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Biomedical subjects

M R Sanchez

Publications and source records attributed to M R Sanchez.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of aspirin or basic amino acids on collagen cross-links and complications in NIDDM.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if long-term therapy with aspirin or basic amino acids for subjects with NIDDM reduces the severity of clinical complications and/or reduces tissue levels of markers of glycooxidative damage. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects with NIDDM were administered either aspirin (100 mg/day) or a combination of basic amino acids consisting of L-arginine (2 g/day) plus L-lysine (0.5 g/day) for 1 year. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. The presence and severity of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were assessed in all subjects at 4-month intervals, as were serum blood glucose, glycohemoglobin levels, and presence of albuminuria. Collagen cross-linking and collagen glycation were measured in skin collagen obtained by biopsy at the beginning and the end of the study. Skin biopsies were also obtained from age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: Skin samples obtained from NIDDM subjects at the beginning of the study had significantly increased levels of glucitolyllysine, pentosidine, and hydroxypyridinium, as compared with age-matched control subjects. Pentosidine levels were significantly correlated with severity of retinopathy and neuropathy, but not nephropathy. Subjects receiving aspirin, but not amino acids or placebo, had significantly decreased levels of skin pentosidine after 1 year of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that 1) low-dose aspirin may reduce glycooxidative damage in people with NIDDM, and 2) treatment may need to continue for more than 1 year before clinical status improves.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Zygomycosis and HIV infection.

The severe immunosuppression associated with HIV infection increases susceptibility to opportunistic fungi. We describe a primary gangrenous cutaneous infection caused by Rhizopus arrhizus in an HIV-infected intravenous narcotic user. In addition, we review nine reported cases of zygomycosis in HIV-infected patients and discuss the frequency and outcome of zygomycosis in HIV infection. Eight of 10 patients were intravenous drug users. Cutaneous infection occurred in four patients. Another case was associated with drug-induced neutropenia. With treatment, 60% of the patients recovered. HIV-induced immunosuppression rarely predisposes to zygomycosis except in intravenous drug users or persons with other risk factors for this fungal infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Antibody response to Plasmodium vivax antigens in human malaria.

The present study investigated the serum antibody response to parasite antigens involved in human Plasmodium vivax malaria. Analysis was performed by protein immunoblotting of a pool of P. vivax preparations obtained from blood of patients from Tapachula, Chiapas (southeastern Mexico), and sera from local malarious patients. Patient sera recognized 19 P. vivax antigens with molecular sizes between 17 and 170 kD. The most frequently recognized antigens were proteins of 19, 31, 43, 72, 93, and 97 kD. These proteins could be useful in diagnostic methods and possibly relevant in vaccine design.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Antigenic characterization of Plasmodium vivax with monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against Plasmodium vivax obtained from patients living in southeastern Mexico, where P. vivax malaria is endemic. Nine hybridomas specific for this parasite were obtained. By an indirect immunofluorescence assay, seven antibodies were found to react with epitopes present in the cytoplasm of the infected erythrocyte and two with the parasite itself. By immunoblotting, five monoclonal antibodies reacted with a 17-kD protein band, three with an 85-kD band, and two with one of 45 kD. By immunogold electron microscopy, two antibodies that reacted with the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes by immunofluorescence also labeled cytoplasmic clefts, and one, in addition, recognized caveola-vesicle complexes and the parasite matrix. These results demonstrate the value of monoclonal antibodies in identifying P. vivax antigens and disclosing their subcellular distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Infectious syphilis.

Optimistic predictions about the extinction of syphilis have proven to be premature. During the beginning of the decade, the reported numbers of infectious syphilis cases were the highest in 40 years. Despite numerous publications about syphilis, the disease continues to challenge clinicians with its protean cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Co-infection with the human immunodeficiency virus does not appear to significantly influence the stage at presentation, clinical course or serologic positivity in most patients, but coinfected patients may be at risk of developing neurosyphilis and late complications even after administration of adequate treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Retinoid hepatitis.

A 65-year-old woman treated with etretinate for pityriasis rubra pilaris developed chronic active hepatitis. The elevated transaminases were noted 2 months after initiation of therapy and peaked 2 months after discontinuation of etretinate. The spectrum of liver toxicity induced by etretinate is reviewed. We suggest that reported cases of retinoid-induced liver disease can be divided into four distinct categories: nonspecific reactive hepatitis, acute hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and severe fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Incidence of alopecia areata in lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: A small percentage of patients with alopecia areata have connective diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma. Lupus erythematosus is associated with a number of different types of alopecia, but the incidence of alopecia areata in lupus erythematosus has not been examined. OBSERVATIONS: Of our cohort of 39 patients with lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata developed in 10% (four patients), in contrast to 0.42% of general dermatologic patients. Biopsy specimens of alopecia areata lesions in each of our patients showed continuous granular deposition of IgG at the dermoepidermal junction, a finding usually found in only a minority of alopecia areata cases. Intralesional injections of corticosteroids were effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of alopecia areata in patients with lupus erythematosus is increased. Recognition of this form of alopecia allows for specific therapy with intralesional corticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The cutaneous manifestations of violence and poverty.

BACKGROUND: Violence is a public health issue that disproportionately affects the poor. Homelessness, drug abuse, and physical violence are seen with increasing frequency in poor communities. This article reviews the cutaneous manifestations of violence and the dermatologic problems commonly seen in the homeless. Particular emphasis is placed on the experience of municipal hospitals serving the urban poor. OBSERVATIONS: Dermatologic diseases are common in the homeless, and foot-related problems such as cellulitis and pyodermas are frequent causes of hospitalization. Unusual patterns of scarring and bruises in different stages of healing are seen in victims of physical violence. Trauma and sexually transmitted diseases result from sexual abuse. Serious skin infection and self-mutilating scarring are seen in intravenous drug abusers. CONCLUSION: Dermatologists are able to diagnose and treat the many skin problems seen in the poor and to identify the physical manifestations of abuse during routine skin examination. Findings of violence should be documented and reported to the appropriate investigational agencies.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Characteristics of bombesin-induced inhibition of intake of ethanol.

The temporal and neural dependencies of the inhibitory effect of the administration of bombesin tetradecapeptide (BBS) on the intake of ethanol were assessed in the water-deprived rat. Variation of the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of neuropeptide--5% ethanol access interval (0-20 min), revealed that suppression induced by bombesin (0.5-4.0 micrograms/kg) was significantly greater and more potent at shorter intervals. The intake of ethanol was less in rats with subdiaphragmatic vagotomies, but bombesin equivalently suppressed the intake. Intracerebroventricular injection of bombesin more potently and completely inhibited the intake of ethanol but bombesin injected intraventricularly, unlike that given intraperitoneally, elicited excessive grooming and scratching behavior. The suppressant effect of bombesin, given intraperitoneally, requires close temporal contiguity of administration and caloric solution access, which is consistent with a satiety action of a neuropeptide. This satiation effect to ethanol of peripherally administered bombesin appears to reflect a non-vagal, extra-ventricular neural action.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Cholecystokinin antagonizes morphine induced hypoactivity and hyperactivity in hamsters.

Three experimental replications were used to test the effects of three doses (25, 50 or 75 micrograms/kg) of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on morphine induced changes in activity. For each dose of CCK-8, running wheel activity of golden Syrian hamsters was monitored for three hours following a series of two injections. The first injection consisted of either saline or CCK-8, the second of either saline or morphine sulfate (15 mg/kg). Thus, in each replication four groups were created: Group SAL/SAL (n = 8) received two saline injections, Group CCK/SAL (n = 8) an injection of CCK-8 followed by an injection of saline, Group SAL/MS (n = 8) an injection of saline followed by an injection of morphine and Group CCK/MS (n = 8) an injection of CCK-8 followed by an injection of morphine. Results indicated that a 25 micrograms/kg dose of CCK-8 blocked the hypoactivity elicited by morphine 40-60 min after opiate injection, whereas a 75 micrograms/kg dose of CCK-8 blocked the hyperactivity elicited by morphine 80-100 min after opiate injection. These findings are consistent with previous reports that CCK-8 antagonizes the effects of opiate agonists on a variety of behaviors and is supportive of the hypothesis that endogenous CCK-8 may antagonize endogenous opioid peptides in the control of behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study of endralazine and captopril in essential hypertension: effect on renin levels, pulmonary function studies and lipid profile.

A comparative study of the effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and endralazine, a new vasodilator drug, were performed in a group of 20 homogeneous patients with moderate hypertension (WHO: phase I and II). Both drugs produced a marked (p less than 0.001) decrease in mean arterial pressure, but the drop in blood pressure levels and the percentage of patients free of side-effects (p less than 0.001) were greater in patients treated with endralazine. Neither drug affected the lipid profile, nor pulmonary function tests and both increased significantly (p less than 0.001) plasma renin activity levels. The results of this study suggest that both drugs may be recommended for the treatment of hypertensive asthmatic patients, but endralazine should be preferred as first-choice drug, due to its lower incidence of side-effects and higher hypotensive effect obtained with the administration of a lower daily dosage.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Bombesin and litorin inhibit ethanol intake.

Twenty-three hr water-deprived rats received access to 5% ethanol solution for 30 min daily. Intraperitoneal injection of bombesin (4.0-16.0 micrograms/kg) or litorin (16.0 micrograms/kg) significantly inhibited ethanol intake. Litorin (32.0 micrograms/kg) equivalently suppressed the intakes of 5% ethanol and 8.9% dextrose solutions. The results are consistent with previous reports that administration of bombesin-like peptides selectively inhibits caloric intake in the rat. Injection of bombesin-like peptides may affect ethanol and dextrose intake by eliciting a satiety signal that governs caloric intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗