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Biomedical subjects

M Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to M Rössner.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Clinical trials in dementia with propentofylline.

The mode of action of propentofylline (a xanthine derivative) suggested that it would have beneficial effects in patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia. In four double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies, 901 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and 359 patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia were treated for up to 12 months (daily dose of propentofylline: 3 x 300 mg taken 1 hr before food). Patients were assessed at regular intervals for efficacy and safety of the drug. Efficacy variables covered cognitive and global functions as well as activities of daily living. Propentofylline showed statistically significant, clinically relevant improvements over placebo in efficacy assessments, both in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in patients with vascular dementia. The drug was also well tolerated. It had no significant effects on laboratory findings and the adverse events that were considered to be related to the study medication were mostly minor, transient, and affected the digestive and nervous systems.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1996

HWA 285 (propentofylline)--a new compound for the treatment of both vascular dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type.

The pharmacological profile of HWA 285 favors its use in patients with both Alzheimer's disease (PDD) and/or vascular dementia (MID). Clinical trials showed clinically relevant, statistically significant efficacy in the domains of cognitive function, global function and activities of daily living (ADL) in both PDD and MID. HWA 285 had a prolonged symptomatic effect for at least 12 months, although therapeutic effects were seen already after the first 3 months of treatment. HWA 285 was very well tolerated for at least 1 year.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

The pentoxifylline experience: exercise testing reconsidered.

This paper critically reviews the methodology used in clinical trials in chronic occlusive arterial disease (COAD) stage II (intermittent claudication) patients. The reasons for choosing internationally accepted standard treadmill settings as well as its limitations are discussed. Emphasis is put on the discussion of valid trial endpoints such as hemodynamic surrogates and clinically oriented parameters. Reasons for a spontaneous and treatment-unrelated improvement in claudication distance are elucidated, and variables which may be used for the definition of patient subsamples showing a high frequency of a pronounced treatment response (treatment responder populations) are presented. The magnitude of claudication distance improvement that might be considered clinically relevant is discussed in the light of the European Union guidelines for clinical trials in COAD patients. Results achieved with pentoxifylline are presented in context with all variables mentioned above.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Idiopathic hemochromatosis: association with antigens of the HLA system].

HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 antigens were detected significantly more frequently in a group of 59 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis than in a general population. The haplotype most commonly associated with the disease was A3B7. No differences in disease severity were to be found between homozygotic and heterozygotic carriers of this haplotype and patients with other haplotypes. An increased prevalence was also found for the HLA-A9 antigen. The haplotypes A9B7 and A9B27 were significantly more common among the patients investigated than among the general population.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1988

[HLA typing in Ullrich-Turner syndrome].

33 female patients with established anomaly of gonosomes were examined for the problem of a possible connection of the disease with certain types of HLA. An accumulation of individual specificites of HLA cannot be proved summarizingly; there are no significant differences to the control group. Remarkable and at present not yet to be interpreted is, however, the exclusive occurrence of the HLA-A1 in the 45,X-karyotype and iso-X-chromosomes, which needs further investigations.

Female↗
PubMed1987

On the assessment of the efficacy of pentoxifylline (Trental).

The efficacy of Trental (pentoxifylline) in the treatment of intermittent claudication was evaluated in 14 double-blind randomized studies, involving 475 patients with chronic occlusive vascular disease. In twelve studies which were performed in the USA, different countries of Europe and Australia, a placebo was used as control. Low doses of adenosine or nylidrine respectively, were given to the control groups in the other two studies. A total of 238 patients were allotted to Trental and 237 to the control groups. In most studies, the recommended dosage of Trental was 3 X 400 mg pentoxifylline in sustained release tablets. Twelve of the 14 trials had a duration between 8 and 24 weeks. The efficacy of Trental was established in a reproducible manner through the trial series under different trial designs following the requirements and guidelines from local authorities and medical societies. The number of patients with an improvement in walking distance of more than 100% was four times higher in the Trental group compared with the control group. The superiority of the Trental treatment over the control's persisted also when taking into account risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits and duration of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Penbutolol in hypertension, alone and in combination with furosemide. A long-term multicentre study.

Penbutolol is a new, potent and long-acting non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker which has been evaluated in a 6-month open study of patients with moderate essential or renal hypertension. Eighty-two patients entered the study and 69 completed at least 3 months of treatment. Two-thirds of these showed a good response to penbutolol given alone as a single daily dose of either 40 mg or 80 mg. The major reduction in blood pressure occurred within the first 2 weeks of active therapy. This response was maintained for the entire study period. Blood pressure reduction after penbutolol did not correlate wtih the small reduction in heart rate observed. The remaining patients were treated with a combination of penbutolol and furosemide and most had achieved satisfactory control of their blood pressure by the end of the study. Penbutolol was well tolerated and produced no serious adverse effects. Some patients developed gastro-intestinal side-effects at the beginning of treatment which subsequently resolved. One patient with chronic glomerulonephritis showed a marked deterioration in renal function during the study. This may well have been related to disease progression. No other significant changes in biochemical or haematological parameters were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Long-term treatment of depressive syndromes with Psyton (author's transl)].

23 patients (in-patients and out-patients) with anxious-depressive symptoms were treated orally with the combination drug Psyton (nomifensine/clobazam) up to 6 months. Significant improvement of both anxiety and depression were observed by both the patients' and physician's assessment, particularly during the first month of treatment. Physical examination and laboratory investigations (weight, pulse rate, blood pressure, EKG, ophthalmology, blood and urine analysis, liver function tests) were not influenced by Psyton. Drug tolerance was good, and side effects observed in 39% of the patients were minimal and mainly occurred within 4 weeks after onset of treatment. There was no tendency to physical drug dependence during treatment and during a one-week placebo phase after discontinuation of Psyton. Hence, a long-term treatment of anxious depressive syndromes with this combination drug appears justified without development of drug dependence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Thyroliberin (thyrotropin releasing hormone): antagonism of halothane and hexobarbital narcosis in mice. Comparison with pentetrazol, caffeine, d-amphetamine and adrenaline.

The effect of L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (thyroliberin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH) on halothane and hexobarbital narcosis was investigated in mice and compared with pentetrazol, caffeine, d-amphetamine and adrenaline. TRH shortened dose-dependently the halothane and hexobarbital sleeping-time with ED50 values of 3.1 and 6.6 mg/kg s.c., respectively. The analeptic effect of TRH was superior to all reference compounds in terms of potency, efficacy and drug safety. Due to its ergotropic activity TRH may be a useful aid in anaesthesiology and intensive care.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Problems of mis- and late diagnosis in ankylosing spondylitis].

In 165 patients suffering from spondylitis ankylosans average retardations of the diagnosis of 4.6 years since the first anamnestic references typical for the disease could be established. More than half of 125 patients had already irreversible ankyloses at the time when the diagnosis was made, 9 of them had already an ankylosation in all segments of the spiral column. Apart from objective early diagnostic difficulties which are typical for the disease and retarded consultation of a physician in one third of all retardations of the diagnosis of more than 2 years iatrogenic causes were essential. The differential-diagnostic difficulties existed particularly concerning the delimitation to functional and degenerative vertebragenic syndromes, in the classification of easier and atypical forms of the course and the existence of extravertebral initial symptoms. The majority of false and late diagnoses could have been avoided by an exact anamnesis and with the help of simple clinical examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Methodology of a cooperative study of response predictors in ambulatory depressive syndrome treated with nomifensine].

A multicentric therapeutic survey on ambulatory depressive patients has been designed so as to get data allowing response-prediction. The protocol included:--selection of non psychotic ambulatory depressive patients--one month's treatment with nomifensine--collection of data consisting mainly in a series of visual analogue scales, scored by a phisician and given in several random orders to avoid error of proximity. Data treatment indluded:--a step of checking and codification--the study of relations between global appraisal and characteristics of subjects--the study of initial profile of responders and non-responders, using discriminant analysis and correspondance factorial analysis.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of propentofylline (HWA 285) in patients with dementia according to DSM III-R. The European Propentofylline Study Group.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) share several features such as overactivation of microglial cells, damage induced by free radicals, glutamate and calcium overload. Propentofylline (HWA 285) has shown beneficial effects on all of these common elements, thus favouring its use in both subtypes of dementia. In a multinational, randomized, 12-month, double-blind, parallel-group study 260 out-patients with mild to moderate AD or VaD received 300 mg propentofylline (n = 129) or placebo (n = 131) three times daily 1 h before meals. The efficacy was tested at four independent rater levels (physician, psychologist, relative and patient) with assessments covering three major domains of dementia (global function, cognitive function and activities of daily living). After 12 months, the total patient population showed statistically significant treatment differences in favour of propentofylline for the global measures of dementia (Gottfries-Bråne-Steen scale, GBS, p = 0.001; Clinical Global Impressions, CGI, item I: p = 0.004, item II: p = 0.072) as well as for the cognitive measures (Syndrome Short Test, SKT, p = 0.002) and Mini-Mental State Examination (p = 0.001). The activities of daily living also showed a significant treatment difference in favour of propentofylline (p = 0.002). No significant treatment differences were found for rating scales performed by the patients. At month 12, VaD patients showed treatment differences in favour of propentofylline for the GBS total score (p = 0.006), CGI item I (p = 0.004), GGI item II (p = 0.044) and SKT (p = 0.028). Treatment differences for AD patients were all in favour of propentofylline and reached statistical significance for the SKT (p = 0.018). Propentofylline showed a good safety profile with respect to adverse events, vital signs, ECG and laboratory changes.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Propentofylline in adult-onset cognitive disorders: double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical, psychometric and brain mapping studies.

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trial, the therapeutic efficacy and central effects of propentofylline (HWA 285) - a xanthine derivative with neuroprotective, metabolic, hemorheologic and antithrombotic action - were studied in 190 elderly outpatients with mild to moderate chronic cognitive disturbances (mild dementia, DSM-III-R). They received after a 2-week run-in period (placebo) for 12 weeks either 3 x 300 mg propentofylline or 3 x 1 tablet placebo (given at least 1 h before meals). The verum group (n = 96, age 68 +/- 9) was comparable to the placebo group (n = 94, age 69 +/- 8) in regard to age, height, smoking, consumption of stimulating alcoholic drinks, family and living status. Clinical evaluation by the Gottfries-Brane-Steen (GBS) scale demonstrated a significant superiority of propentofylline over placebo in the total score and the four GBS factors (motor, intellectual, emotional functions and other symptoms) as well as in the clinical global impression and Mini-Mental State. Psychometric measures showed slight and significant improvement in both groups but no intergroup differences. EEG brain mapping was carried out before and after 12 weeks' treatment in the Viennese subsample involving 24 propentofylline and 24 placebo patients. Propentofylline-treated patients exhibited, as compared with placebo-treated ones, a trend towards augmentation of total power, furthermore an increase in relative delta and beta and a decrease in alpha power, an acceleration of the dominant frequency as well as a slowing of the centroid of the combined delta/theta band. The total centroid tended towards acceleration, while the centroid deviation increased significantly. These alterations reflect vigilance changes of the dissociative type and differ from those of the classical nootropics. Clinical and psychometric evaluations demonstrated changes in the same direction as in the total sample, but interdrug differences were not significant. Thus, EEG brain mapping seems to be more sensitive in objectivating central drug effects.

Aged↗