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Biomedical subjects

M R Gooding

Publications and source records attributed to M R Gooding.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

E.M.I. scan in the management of head injuries.

The E.M.I. scan has much simplified the management of head injuries. The conventional investigations have been supplanted by a safe non-invasive technique, in which lesions of the brain can be demonstrated. Thus high density intracerebral or extracerebral haematoses are readily diagnosed, even when they are in unusual sites. Wherever their location, they appear in sharp contrast to the low density of cerebral contusions or chronic subdural haematomas. The safety of the procedure recommends its sequential use in patients who fail to improve or who deteriorate; and repeated examinations can be useful in monitoring the response to therapy. Under clinical supervision, the quantity and quality of information the method yields during a single comprehensive study is such that it should became the definitive investigation in the victims of cerebral trauma.

Angiography↗
PubMed1976

A quantitative study of the EMI values obtained for normal brain cerebral infarction and certain tumours.

A quantitative study has been made of the EMI numbers of normal brain, cerebral infarction and certain tumours. The scans were recorded on magnetic tape and analysed using a minicomuter linked to a graphic display unit. This system not only yielded 16 grey scales compared with the ten currently available, but was programmed to allow selected regions of the scans to be outlined. From these regions the computer calculated the area, the mean EMI number and its standard deviation. It was found that in 15 normal brain scans, the EMI values obtained for normal frontal and temporal lobes were similar, but that the values for the basal ganglia and occipital lobes were significantly different from the first two regions and from each other. Ten cases of cerebral infarction and 30 cases of cerebral tumour were analysed, and it was shown that analysing representative areas was more informative than surveying the whole lesion. Whilst only half of the scans of brain tumours had a significantly altered EMI number compared with that of normal brain, enhancement of tumour density with sodium iothalamate revealed a consistent and significant elevation of the EMI number for all tumours. In particular, the value for enhanced meningiomas was almost double and malignant tumours more than a third larger than normal brain. It was not possible to differentiate quantitatively between astrocytomas and metastases.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

Experimental cervical myelopathy: autoradiographic studies of spinal cord blood flow patterns.

The cervical spinal cord was compressed at one (C5) or two (C4,C5) levels in eight awake dogs by advancing screws through the vertebral bodies into the spinal canal until minimal limb weakness occurred. Ischemia of the cervical cord was produced by ligation of vertebral and spinal arteries in four anesthetized dogs, of which two had previously undergone cord compression at two levels. The neurological and histological findings were studied. By means of antipyrine [14C]autoradiography, qualitative changes of blood flow in dogs with compression and/or ischemia of the cervical spinal cord were compared to flow patterns in normal dogs. The authors conclude that the neurological and histological changes produced by spinal cord compression, ischemia and their combination correlate with altered patterns of blood flow within the cervical spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The Lancet - Saturday II October 1975. Sodium iothalamate as an aid to diagnosis of intracranial lesions by computerised transverse axial scanning.

The diagnostic accuracy of computerised transverse axial tomography in conjunction with enhancement of tissue density by sodium iothalamate was assessed in 438 patients, 256 of them having intracranial tumours and 182 having other intracranial disorders. THE 80 X 80 matrix and 20 ml intravenous sodium iothalamate were used in 174 patients, the 160 X 160 matrix and 20 ml sodium iothalamate in 126 patients, and the 160 X 160 matrix and 60 ml sodium iothalamate in 138 patients. The diagnostic accuracy rose from 87% in the first group to 100% in the final group. The proportion of patients showing enhancement of tumour tissue density improved from 64% in the first group to 96% in the third. In the non-tumour patients, excluding those in whom the underlying disease caused no alteration of brain structure or tissue density, the overall accuracy was 96%, being unaffected by the modifications of technique. The enhancement of tissue density in brain abscesses, some cerebral infarcts, and angiomas could be readily distinguished from that seen in tumours.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1975

An assessment of the accuracy of computerized transverse axial scanning (EMI scanner) in the diagnosis of intracranial tumour. A review of 366 patients.

The computerized transverse axial (CTA) scans of 366 patients with intracranial tumours and 267 patients without tumours, but with similar presenting features, were analyzed. In all cases the definitive diagnosis was established either by histological or neurological methods. Most tumours were found to be of low tissue density, but a gradation from low through normal to a high density appearance was recognized. Tissue density enhancement with sodium iothalamate was achieved in 63-9% of supratentorial and 62-4% of infratentorial tumours, and usually allowed a more accurate determination to be made of the boundary between the tumour and the surrounding oedema. The accuracy of the CTA scanner as a screening technique was found to be 96%, this being superior to either clinical evaluation or rectilinear isotope scanning. When assessed on the basis of structural abnormalities demonstrated in the same groups of patients, the CTA scans enabled a diagnosis to be made or a lesion excluded in 92-3% of the patients, a figure which bears comparison with arteriography and pneumo-encephalography. It is anticipated that the simplicity and superior sensitivity of the system should decrease the necessity for invasive techniques such as angiography and pneumo-encephalography in the future.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Experimental cervical myelopathy. Effects of ischemia and compression of the canine cervical spinal cord.

The authors report experiments designed to test the effect of regional ischemia induced by selective vascular ligations and anterior compression of the cervical cord at two adjacent segments (C-4, C-5) in the same dog. They conclude that local ischemia of the cervical cord, caused by local deformation, when superimposed on a regional reduction in spinal cord blood flow, accounts for the myelopathy of cervical spondylosis whether produced experimentally in animals or occurring naturally in man.

Animals↗