Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M R Raffe.
Agonist-antagonists are attractive because of their availability and absence of strict regulation. They do provide effective analgesia in many cases, and they are cost-effective. Incomplete analgesia can be noted in moderate to severe pain. Cardiopulmonary depression may be noted following agonist-antagonist administration. Interference with coadministered opiate agents may occur.
Qualitative anesthesia is an effective, time-honored, familiar, and simple technique for maintaining general anesthesia. There is no reason to change.
Because the risks associated with fluid administration are small, but the effects of fluid withdrawal during anesthesia can be significant, routine fluids should be considered in all cases in which general anesthesia exceeds 45 minutes.
By using these guidelines, we have safely anesthetized high-risk liver patients with minimal complications. By understanding the consequences of the underlying disease, prudent selection of agents that use alternate methods of excretion, careful perioperative support and management, and close observation during the postoperative period, the liver disease patient may be safely anesthetized with minimal complications.
To assess administration of inhaled anesthesia during high-frequency oscillation, we evaluated the performance of a high-frequency oscillator that permitted incorporation of a precision vaporizer. The ventilator design used a single gas source for both vaporizer circuit and ventilatory support. The performance was evaluated in conjunction with a test lung device. The vaporizer performance was accurate when high-frequency, low-volume gas flow was used to provide source gas for the vaporizer. The ventilator provided accurate halothane delivery to the test lung device. Based on the results of this study, inhaled anesthesia can be accurately administered in conjunction with high-frequency oscillation. A single gas source that transverses the vaporizer before breathing circuit entrainment is critical for accurate results.
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High doses of Innovar-Vet administered im induced pathologic changes in tissues at the site of drug deposition. The onset and extent of the changes were dose related. Distal self-mutilation occurred coincidentally to the peak of pathologic changes in the ischiatic nerve.
Twenty-five percent, 50%, and 67% nitrous oxide was administered to 12 horses anesthetized with halothane and oxygen. Compared to halothane-oxygen alone, there was no significant difference in heart rate, systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure values, arterial pH, PaCO2, or plasma bicarbonate values when nitrous oxide was included. A significant linear reduction in PaO2 values could be correlated with N2O:O2 concentrations. The halothane level required to maintain surgical anesthesia was reduced when nitrous oxide was administered, but it was not affected by changing the nitrous oxide concentrations. Nitrous oxide concentrations greater than 25% provide no additional reduction in halothane requirement and may be accompanied by PaO2 values that pose risk to the horse.
Blood gas values were compared in blood collected from cut toenails and femoral arteries in 50 healthy crossbred dogs that were sedated and allowed to breathe room air spontaneously. Blood samples from cut toenails were collected by microcapillary technique with Natelson tubes. Femoral artery samples were collected by arterial puncture. Blood values for PO2, PCO2, pH, and HCO3 were compared. There was good correlation for pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate, but not for PO2. Microcapillary samples should be collected in 10 seconds or less for the most accurate results. A metal mixing "flea" was unnecessary. When properly handled, the Natelson tube technique provides an alternative method for collection of blood gas samples.