Human blood monocytes (BM) were stimulated with various immune modulators in short-term cultures. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TAcP) activity was demonstrated with an enzyme cytochemical method. Other members of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), such as peritoneal (PM) and alveolar macrophages (AM), were also tested. Unstimulated BM and physiologic functional forms of macrophages, with the exception of AM, were invariably TAcP negative. On appropriate stimulation, particularly with media containing lymphokines, cultured BM became TAcP positive. The results suggest that TAcP is an inducible differentiation marker that indicates transformation of monocytes into cells belonging to a distinct subset of the MPS.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myofibroblast as a major cellular constituent of villous stroma in human placenta.

The human placenta requires contractile structures to generate energy for blood propulsion. Smooth muscle cells are not present in significant numbers in the human placenta while fibroblasts lack effective contractile properties. This study provides the following evidence that the stromal cells of the placental villi, cotyledonary septa and perivascular connective tissue are myofibroblasts. (I) Stromal cells are strongly positive for dipeptidylpeptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) which occurs exclusively in myofibroblasts as far as connective tissue cells are concerned. (2) The isoenzyme pattern of the placental dipeptidylpeptidase IV is identical to that of myofibroblasts in palmar fibromatosis on isoelectric focusing. (3) Antibodies raised against isolated placental dipeptidylpeptidase IV cross-react with dipeptidylpeptidase IV from myofibroblasts of palmar fibromatosis as shown by immunohistochemistry. (4) On electron microscopic examination, stromal cells present all the ultrastructural features of myofibroblasts. It is concluded that, except for the vascular component and a negligible number of Hofbauer cells, myofibroblasts make up nearly all the cellular constituents of human placental villous stroma.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Rupture of the Achilles tendon and type II hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP)].

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Achilles Tendon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resident human peritoneal macrophages: a monocytic cell line.

Experiments were devised to clarify the cellular origin of human peritoneal macrophages. As a cell marker, the specific isoenzyme pattern of acid esterase was studied in separated normal blood cells and resident (sessile) peritoneal macrophages using isoelectric focusing. The enzyme pattern of peritoneal macrophages differed from that of all blood cells with the exception of blood monocytes. They showed all five specific monocytic isoenzymes in addition to two further bands. The results show that resident peritoneal macrophages, like exudate peritoneal macrophages, are derived from blood monocytes.

Acetylesterase↗