor (dominance) on the quality of group decision making, anxiety, and symptoms of groupthink. Students (n = 112) participated in twenty-eight 4-person, mixed-sex groups. Groups composed of highly dominant members made higher quality decisions, exhibited lower state anxiety, and took more time to reach a decision. They also tended to make more statements of disagreement and agreement, and to report more group influence on the members. Decision-making procedures had little effect on the decision process.

Anxiety↗