Biomedical subjects

M R Ulm

Publications and source records attributed to M R Ulm.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Antenatal depiction of fetal digits with three-dimensional ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of three-dimensional ultrasonography in visualizing fetal digits was examined. STUDY DESIGN: The digits of 72 fetuses, including 2 with skeletal dysplasia, were examined prospectively with both conventional and three-dimensional ultrasonography. RESULTS: Complete visualization of all fetal digits was obtained more often with three-dimensional ultrasonography than with two-dimensional ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional ultrasonography has the potential to facilitate depiction of fetal digits, which may enhance prenatal identification of fetal malformations and chromosomal abnormalities in high-risk pregnancies.

Female↗

PubMed1996

[When children "have children"--reproduction biological problems in girls between 11 and 15 years of age].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the obstetric risk in pregnant adolescents under 16 years of age. From July 1, 1970 to June 30, 1993, 188 girls aged 11-15 years were delivered at the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vienna; 4569 primiparous women between 20 and 24 years with singleton pregnancies served as a control group. No significant differences between the two groups were found for the frequency of pregnancy-induced hypertension (2.1% vs. 3.5%), premature delivery rates (24.4% vs. 29.8%), percentage of babies weighing less than 2500 g (10.1% vs. 9.1%), mean birthweight (3082 g vs. 3117 g), frequency of intrauterine growth retardation (2.1% vs. 2.4%) and malformations (1.6% vs. 3.1%) and perinatal mortality to the end of the first week (1.1% vs. 0.5%). Adolescent mothers were found to have more spontaneous deliveries (85.1% vs. 74.9% in the control group, p < 0.005), lower Caesarean section rates (6.4% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.05) and fewer babies with a birthweight exceeding 4000 g (1.1% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05). For the first time, the pregnancy outcome of European adolescents was studied over a period of 23 years. We conclude on the basis of our results that maternal and neonatal risk in mothers under 16 years of age does not exceed the obstetric risk in adult mothers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Does the risk of complications after amniocentesis depend on the indications for intervention? An evaluation of 2,066 punctures].

Data from 2066 amniocenteses were analysed retrospectively to test the hypothesis whether the indications for amniocentesis influence the risk of post-procedural complications. Compared to the reference group of 35-39 year-old gravidae, the complication rates were similar in women with a previous child with chromosomal abnormality, in cases with maternal disease, abnormal biochemical markers, maternal anxiety, and translocation carriers. If the maternal age was 40 years and over, only the percentage of pregnancy terminations for fetal abnormalities was higher than in the reference group; high parental age was associated with a significantly decreased fetal loss rate. In the group of amniocenteses performed for sonographic evidence of fetal malformation, the highest total complication rates and the highest fetal loss rates were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Sonographic depiction of fetal tooth germs.

Recently, sonography of the fetal face has gained increasing importance in prenatal diagnosis. It is not yet clear whether sonographic depiction of fetal tooth germs would have an influence on the prenatal diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes. During routine malformation screening, horizontal sections of fetal jaws were visualized and examined for tooth germs in 124 pregnant women following sonographic 'facing'. Histological jaw sections of fetuses that had died in utero at various gestational ages were produced in order to examine the degree of correspondence between the sonographic and histological findings. At least four tooth germs were found in the jaws of all fetuses between 19 and 34 gestational weeks (n = 104). Although jaw visualization was possible between 14 and 18 gestational weeks (n = 20), the exact number and location of the tooth germs could not be determined. Assessment of tooth germs may become increasingly important, as aplasia of the tooth germs is one of the principal signs of various hereditary ectodermal diseases.

Anodontia↗

PubMed1995

Umbilical arteries of babies born to cigarette smokers generate less prostacyclin and contain less arginine and citrulline compared with those of babies born to control subjects.

OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis of this study was that umbilical arteries of babies born to smoking mothers produce less nitric oxide and prostacyclin than do those of nonsmoking mothers. STUDY DESIGN: L-Arginine, L-citrulline, L-cysteine, and prostacyclin were measured in the umbilical arteries of 11 babies born to smoking mothers and 16 infants born to nonsmoking controls. The concentrations in the two groups were compared with the modified t test. RESULTS: The generation of prostacyclin was reduced in the umbilical arteries of infants of smoking mothers. Similarly, L-arginine and L-citrulline, but not L-cysteine levels, in these arteries were suppressed compared with those of the nonsmoking controls. CONCLUSION: Along with the known direct vasoconstrictive effect of nicotine, nitric oxide and prostacyclin deficiency may affect the uteroplacental blood flow and contribute to the impaired fetal nutrition and increased perinatal mortality of babies born to women who smoke.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal tooth anlagen and their histologic correlates].

AIM: The present study was to examine the radiographic and histologic correlation of the respective ultrasonographic findings. METHODS: Histologic examinations were performed in 12 fetuses who had died in utero between 16 and 34 weeks of gestation. The fetuses had been examined by intrauterine sonography for tooth germs and had been subjected to additional radiographic examinations post abortum or partum. During autopsy, the tooth germs were again examined sonographically and radiographically, and non-decalcified histological sections were obtained by means of the sawing and grinding technique. RESULTS: The results obtained by histologically examining the 12 fetal jaws in the ultrasonic plane corresponded in all cases to those examined by sonography and radiology. CONCLUSION: Sonographic proof of tooth germs might gain increasing importance in future because agenesia of tooth germs is one of the principal signs of a variety of hereditary syndromes, particularly those of ectodermal origin.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗

PubMed1995

[Prenatal diagnosis of isolated, unilateral anophthalmia].

Report on prenatal sonographic diagnosis of an isolated, unilateral anophthalmia. In the 27th week of gestation, unilateral anophthalmia without associated malformations was demonstrated in a fetus with male karyotype. The boy was delivered at 39 weeks' gestation. Post partum evaluation confirmed prenatal diagnosis. The child is developing normally to date.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Epidural anaesthesia in labour: influence on surgical delivery rates, intrapartum fever and blood loss.

We retrospectively analyzed 7,317 fully documented deliveries to assess the effect of epidural anaesthesia (EA) on surgical delivery rates, on the incidence of intrapartum fever and on peripartal blood loss. 1,056 (14.4%) had EA and 6,261 (85.6%) had no or other analgesia. The use of EA was associated with a decreased spontaneous delivery rate (50.0 vs. 79.2%), increased forceps delivery rate (30.7 vs. 4.0%) and increased vacuum extraction rate (3.5 vs. 0.7%). The caesarean section rate was not significantly changed in patients with EA (14.4 vs. 13.0%). Fever greater than 38 degrees C during labour and intrapartum haemorrhage exceeding 500 ml were associated with the use of EA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Electro- versus laser surgery for conservative laparoscopic revision of tubal pregnancies].

The objective of this study was to determine possible benefits of carbon dioxide laser over electrosurgical usage in conservative laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancies (EP). 41 ectopic pregnancies managed by laparoscopic surgery were analysed retrospectively in regard to operation time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications. No significant differences between both groups were observed. According to our data no advantage of the CO2 laser over electrosurgery in the conservative laparoscopic management of EP's could be demonstrated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Radiation-induced vascular damage.

A 55-year-old male underwent detailed angiological and biochemical investigation because his daughter suffered from myocardial infarction in the 29th gestational week. An inborn familial plasma factor defect and increased Lp(a) were detected. Localized vascular changes were found in the right femoral artery while the resting vascular system was normal. Anamnestic data revealed a testicular cancer and therapeutic irradiation in that area (5000 rad) 12 years ago.

Biological Factors↗

PubMed1994

Sex-related changes in the bone mineral content of atrophic mandibles.

In 25 edentulous anatomical mandible specimens (15 female, age range 69-90 years; 10 male, age range 68-88 years), the bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and analyzed in a standardized area of the mandibular body. The results of our BMC examinations showed that there was a significant difference (P = 0.05) between the two sexes. Another notable fact was that, with advancing age, the values measured in the male mandibles tended to increase slightly but in a statistically significant way. Those of the female mandibles tended to decrease with age. A possible explanation for this observation may be derived from the fact that a reduction of the mandibular height leads to a reduction of the moment of resistance. As functional adaptation in order to preserve the stability of the atrophic body of the mandible, the amount of inner cortical bone of the male mandibles increases, leading to a reduction of the cancellous portion. In the mandibles of women, postmenopausal osteoporosis seems to prevent an analogous compensation mechanism.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Twenty-four cordocenteses in one woman.

We report on 2 consecutive pregnancies in a woman with a history of neonatal death secondary to Rhesus alloimmunization. Her first subsequent pregnancy was complicated by fetal hydrops at 20 weeks of gestation. The fetus received a total of 11 intrauterine transfusions, and was delivered at 38 weeks. In the patient's next pregnancy, the fetus developed hydrops at 18 weeks of gestation. Thirteen intrauterine transfusions were given to correct fetal anemia, and a healthy baby was delivered at 38 weeks of gestational age. Continuation of intravascular transfusion therapy may represent a reasonable alternative to selective premature delivery even in cases with highly aggressive maternal Rhesus alloimmunization.

Adult↗