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Biomedical subjects

M Rainey

Publications and source records attributed to M Rainey.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Sex differences in response to red and blue light in human primary visual cortex: a bold fMRI study.

Studies using a variety of investigative methods, including functional brain imaging and electroencephalography (EEG), have suggested that changes in central nervous system (CNS) dopamine function result in altered visual system processing. The discovery of abnormal retinal blue cone, but not red cone, electroretinogram in association with cocaine withdrawal and Parkinson's disease suggests that visual system response to blue light might be a marker for CNS dopamine tone. As there are numerous sex-related differences in central nervous system dopamine function, we predicted that blue and red light stimulation would produce sex-specific patterns of response in primary visual cortex when studied using the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. We analyzed the BOLD response to red and blue light in male and female human volunteers (N=20). Red and blue light responses in primary visual cortex (V1) to stepped intensities of red and blue light were compared by sex for threshold to detectable BOLD signal increase and for stimulus intensity vs. BOLD signal response. Near threshold, males and females showed similar BOLD signal change to red light, but males showed a threefold greater increase (0.52%) to blue light stimulation when compared to females (0.14%). Log-linear regression modeling revealed that the slope coefficients for the red light stimulus intensity vs. signal change curve were not significantly different for males and females (z=0.995, P=0.320), whereas the slope coefficients for the blue light stimulus intensity vs. signal change curve were significantly larger in males (z=2.251, P=0.024). These findings support a sex and color-dependent differential pattern of primary visual cortical response to photic stimulation and suggest a method for assessing the influence of specific dopamine agonist/antagonist medications on visual function.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The yeast CDC9 gene encodes both a nuclear and a mitochondrial form of DNA ligase I.

BACKGROUND: The yeast CDC9 gene encodes a DNA ligase I activity required during nuclear DNA replication to ligate the Okazaki fragments formed when the lagging DNA strand is synthesised. The only other DNA ligase predicted from the yeast genome sequence, DNL4/LIG4, is specifically involved in a non-homologous DNA end-joining reaction. What then is the source of the DNA ligase activity required for replication of the yeast mitochondrial genome? RESULTS: We report that CDC9 encodes two distinct polypeptides expressed from consecutive in-frame AUG codons. Translational initiation at these two sites gives rise to polypeptides differing by a 23 residue amino-terminal extension, which corresponds to a functional mitochondrial pre-sequence sufficient to direct import into yeast mitochondria. Initiation at the first AUG codon results in a 755 amino-acid polypeptide that is imported into mitochondria, whereupon the pre-sequence is proteolytically removed to yield the mature mitochondrial form of Cdc9p. Initiation at the second AUG codon produces a 732 amino-acid polypeptide, which is localised to the nucleus. Cells expressing only the nuclear isoform were found to be specifically defective in the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. CONCLUSIONS: CDC9 encodes two distinct forms of DNA ligase I. The first is targeted to the mitochondrion and is required for propagation and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, the second localises to the nucleus and is sufficient for the essential cell-division function associated with this gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

T lymphoblastic lymphoma with LEU-7 positive phenotype and unusual clinical course: a multiparameter study.

Immunologic phenotype studies were performed on cells and on frozen sections of involved tissue from a 20 year old female with typical T-cell lymphoblastic (convoluted) lymphoma. The cells demonstrated a thymic phenotype but in addition marked with Leu-7 (HNK-1)--an antibody reported to identify human natural killer/killer (NK/K) cells. Normal or neoplastic cells with this phenotype have not been previously reported. These findings support the existence of a thymic precursor for a T-cell subset of Leu-7 + cells. The unusual clinical response to therapy is another feature of this unique case.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Phase III study of BCOP v CHOP in unfavorable categories of malignant lymphoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.

A total of 296 evaluable patients with unfavorable categories of malignant lymphoma were randomly assigned treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone plus BCNU (BCOP) or doxorubicin (CHOP). In diffuse histiocytic (DH) lymphoma, CHOP produced superior complete (54% v 34%) and total (70% v 46%) response rates. Among the responders to either therapy, no differences were seen in duration of response or survival times. Median duration of response has not been reached with follow-up in excess of 50 months. In categories of lymphoma other than DH (including small-cell, mixed, and nodular histiocytic lymphomas), complete (27% v 29%) and total (48% v 54%) responses were similar for BCOP and CHOP, as were durations of response and survival. These data suggest that BCOP and CHOP are equivalent regimens for other categories of malignant lymphomas. CHOP appears preferable for diffuse large-cell categories, since it resulted in greater overall survival in patients with DH lymphoma; this was due to a significantly greater response rate, since patients with DH lymphoma who did respond to BCOP maintained their response and survived as long as did the CHOP responders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Two monoclonal antibodies raised against a Burkitt lymphoma cell line recognise different cell types within lymphoid follicles.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a laboratory derived variant of the Raji Burkitt lymphoma cell line. We have characterized two of these antibodies by screening on haematopoietic cell lines, and frozen sections of both reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue, and found reactivity with separate cellular components of lymphoid follicles. Monoclonal FW37.4.D5 reacts in section specifically with follicular dendritic reticular cells. Monoclonal 35.1C5 reacts with a subpopulation of splenic marginal zone, and lymph node mantle zone, B lymphocytes, but stains only rare cells within germinal centres. This monoclonal is operationally B lymphocyte specific, distinguishing an 'intermediate' B cell subset, represented in lymphoma by B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B hairy cell leukaemia and centrocytic lymphoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The beta-receptor: isoproterenol anxiety states.

To learn the effect of isoproterenol on patients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for panic disorder, we administered isoproterenol, racemic sodium lactate, and glucose to them and to nonpsychiatric control subjects. Each subject received all 3 infusions, double-blind in random order. A 21-item self-rating panic scale was constructed from the RDC for panic disorder and was used to identify RDC panic attacks. The results of this study and the preliminary results from the infusions after treatment with imipramine are discussed in the text, and the results from the first patient to be reinfused after treatment are presented graphically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The immunohistological demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen in intra-epithelial and invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix.

Using the sensitive peroxidase, anti-peroxidase immunohistological technique, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was studied in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical specimens from 225 patients. CEA was demonstrated in 33% of moderate dysplasia, 78.5% of severe dysplasia, 79% of in-situ carcinoma and 78% of invasive carcinoma. CEA was not demonstrated in normal squamous epithelium, squamous metaplasia, reserve cell hyperplasia nor in mild dysplasia.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1982

Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in cervico-vaginal fluid from patients with intra-epithelial and invasive carcinoma of the cervix.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels have been measured in cervico-vaginal washout fluid using the direct CEA Roche radioimmunoassay. Raised CEA levels were found associated with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma (85% above 300 ng/ml) compared with benign cervical lesions (29% above 300 ng/ml), suggesting that estimation of local CEA levels might be a useful adjunct to cytology and biopsy in the investigation of cervical neoplasia.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1982

Systemic administration of human leukocyte interferon to melanoma patients. II. Cellular events associated with changes in natural killer cytotoxicity.

Treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with daily doses of human leukocyte interferon (IFN) resulted in natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity that increased during the 1st week of treatment and subsequently declined to pretreatment levels despite continued IFN administration; events involved in these changes were examined. The increased cytotoxicity was associated with an increased number of cells able to bind K562 targets and an increased proportion of cells able to mediate cytolysis of K562 targets. The period of increasing NK activity was also associated with an increased ability to generate in vitro cytotoxic effectors against K562 targets by stimulation with allogeneic lymphoblastoid cells. The responding cells in this system were depleted of NK activity by adherence to immune complexes. These results suggested that increased NK activity during week 1 of in vivo treatment was associated with augmentation of the development of NK cells from noncytotoxic precursors in addition to direct effects on NK cells. In contrast, the decline in NK activity appeared to be primarily a direct effect on NK cells, because these cells could no longer be augmented in vitro by additional IFN. The refractory state to IFN augmentation of cytotoxicity was limited to the period of IFN treatment in vivo, and responsiveness to IFN was promptly regained upon cessation of treatment. No evidence for the development of suppressor cells of NK effector function could be obtained.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗