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M R Wick

Publications and source records attributed to M R Wick.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Avidin-biotin-peroxidase-antiperoxidase (ABPAP) complex. An immunocytochemical method with enhanced sensitivity.

The avidin-biotin-peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method (ABPAP) of immunohistochemistry employs the sequential application of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technics. To assess the efficacy of ABPAP in the detection of cellular antigens and to compare its utility with that of protease digestion technics, the authors studied cytokeratin (CK) reactivity in six examples each of colon, prostate, and breast cancer and Leu-M1 reactivity in five ductal breast carcinomas. ABC, PAP and ABPAP were applied to these cases alone and in combination with prior pepsin digestion of deparaffinized sections. With respect to the number of cells that stained and their intensity in each case, there was significant enhancement of CK and Leu-M1 reactivity with ABPAP, as compared with ABC and PAP when pepsin digestion was not employed. Further, ABPAP provided undigested CK staining results comparable to those seen with the use of ABC or PAP with pepsin digestion. Protease treatment was uniformly detrimental to the visualization of Leu-M1, regardless of the method employed. In summary, ABPAP was clearly superior to ABC and PAP in all settings analyzed. It may prove to be useful adjunct in the immunohistochemical visualization of tissue antigens, when more routine technics yield suboptimal results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Sweat gland carcinoma ex eccrine spiradenoma.

We herein report two cases of sweat gland carcinoma that arose in association with eccrine spiradenoma. These lesions presented as enlarging masses that previously had been stable for many years. One produced widespread metastasis and death 5 months after diagnosis. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated an antigenic relationship between the benign and malignant components of sweat gland carcinoma ex eccrine spiradenoma, but ultrastructural analyses showed a paucity of specialized differentiation. This neoplasm appears to display a range of microscopic appearances and has proven fatal in 20% of reported cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Three immunostaining techniques for the localization of leukocyte common antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded dermatological biopsy specimens.

Although leukocyte common antigen is a valuable discriminant between lymphoreticular proliferations and other histologically similar neoplasms, several publications have described difficulties in adequately labeling this determinant in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. We studied 662 paraffinized cutaneous and noncutaneous neoplasms for the presence of leukocyte common antigen, using an extended avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method, a combined ABC-peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, and a biotin-strept-avidin procedure. Each of the three immunohistochemical techniques produced effective results in the detection of leukocyte common antigen in all malignant lymphomas, but none of them produced false-positive staining in nonhematopoietic lesions. These results suggest that antibodies to leukocyte common antigen are highly specific and that the methods employed in this study allow for excellent diagnostic sensitivity in the recognition of cutaneous lymphomas.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Placental alkaline phosphatase immunoreactivity in testicular germ-cell neoplasms.

We analyzed the sensitivity of a polyclonal antibody to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in labelling testicular germ-cell neoplasms, by utilizing the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. The immunoreactivity of 89 germ-cell tumors for PLAP was as follows: 98% of cases with seminomatous elements were PLAP-positive; 97% of embryonal carcinomas and 85% of endodermal sinus tumors also showed reactivity. Cytotrophoblastic cells were focally immunoreactive in one of two cases with choriocarcinomatous elements. Staining for PLAP was strongest and most diffuse in seminomas. Intratubular germ-cell neoplasia (ITGCN) or carcinoma in situ was present in 53 (84%) of 63 specimens that had adjacent seminiferous tubules available for evaluation; PLAP was demonstrated in 98% of these. In addition, the germ-cell elements in 11 gonadoblastomas were immunoreactive for PLAP. One of 17 cases of undescended testes had ITGCN that was also strongly immunoreactive, but the remaining 16 cases were negative. Five dysgenetic gonads without ITGCN were studied, and one was immunoreactive for PLAP. Three testicular biopsy specimens from infertile men without ITGCN were PLAP-negative. Our findings indicate that PLAP is a highly sensitive marker for seminomas, for the majority of embryonal carcinomas and endodermal sinus tumors of the testis, and for ITGCN.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A light-microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study of 12 cases.

The clinicopathologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features of 12 small cell undifferentiated carcinomas (SCUCs) of the urinary bladder are herein reported. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 82 years (median, 76 years). Ten patients were male and two were female. Gross hematuria was the most frequent complaint (67%). Five patients died of disease (median survival, 4 months), three patients are still living with unresectable disease after 6, 10, and 12 months, and four patients were only recently diagnosed. Grossly, most of the tumors were large polypoid masses. On light-microscopic examination, they resembled the intermediate and oat cell variants of pulmonary SCUC. Eight SCUC were associated with other forms of in situ or invasive carcinoma, including transitional cell carcinoma (seven cases), adenocarcinoma (three cases), squamous cell carcinoma (three cases), spindle cell carcinoma (one case), and atypical carcinoid tumor (one case). Immunocytochemically, 11 of the 12 tumors expressed one or more epithelial cell markers (epithelial membrane antigen, human milk fat globule protein-2, cytokeratin). Eleven of the 12 SCUCs were also positive for one or more neuroendocrine markers (neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, Leu-7, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, serotonin). Electron microscopy performed on seven tumors demonstrated dense-core granules (150-250 nm) in all cases, with tonofilaments in four cases, dendrite-like processes in two cases, and intercellular lumina in one case. The clinicopathologic features of 18 previously reported SCUC of the urinary bladder are also reviewed. SCUC arising in this location is an aggressive neoplasm that often demonstrates multidirectional differentiation, including the frequent but not invariable expression of neuroendocrine features.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Intermediate trophoblast in germ cell neoplasms.

One-hundred-twenty-four germ cell tumors and 11 gestational choriocarcinomas were assessed immunohistochemically for the presence of the following placental markers: human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, and pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein, and for the expression of cytokeratin. A total of 40 cases contained syncytial trophoblastic cells, large mononuclear cells, or both. These cases included all gestational choriocarcinomas and choriocarcinomatous foci in 11 mixed germ cell tumors, 14 embryonal carcinomas, and four seminomas. Syncytial trophoblastic cells reactive for cytokeratin were identified in all choriocarcinomas, 12 embryonal carcinomas, and two seminomas. Human placental lactogen-reactive syncytial trophoblastic cells were observed in nine gestational choriocarcinomas, 10 choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors, four embryonal carcinomas, and one seminoma. Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein-reactive syncytial trophoblastic cells were seen in 10 gestational choriocarcinomas, all choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors, 11 embryonal carcinomas, and one seminoma. Cytotrophoblasts, as expected, were identified only in choriocarcinomas. Cytokeratin-reactive cytotrophoblast was seen in all gestational choriocarcinomas and 10 choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors. Human chorionic gonadotrophin-reactive cytotrophoblast was observed in two gestational choriocarcinomas and three choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors. Cytotrophoblast was uniformly nonreactive for human placental lactogen and pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein. Cytokeratin-reactive large mononuclear cells were observed in 10 gestational choriocarcinomas, all choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors, five embryonal carcinomas, and three seminomas. Human placental lactogen-reactive large mononuclear cells were identified in nine gestational choriocarcinomas, seven choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors, one embryonal carcinoma, and one seminoma. Pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein-reactive large mononuclear cells were present in 10 gestational choriocarcinomas, 10 choriocarcinomatous foci in mixed germ cell tumors, two embryonal carcinomas, and two seminomas. Because of morphologic and immunohistochemical similarities of large mononuclear cells with intermediate trophoblast of the normal placenta and gestational trophoblastic neoplasms, we propose that the large mononuclear cells in gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasms are equivalent to the intermediate trophoblast.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma: an histologic and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases.

In an attempt to characterize the immunocytochemical attributes of eccrine sweat gland carcinoma, we studied 32 examples of this tumor with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin (CK), carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, alpha-lactalbumin, salivary amylase, blood group isoantigens, beta-2-microglobulin, and Leu M1. All cases expressed EMA and CK, and 28 of 32 cases also displayed at least 2 of the 6 remaining antigens. No significant variations were noted in the immunophenotypes of histologic subtypes of eccrine carcinoma. These results provide an objective means of diagnostic separation between sweat gland carcinoma and other primary malignant cutaneous tumors. However, they do not appear to correlate with the degree of tumoral differentiation, and are of no assistance in the separation of benign and malignant sudoriferous neoplasms. The ability of immunocytochemical techniques to distinguish between primary malignant adnexal cutaneous tumors and metastases to the skin appears unlikely, but remains to be studied further. Also, the use of immunostaining panels is advised in the study of adnexal carcinomas, since no single determinant in isolation is specific for these neoplasms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

S100 protein immunoreactivity in poorly differentiated carcinomas. Immunohistochemical comparison with malignant melanoma.

This study compares the immunoprofiles of 25 cutaneous and mucosal melanomas with those of 400 poorly differentiated carcinomas, using a polyclonal antiserum to S100 and murine monoclonal antibodies to keratin (KER) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). All malignant melanomas expressed S100 but lacked reactivity for KER and EMA. Conversely, all of 49 carcinomas (12%) that displayed S100 also exhibited positivity for both epithelial markers. The latter group of tumors included 17 carcinomas of the breast, 16 eccrine sweat gland carcinomas, five high-grade salivary glandular adenocarcinomas, four lung cancers, three pancreatic ductal carcinomas, two serous ovarian carcinomas, one clear cell adenocarcinoma of the bladder, and one uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. None of 32 epithelial neoplasms that lacked both KER and EMA (19 testicular seminomas, four hepatocellular carcinomas, eight adrenocortical carcinomas, and one Merkel's cell carcinoma) contained S100 protein. These results suggest that S100 protein is relatively nonspecific as a single immunodeterminant in the diagnostic separation of melanoma and anaplastic carcinoma. The concomitant use of stains for EMA and KER, however, obviates this problem. Finally, since it is somewhat restricted in distribution, S100 reactivity in a known carcinoma may be of some use in predicting possible primary sources for a metastasis of unknown origin.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Immunostaining for leukocyte common antigen using an amplified avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and paraffin sections. A study of 735 hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic human neoplasms.

Antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA) are valuable in surgical pathology in the diagnostic separation of malignant lymphomas from poorly differentiated neoplasms of other types. However, several publications have reported difficulty in obtaining adequate LCA labeling in paraffin-embedded specimens. To assess this problem further, we applied an amplified version of the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure to 315 formaldehyde-fixed hematopoietic malignancies, and 420 nonhematopoietic tumors that had been similarly processed. All non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were LCA-reactive with this method, whereas none of the nonhematopoietic neoplasms were stained. Twelve of 25 cases of Hodgkin's disease displayed LCA-positivity in Reed-Sternberg cells, but all contained reactive, benign inflammatory cells. Hence, the specificity of the amplified anti-LCA/avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was 100%, and its sensitivity was 96%. This procedure should allow surgical pathologists to obtain reliable, reproducible staining of hematopoietic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissues.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Immunoreactivity for Leu-7 in neurofibrosarcoma and other spindle cell sarcomas of soft tissue.

Monoclonal antibodies to Leu-7 have been reported to recognize a constituent of myelin-associated glycoprotein. Because of this, the authors studied 20 cases of neurofibrosarcoma (NFS), 7 of leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 3 of fibrosarcoma (FS), 8 of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), 5 of monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma (MSS), 5 of neurilemmoma, and 5 of neurofibroma for Leu-7 reactivity, to determine its utility in differential diagnosis. Selected examples of each tumor type were also studied ultrastructurally. Leu-7 was compared with the expression of S-100 protein, myelin basic protein, desmin, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen in the 43 neoplasms. Fifteen examples of NFS, 2 of LMS, and 2 of MSS were Leu-7+; 2 neurofibromas and 4 neurilemmomas also demonstrated reactivity with this antibody. In contrast, all cases of FS and MFH were Leu-7-. Synovial sarcomas could be effectively separated from NFS by reactivities for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen in the former, but not the latter, lesions. However, LMSs and NFSs demonstrated significant immunocytochemical overlap, including shared positivity for S-100, desmin, and myelin basic protein in several cases. These results suggest that Leu-7 has restricted utility in immunohistochemical diagnosis, and must be utilized only in concert with other antigens. Moreover, it would appear that in selected instances, smooth-muscle and neurogenic sarcomas must be separated on the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and ultrastructural features alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Nonsecretory parathyroid carcinoma of the mediastinum. Light microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features of a case, and review of the literature.

Nonsecretory parathyroid carcinoma is rare, particularly in extracervical sites. The authors present a case of a 51-year-old man with a large mediastinal mass that was found on a chest x-ray. Light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical analysis of the resected tumor disclosed findings consistent with parathyroid carcinoma. Clinical and laboratory evaluations failed to reveal evidence of hyperparathyroidism. The nonsecretory state of the tumor was further supported by immunoreactivity for parathormone in tissue sections and, at the same time, normal levels of this peptide in serum. Partial shrinkage of the mediastinal mass occurred after 11 months of combined chemotherapy, with subjective improvement. A literature review of both secretory and nonsecretory parathyroid carcinomas was undertaken, revealing similar clinical features with regard to mean age, age range, and sex incidence among both groups.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1986

Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix ("adenoma malignum"). An immunohistochemical comparison with microglandular endocervical hyperplasia and conventional endocervical adenocarcinoma.

In an effort to obtain objective information that would be useful in separating minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) or "adenoma malignum" of the endocervix from benign endocervical glandular proliferations, four cases of MDA were studied immunocytochemically, and compared with seven cases of microglandular endocervical hyperplasia (MEH) and six cases of conventional endocervical adenocarcinoma (ACA). Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and blood group isoantigens A, B, and H (BGI) were used in these analyses. All MDA and ACA were CEA-positive, whereas none of the cases of MEH stained for the presence of this substance. Six of seven examples of MEH expressed appropriate BGI; the remaining case failed to stain for blood group substances. In contrast, six of ten cases of malignant endocervical glandular tumors manifested "inappropriate" expression of BGI, based on the patients' known blood types. These data suggest that immunostains for CEA may be helpful in the diagnostic separation of MDA and MEH. The close biochemical similarity between CEA and BGI is postulated as an explanation for "inappropriate" expression of blood group antigens by malignant endocervical lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Teratoid hepatoblastoma. The nosologic dilemma of solid embryonic neoplasms of childhood.

The presence of divergent tissue, such as bone or osteoid, is a well recognized occurrence in the hepatoblastoma. However, multiple lines of tissue differentiation in a hepatic tumor that had the overall features of hepatoblastoma have recently been observed. During the brief and eventually fatal clinical course in this case, the tumor initially displayed the features of conventional hepatoblastoma, but evolved into a neoplasm with teratoid features, terminally assuming a hepatoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural studies confirmed the various lines of divergent differentiation in this tumor, which the authors chose to designate as a teratoid hepatoblastoma.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1986

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the conjunctiva. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the conjunctiva is a rare lesion, with few previously reported cases. We have observed such a tumor occurring in a 16-year-old girl. The clinical and pathologic entities to be considered in differential diagnosis in such cases are several; in this circumstance, immunohistologic reactivity for desmin and myoglobin (two muscle-related proteins) allows a definitive interpretation of rhabdomyosarcoma to be made. This article documents the clinicopathologic features of the epibulbar rhabdomyosarcoma seen in our patient and discusses the immunocytochemical characteristics of myogenic tumors in general, in the context of ocular neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Synovial sarcoma: ultrastructural study and immunohistochemical analysis by a combined peroxidase-antiperoxidase/avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure.

To analyze the purportedly epithelial features of synovial sarcoma, the antigenic profiles of 20 of these neoplasms (including 12 of the monophasic type) were studied by three different immunohistochemical techniques, and the results were correlated with ultrastructural observations in 10 cases. All of the biphasic tumors were immunoreactive for the epithelial markers epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CK) and also had ultrastructural features of epithelial differentiation. In contrast, only one of five monophasic tumors had electron microscopic features suggestive of epithelial differentiation, but eight of the 12 were immunoreactive for CK or EMA by a procedure combining the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex methods. It is concluded that synovial sarcoma, including the monophasic variant, is a mesenchymal tumor with epithelial features. Immunohistochemical studies are more sensitive than ultrastructural analysis for documenting epithelial differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Concomitant neuropeptide-producing endometrial carcinomas and ileal carcinoid tumors.

The concomitant occurrence of neuropeptide-reactive endometrial carcinoma and ileal carcinoid tumor represents an observation that has been unreported until now. We have seen two patients with this rare combination of tumors. The endometrial carcinomas in these cases manifested focal immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase; in addition, one contained rare cells showing positive staining for gastrin, and the other displayed focal content of substance P. The carcinoid tumors seen in each case demonstrated immunocytochemical positivity for neuron-specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and one also exhibited immunoreactivity for gastrin. Whether this association of neoplasms represents a syndromic complex or a coincidence is a matter of speculation at present.

Aged↗