Biomedical subjects

M R Chandrasekhar

Publications and source records attributed to M R Chandrasekhar.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Vibrio cholerae isolated during a cholera outbreak in India.

During the cholera epidemic of 2002 in and around Hubli, south India, Vibrio cholerae strains resistant to fluoroquinolones were isolated. Among the isolates of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroups, 55.9% and 47.1% were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. However, only 12.5% of the O1 serogroup strains were resistant to both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Though the O139 serogroup strains were susceptible to these antibiotics, they exhibited multidrug resistance. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant V. cholerae that also exhibited multidrug resistance is of great significance in the epidemiology and control of cholera.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a south Indian city.

There are increasing numbers of reports of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus being resistant to methicillin. The present study was undertaken as no such reports are available for the developing nations. In a prospective study, between June to December 2001, at the Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were tested for clindamycin-susceptibility, a surrogate marker for community-acquired strains. Patients with clindamycin-susceptible isolates were interviewed to determine if they had acquired them in the community and also to identify any risk factors. Of the 116 patients with S. aureus infection, 18.1% had infection with methicillin-resistant strains. Clindamycin-susceptible MRSA accounted for 61.9% of cases. Among these, 46.1% patients were confirmed to have acquired the MRSA from the community, based on inclusion criteria. The community-acquired MRSA were susceptible to multiple antibiotics, as compared to nosocomial isolates. Except for one patient with diabetes mellitus, no other patient had any known risk factor for acquiring MRSA. As significant numbers of MRSA infections are being acquired from the community, treatment options for S. aureus infections may need to be reviewed. Effective infection control programs for the community should be considered to prevent the spread of these infections.

Community-Acquired Infections↗

PubMed2003

Intestinal helminthic infestation in children.

In this study of fecal samples from 1000 children below 6 years of age, 680 (68.0%) detected to have intestinal helminthic infection. The incidence of intestinal helminthiasis in urban group of children was 56.8% (284 out of 500 tested) while in rural group of children was 79.2% (396 out of 500 tested). Both in rural and urban population Ascaris lumbricoides was the single predominant species, whereas a combination of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was common multiple infection. All cultures of fecal samples positive for hook worm ova revealed the prevalent species as Necator americanus in this area.

Ascariasis↗

PubMed2003

Incidence of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 infection with low virulence in Hubli, Karnataka (India).

384 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis were processed by standard culture techniques and antibiogram of V. cholerae was performed. Stool samples from 93 (24.22%) patients yielded V. cholerae, 58 (62.37%) of which were V. cholerae, El Tor O1 Ogawa, 31 (33.33%) V. cholerae O139 and 4 (4.30%) V. cholerae non O1 non O139. Of the culture proven cholera cases watery diarrhoea was observed in 79 (84.95%), vomiting in 57(61.29%), muscle cramps in 21 (22.58%) and sweating in 18 (19.35%). Majority of these patients presented with moderate dehydration 57 (61.29%). Mild dehydration was found in 19 (20.43%) and severe dehydration in 17 (18.28%). While majority of patients with O139 infection had mild to moderate dehydration 25 (80.65%), severe dehydration was more common with O1 infection 11 (64.71%). This study reflects the importance of monitoring the V. cholerae by serogrouping, antibiogram typing, which keep on varying constantly.

Adolescent↗