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Biomedical subjects

M R Islam

Publications and source records attributed to M R Islam.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Complete amino acid sequence of luffin-a, a ribosome-inactivating protein from the seeds of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica).

The complete amino acid sequence of luffin-a has been determined. Twenty-two peptides were isolated from the tryptic digest of luffin-a and sequenced employing the DABITC/PITC double coupling method. Overlaping of these peptides was achieved by analyzing the chymotryptic peptides or CNBr-fragments of luffin-a and their S. aureus V8 protease peptides. Luffin-a consists of 248 amino acid residues and its relative molecular mass is calculated to be 27,021 Da, excluding the attached sugar chains reasoned to be present at each Asn residue of positions 28, 33, 77, 84, 206, and 227. A comparison with the sequence of ricin A-chain showed 33% sequence identity indicating that these proteins are homologous.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Single-dose treatment of cholera with furazolidone or tetracycline in a double-blind randomized trial.

To evaluate single doses of 400 mg of furazolidone and 1 g of tetracycline given orally to patients with diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae, we studied 87 adults in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. All patients received intravenous fluids for rehydration and no other drugs. The total volumes of stool (mean +/- standard deviation) during a 6-day period after treatment were significantly smaller in the tetracycline group (10.5 +/- 8.6 liters) than in the furazolidone group (20.9 +/- 15.9 liters) and the placebo group (19.1 +/- 10.5 liters) (P less than 0.01). The duration of diarrhea and volumes of intravenous fluids were also significantly reduced in the tetracycline group (P less than 0.05). However, there were no differences between the furazolidone and the placebo groups with regard to stool volume, intravenous fluid, and duration of diarrhea. Within 48 h of treatment, tetracycline significantly reduced the number of patients with positive stool cultures for V. cholerae (37%) compared with furazolidone treatment (96%) and the placebo (97%) (P less than 0.001). Although the tetracycline group had a significantly higher incidence (61%) of bacteriologic relapse (negative stool cultures on days 2 and 3, followed by positive cultures afterward) compared with that in the furazolidone group (40%) and the placebo group (33%), this was not associated with clinical relapse. There were no differences between the furazolidone and placebo groups with regard to any of the bacteriologic responses examined. These data indicate that a single dose of 1 g of tetracycline is effective in the treatment of cholera, but it is asymptomatic bacteriologic relapse. A single dose of 400 mg of furazolidone is not therapeutically effective in cholera.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pathogenesis of experimental reovirus tenosynovitis in chickens: influence of the route of infection.

Four groups of specific pathogen-free, day-old chicks were infected experimentally with an avian arthrotropic reovirus strain R2 by four different routes:--oral, subcutaneous, foot-pad and intra-articular. These groups were followed sequentially to study: pathological changes in the hock joints and liver; cloacal virus shedding and the presence of virus in hock joints; serological responses as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel precipitation (AGP) and virus neutralization tests. All 4 infected groups developed arthritis or tenosynovitis with synovial hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration. Foot-pad and intra-articular routes of infection were found to advance the disease process by 2 to 3 weeks after infection by these routes were associated with superficial degenerative changes in articular cartilage. Antibodies were detected at 2 to 3 weeks p.i. by all 3 methods, but there were no significant differences between the patterns of serological response in the infected groups. Injection into the foot-pad appears to be the most convenient and effective parenteral route of experimental infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence and pathology of helminth parasites in domestic ducks of Bangladesh.

Parasitism in waterfowl is a very common phenomenon. Two detailed check lists of helminth parasites of waterfowl are available (Lapage, 1961; McDonald, 1969) and many of these parasites are reported to occur in domestic ducks. However, the pathological significance of most of them is unclear. In a preliminary study, Qadir (1979) recorded 13 species of helminths from domestic ducks of Bangladesh. The present paper reports on the prevalence and pathological effects of helminth infections in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Bangladesh under natural conditions and on their incidence in two age and sex groups of ducks.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Direct liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite using a chiral alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column.

A 10-cm long alpha 1-acid glycoprotein column is used for the enantiomeric resolution of the clinically used racemic aminoglutethimide (+/- AG) and its acetylated metabolite (+/- AAG). A direct liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite is accomplished without any derivatizations. Maximum resolutions of 1.37 and 0.73 are obtained for the enantiomers of aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite, respectively. The effect of the 2-propanol content in mobile phase on retention and enantioselectivity of aminoglutethimide and its acetylated metabolite is demonstrated. The variation of the separation factors (alpha) with pH in enantiomeric separation of aminoglutethimide is also shown.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1987

Single dose tetracycline in cholera.

A randomised clinical trial was carried out to explore the efficacy of single dose tetracycline therapy in cholera. One hundred and eighteen adult patients were assigned to receive either tetracycline in a single 1 g, or a single 2 g dose, or tetracycline 500 mg every six hours four times, or no antibiotics as controls. The means of total liquid stool volumes after treatment were lower in the single 1 g dose group (168.0 +/- 20.9 ml/kg), in single 2 g dose group (229.5 +/- 45.6 ml/kg), and multiple dose group (214 +/- 28.5 ml/kg), than in the control group (499.1 +/- 56.5 ml/kg) (p less than 0.05). Similarly, the means of durations of diarrhoea and intravenous fluid requirements were significantly lower in the single dose and multiple dose tetracycline groups, than in the controls (p less than 0.05). The mean durations of excretion of Vibrio cholerae were significantly shortened from 3.9 +/- 0.2 days in the control group to 1.9 +/- 0.2 days in single 1 g dose, to 2.2 +/- 0.4 days in single 2 g dose and 1.3 +/- 0.1 days in multiple dose groups, respectively (p less than 0.05). Three patients in the single 1 g dose group and two patients in single 2 g dose group had clinical relapses with excretion of V cholerae during the relapses, but this was not significantly more frequent than that in the multiple dose group (p greater than 0.05). These findings suggest that although multiple dose tetracycline therapy remains the best choice, a single dose of either 1 g or 2 g tetracycline appears to be a reasonable alternative for the treatment of cholera as an adjunct to rehydration therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in Bangladesh.

The cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. Children under 5 years comprised 74% of the patients. Diarrhoeal pathogens were identified as Shigella spp. in 27%, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 17%, Entamoeba histolytica in 16%, Campylobacter jejuni in 12%, Salmonella spp. in 4%, Vibrio cholerae in 4%, and Giardia lambliain 4% of cases. The most frequent underlying causes of death were colitis in 44% and pneumonia in 38%. The most frequent immediate causes of death were septicaemia in 27%, hypoglycaemia in 9%, and hypokalaemia in 9%; multiple causes of death were present in 89% of cases. Kwashiorkor or marasmus was present in 59% and fatty degeneration of the liver was detected in 61% of cases. It is concluded that, in susceptible children, diarrhoeal pathogens produce destructive inflammation in the intestine and cause death or contribute to it by provoking disease in other tissues, especially septicaemia and fatty liver, or by combining these effects with antecedent or concomitant conditions, especially pneumonia and malnutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effective treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration with an oral rehydration solution containing citrate.

To compare the clinical efficacy of oral rehydration salts (ORS) from effervescent tablets containing citrate with the WHO recommended ORS for the treatment of dehydration due to acute diarrhoea, a randomized clinical trial was carried out in 57 adults and 58 children. These patients had mild or moderate degrees of dehydration and acidosis due to acute watery diarrhoea that was caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 43-47% of the cases. Efficacies were compared by measuring oral fluid intake, stool output, gain in body weight, decrease in serum specific gravity and correction of acidosis during treatment. Successful rehydration and maintenance of hydration was achieved in 25 adults and 24 children treated with citrate containing ORS and 25 adults and 24 children treated with WHO ORS. The mean intake of ORS/kg body weight in children receiving WHO ORS was greater (p less than 0.05) and correction of acidosis was faster than the citrate group during the initial 24 h of therapy (p less than 0.05). By 48 h, however, both groups showed satisfactory and comparable intake of ORS and correction of acidosis. Thus ORS from effervescent tablets containing sodium citrate base is effective for management of diarrhoea in both adults and children and is a convenient stable form of ORS for use in the home and for travelers.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1986

A randomized double blind trial of aspirin versus placebo in cholera and non-cholera diarrhoea.

A randomized double blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with cholera and 18 patients with severe non-cholera diarrhoea, to study the antisecretory effect of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). The criteria for selection of patients was a stool output of 4 ml/kg per hour over 6 hours of baseline observation. On inclusion into the study, the groups were comparable in sex, age, body weight, duration of diarrhoea and severity of dehydration. Aspirin and placebo (starch) were given by mouth in doses of 25 mg/kg/day for 24 hours in four equally divided doses. Fourteen patients with cholera and 10 with non-cholera diarrhoea received aspirin and the others received placebo. The aspirin and the placebo groups did not differ in their rate of stool output. The results suggest that aspirin in the above mentioned dose has no antisecretory activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Can potassium citrate replace sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride of oral rehydration solution?

Ninety four children aged less than 5 years with diarrhoeal dehydration and acidosis were treated randomly with either World Health Organisation (WHO) oral rehydration solution containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and glucose or an oral solution with tripotassium citrate monohydrate replacing the sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride in the WHO solution. Fifty five children (58%) were hypokalaemic (potassium less than 3.5 mmol/l) on admission. All but two in the citrate group were successfully treated. There were no significant differences in rehydration solution intake, stool output, gain in body weight, and fall in plasma specific gravity and haematocrit between the two treatment groups after 48 hours' treatment. Significant improvement in the serum potassium concentration was observed in the hypokalaemic children receiving potassium citrate solution compared with children receiving WHO solution after 24 and 48 hours' treatment. None developed hyperkalaemia. Although children receiving potassium citrate solution corrected their acidosis at a slower rate than the WHO solution group during the first 24 hours, by 48 hours satisfactory correction was observed in all. Tripotassium citrate can safely replace sodium bicarbonate and potassium chloride and may be the most useful and beneficial treatment for diarrhoea and associated hypokalaemia.

Acidosis↗