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Biomedical subjects

M R Guseva

Publications and source records attributed to M R Guseva.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Organ of vision in preterm infant].

Examinations of the organ of vision in 79 preterm infants showed lack of sensitivity of the conjunctiva and cornea, unstable precorneal membrane, and insufficient lacrimal production; these features may promote the development of diseases of the anterior segment of the eyeball. Decreased reaction to a light stimulus and lack of the pupil reaction to light are characteristic features of a preterm infant. The position of the baby lying in an incubator and poor transparency of ocular media impedes the ophthalmological examination and require special training of the physician. Pathological changes in the fundus oculi of a preterm baby should be regularly checked up by an oculist during the postnatal period.

Blinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antioxidative activity of histochrome and some other drugs used in ophthalmology].

The antioxidative activity (AOA) of histochrome (2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-7-ethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and some other drugs with antioxidant properties used in ophthalmology has been studied in the hemoglobin--hydrogen peroxide--luminol system. The AOA of histochrome, ascorbate, dicinon, rutin, quercetin, and dihydroquercetin is comparable to that of trolox, the reference antioxidant in our studies. The drugs (in physiological concentrations) listed above are characterized by a high AOA. Cerebrolysin was 300 times less active than trolox, and emoxipin showed no antioxidant properties. Lacrimal AOA increased after a parabulbar injection of histochrome. Histochrome is believed to be a perspective antioxidant for the treatment of ocular diseases.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunogenetics of optic neuritis in children with multiple sclerosis].

The aim of the work was to study immunogenetic peculiarities of optic neuritis in children with MS. Using PCR-SSP technique genomic typing was performed on HLA DRB1 gene (chromosome 6p21) of 56 unrelated children with ON registered at least once in clinically verified MS. 264 adult MS patients and 328 healthy controls from the same stratum of population were also genotyped. A very strong correlation of MS with DR15 (DRB1*150 ... alleles) was observed in comparison with healthy cases in the above population. In 39 cases of children with ON and MS both parents were also genotyped and the rate of their DRB1 haplotypes transmitted (patients) and non-transmitted (control cases) to their sick children were compared in accordance with affected family-based (AFBAC) method. A very strong correlation of demielinating disease with DRB1*150 ... alleles was verified. Transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) was carried out to analyze correlation in selected families consisting of one sick child and two parents at least one of whom was heterozygous for DR15. The difference observed in transmission from these parents of DR15 alleles and alternative DRB1 alleles was extremely great providing obvious evidence for correlation of DR15 (DRB1*150...) alleles and susceptibility of children to ON and MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fluorescence angiography in the diagnosis of pathology of the fundus oculi in children].

Fluorescent diagnostics examinations were undertaken by the authors in different-age 410 children. The peroral fluorescent angiography (FAG) was used to examine 20% of cases, and the intravenous FAG was applied to 80% of cases. We offered the differential approach to dosing the solution, while making the peroral FAG examinations, which reduces the frequency rate of unfavorable reactions. The dosage ranged from 20 to 25 mg/kg with regard for purposes of examinations. The use of fluorescein did not cause any serious complications; nausea and a short faintness state were registered only in 10% of children. An examination of angiography images demonstrated that the phases of tinting of healthy tissue were identical to those tinted at the intravenous FAG. The below peculiarities of the child eye fundus were established: a weaker, as compared to the adults, pigmentation of the eye fundus, an insufficient differentiation of the macular zone and an immature peripheral retina in children during the neonatal period. Indications for FAG at congenital and acquired eye pathologies are specified.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulse therapy in the treatment of optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis].

Corticosteroids are the preparations in the treatment of optic neuritis at multiple sclerosis. The doses and methods of introduction of corticosteroids are chosen individually for the adults and children. A maximum effect is registered in a majority of cases of optic neuritis, when methylprednisolone is prescribed with the pulse-dose introduction, as compared to parabulbar injections or administration of corticosteroids per os. The recovery of vision at relapsing optic neuritis sets on faster and is of a more prolonged nature as compared to other variants of the introduction of corticosteroids. Therefore, the prescription of methylprednisolone as pulse-doses is more effective in both adults and children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prospects of using fluorescein angiography with oral administration of fluorescein in children].

Search for the subjective methods for the diagnosis of diseases of the fundus oculi in children necessitates the development of new methods. The authors are investigating the possibility of fluorescent angiography with oral administration of fluorescein with due consideration for the allergologic history and other conditions that may be contraindications against intravenous administration of the agent to children. Fluorescent angiography was carried out in 15 children aged 4 to 15. The procedure was well tolerated, no complications were recorded.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical and epidemiological features of uveitis in children].

The structure, dynamic morbidity and clinical specificity of endogenous uveitis have been studied in different-age children in a Moscow district for as long as 30 years. The frequency of uveitis was determined for Moscow; it went up in the city, during the recent 15 years, 5-fold. On the basis of complex examinations of 1573 children with uveitis, the age-related, clinical-and-morphological and etiological specific features of uveitis were investigated. The rate and nature of complications after uveitis leading to the disablement due to blindness and poor vision were defined. Lipid peroxidation, body antioxidant protection, corticosterones and hydrocortisones as well as metabolism of acid glycosaminoglycans were found, according to biochemistry results, to be important in uveitis pathogenesis, which is a fundamental in working out the pathogenetic therapy and prognostication of uveitis. The thus elaborated system of clinical-and-laboratory and of therapeutic measures enhanced the efficiency of the early and differential diagnostics of uveitis and of the complex therapeutic treatment of the discussed severe pathology, which brought about a 2-fold cut of stay in hospital, improved the functional outcomes and reduced the complications' rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pavlyuk--antioxidant "Gistochrom" in the complex treatment of intraocular hemorrhages in children].

We studied the efficiency of Russian antioxidant Gistochrom in the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages of different genesis in children. Gistochrom was used in 407 children (449 eyes), aged 1 month to 14 years, with traumatic hyphema, hemophthalmos, hemorrhages in the eye bottom, hemorrhagic retinovasculitis, recurrent hephema, diabetic retinopathy, hemorrhages after reconstruction of the anterior chamber with cataract extraction, neuritis, retinopathy of prematures as well as with uveitis with a pronounced exudative component, with signs of retinal edema and of reactive pappilitis. Gistochrom has an intense action on blood resorption in structures of the eye ball as observed in traumas and lesions of internal eye tunics with hemorrhages. The treatment efficiency is higher when the drug is used at earlier disease stages and when it is administered into the retrobulbar space through the irrigation system. Gistrochrom is recommended for use in ophthalmic practice for the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages of different genesis as well as in retinopathy with a pronounced exudative component and in different-etiology uveitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The efficiency of the use of cerebrolysin in optic nerve diseases in children of different age].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of cerebrolysin used in partial atrophies of the optic nerve in relation to the method of drug injection and to whether treatment was used in combination with percutaneous electrostimulation of the optic nerve. The study was based on the results of clinical and electrophysiological studies of 646 children (810 eyes) aged 8 weeks to 18 years. All the examinees were divided into 4 groups: 1) patients in whom cerebrolysin was administered as retrobulbar injections made once daily; 2) those in whom cerebrolysion was injected in combination with microcirculation-improving agents through the irrigation system into the retrobulbar and Tenon space; 3) patients who received cerebrolysin only through the irrigation system; 4) those in whom the agents affecting the microcirculatory bed in the optic nerve system were administered through the irrigation system. Cerobrolysin has turned out to be highly effective as a drug that improved the outcomes of percutaneous stimulation of the optic nerve due to the use of two-stage treatment of children with partial atrophy of the optic nerve of various genesis, involving irrigation therapy supplemented by cerebrolysin and vascular agents at the first stage and percutaneous stimulation of the optic nerve at the second one.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment of children with lower orbital wall fractures].

Wobenzim, a drug for systemic enzyme therapy, was used in 26 children with lower orbital wall fractures as monotherapy in early periods (on days 1 to 7) after brain injury to improve healing conditions and to minimize the formation of scar tissues in the fractural area. A control group comprised 24 patients who received systemic dehydration and vessel-strengthening therapy. Systemic enzyme therapy with Wobenzim could reduce the attenuation time of inflammatory manifestations of injury, prevent complications, such as strangulation of the musculus rectus inferior in the fractural area and development of strangulated orbital soft tissue hernia, and substantially decrease the number of patients having indications for surgical plastic repair of the orbital wall, as compared with the control group.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
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[Visual evoked potentials in chessboard pattern reversion in children with optic neuritis].

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) to chess pattern reversion were studied in 17 children with optic neurites during the acute stage and in the course of convalescence 1-2 months and 1-3 years after the disease onset. Coarse VEP changes were detected in the patients during the acute stage of optic neuritis. A positive time course of VEP was followed up in late periods after the acute attack of the disease. Despite normalization of vision acuity, no complete restoration of VEP to small-cell chess patterns was seen. The findings evidence that studies of VEP to chess pattern reversion should be carried out to detect subclinical involvement of the optic nerve and to timely diagnose optic neuritis in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Examination of the optic nerve state in children with orbital injuries].

The results of comprehensive examinations of 13 children with orbital injuries, in whom injuries to the optic nerve were diagnosed, are analyzed. Computer-aided tomography and examinations with visual evoked potentials helped detect the signs of optic nerve injuries in the first days after the injury even in cases without ophthalmoscopic changes. Grave disorders of the involved eye visual evoked potentials were detected, that evidenced organic changes of the third neurone, despite high vision acuity. Disordered visual evoked potentials of the intact eye as against age-specific norm were detected in 8 children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical significance of determining ceruloplasmin activity in the blood serum in children with uveitis].

The activity of ceruloplasmin, the principal blood serum endogenous protein antioxidant, may serve the criterion of uveitis severity and time course. Reduction of this parameter in chronic recurring uveitis gives grounds to prescribe antioxidant therapy. The treatment efficacy is assessed by measuring the ceruloplasmin activity over the course of treatment.

Adolescent↗