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Biomedical subjects

M Rafi

Publications and source records attributed to M Rafi.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Human rights and religious backlash: the experience of a Bangladeshi NGO.

As part of a human rights education campaign, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee fixed 700,000 posters throughout Bangladesh. This met with opposition from the religious organizations. This paper investigates the nature and cause of the backlash and sets out strategies for how development organizations can achieve their objectives in the face of opposition. The opposition was found to be in response to interpretations of the posters based on the Holy Koran and Islamic practices, and a perceived intrusion into the professional territory of religious organizations, which affected the socioeconomic interests of these organizations' representatives. It was therefore concluded that development organizations should pre-empt such opposition by spelling out their objectives to potential critics, and formulating programs that do not provide scope for opponents to undermine their development activities.

Asia↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of dowdo (wheat-milk gruel) in children with acute diarrhoea.

Appropriate feeding practices have an important impact on diarrhoeal disease management in developing countries. We evaluated the efficacy of feeding dowdo, a wheat-milk gruel, traditionally used as a weaning food in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Dowdo was compared with khitchri, a rice-lentil mixture, in acute diarrhoea through a randomized trial. Seventy- six children between 6 and 36 months of age, with acute watery diarrhoea of less than seven days were recruited. After rehydration with standard World Health Organization (WHO) glucose-based oral rehydration solution or intravenous Ringers lactate, patients were randomly assigned to either diet group. Dowdo and Khitchri were found to be equally effective in terms of stool frequency and output, duration of diarrhoea, weight gain and duration of hospitalization. The results indicate that feeding dowdo was as effective as khitchri in children with acute diarrhoea. Additionally, acceptability of dowdo was better than Khitchri. It is recommended that dowdo be used for nutritional management of diarrhoeal disease in children in the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Antibioprophylaxis and itinerant ambulatory surgery in the milieu of endemic trachoma].

Between 1987 to 1992, 3,309 eyes had been operated on during the seventeen missions realized in Morrocco, by the Morroccan Itinerant Ophthalmologist Association. To prevent postoperative infectious endophthalmitis, asepsis was rigorous and local antibiotics prophylaxis were administered preoperatively, during surgery and postoperatively. Ophthalmic solutions (gentamicin, norfloxacin, or ofloxacin) were used. Six (6) eyes in our study developed infectious endophthalmitis (1.8). The fluoroquinolones are a new class of antibacterial agents with considerable potential in the treatment of ophthalmic infections. A systematic antibioprophylaxis with fluoroquinolones, is licit in itinerant surgery.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Trachoma in Ouarzazate: clinical and biological study].

A conjunctival sample for the research of chlamydiae was made on 87 persons (44 patients and 43 control persons). Clinical examination shows that 27 patients (61.4%) were suffering from a Trachoma. Direct examination with IF was positive for 9 patients (20.4%) and negative for all control people (P 0.001). A link between the positivity of the direct examination and the serology was found for 9 patients. The antibody anti-chlamydiae rate was higher or equal to 1/256 for 12 patients (44.4%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Chronic effect of atrazine on hydromineral balance in the crab.

Effect in vivo of atrazine on total body weight, hydration level, haemolymph volume, inorganic electrolytes was studied in the gill, hepatopancreas and haemolymph of the crab. Significant changes were seen in the tissues indicating disturbances in the hydromineral balance of the crab as a consequence of atrazine.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of vernal conjunctivitis with aspirin].

The authors have made a study on 67 cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis during 4 years (1984-1988). These cases were treated by aspirin by oral route, at the rate of 25 to 50 mg/kg. Aspirin and corticoïds make functional signs disappear and make clinical signs decrease. The efficacy of aspirin is better than the efficacy of corticoïds as far as side-effects as extension of the bull period are concerned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) in renal allograft recipients. Multicenter trials using a 14-dose regimen.

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG, ATGAM; The Upjohn Company) was tested for efficacy and safety in controlled studies in 358 renal allograft recipients. A total of 183 patients were treated according to protocols prescribing 14 daily doses of ATG in addition to standard immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine and prednisone, while 175 controls received no ATG. Four ATG lots were tested; results with each lot were analyzed separately, and the data were also pooled to obtain an overall impression. ATG delayed the onset of the first rejection episode during the prescribed treatment period (2 weeks). Concurrently, less i.v. steroid was required, but the steroid dosage requirement then rebounded in the 2 weeks after the end of the prescribed treatment period. ATG did not significantly improve the proportion of patients alive with functioning grafts 6 months after transplant, except with one of the four lots.

Adult↗