PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Rauff

Publications and source records attributed to M Rauff.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Lipid profiles during and after normal pregnancy.

Lipid profiles were estimated in two groups of normal healthy women comprising 39 non-pregnant women and 67 pregnant women at 28 and 32 weeks gestation and 6 weeks after delivery. Triglycerides, total, HDL and LDL cholesterols were high during pregnancy. Except for LDL cholesterols which remained constant, all the above decreased at 6/52 postnatally, but levels were still above those of normal non-pregnant women. Compared to the later, the atherogenic index, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was unchanged during pregnancy but significantly increased at 6/52 postnatally. These results may suggest that while total lipid levels increase during pregnancy, this is balanced by an even distribution of the lipoprotein fractions. After delivery, though lipid levels had decreased, the decrease in HDL cholesterol and increase in LDL cholesterol caused unfavourable changes in lipid-lipoprotein ratios. These changes may be due to the change in metabolism of the pregnant women as well as diet during and after pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The 75 and 50g OGTT response in normal pregnant women.

The 75 and 50g OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) responses were studied in 86 normal healthy pregnant women (mean age 28.7 +/- 0.4 (SEM) years) at 28 and 32 weeks respectively. Of these were 50 Chinese, 20 Malays and 16 Indians. Mean glucose responses at fasting, 1 and 2h post glucose load were 78.3 +/- 0.7, 132.2 +/- 2.8 and 116.2 +/- 2.1 mg/dl respectively for the 75g OGTT and 78.5 +/- 0.7, 130.5 +/- 2.5 and 106.7 +/- 1.8 mg/dl respectively for the 50g OGTT. Except for the 2h responses, corresponding responses between both OGTTs were not significantly different. All races showed a similar OGTT response. Using a set criteria for diagnosis of abnormals resulted in gross inconsistency in the number of abnormals diagnosed for both OGTTs. However, the use of 95th percentile shows a closer agreement in the diagnosis of abnormal cases for both OGTTs. Also, the 2h OGTT response for the 75g OGTT is higher than that of WHO's criteria for impaired glucose tolerance. This emphasizes the need to establish our own reference range.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serum fructosamine concentrations in Singapore pregnant women.

Serum fructosamine levels in women at pregnancy (28 weeks' gestation) were determined. The women (n = 99) also participated in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a 75g liquid glucose load, to determine their glucose tolerance. At 32 weeks' gestation, seventy-nine of them repeated the oral glucose tolerance test and fructosamine measurement. Results showed that fructosamine levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (2.20 +/- 0.19 mmol/l, n = 76), were not statistically different from those with glucose intolerance (gestational diabetes: 2.19 +/- 0.22 mmol/l, n = 23) at 28 weeks' and also 32 weeks' gestation. However, serum fructosamine levels in pregnant women were lower than those in non-pregnant subjects. Serum fructosamine measurement is not a sufficiently sensitive test for diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of human ampullary cell cultures.

Epithelial cells from the ampulla of healthy oviducts from 16 women aged 33-41 years and at different phases of their menstrual cycles were used to establish primary cultures and the continuation of a cell line. The morphology and behaviour of these cells in vitro were evaluated using Nomarski's inverted optics, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cells from all patients produced confluent monolayers in 6-7 days with no significant relationship of cell growth with stage of cycle. Fourteen primary cultures were of the epithelioid type while two showed mixed epithelioid and fibroblast-like growth. Two distinct cell types (ciliated and secretory) were observed in primary culture. Secretory cells showed several microvilli of different lengths and distribution. Secretory cells predominated over ciliated cells in all patients, but maximum ciliation occurred around the time of ovulation. Structural features of the cells in vitro were remarkably similar to those described in vivo. Ampullary cells could be maintained in vitro through four to six passages with 3-4 days of growth between passages. Sub-cultured cells were all secretory and were of two types (I and II) based on ultrastructure. Secretory vesicles containing electron-dense material and lipids were observed in these cells. The method described allows for the use of ampullary cells as feeder layers for IVF and support of cleaving human embryos and the evaluation of the biochemical events surrounding fertilization and ectopic pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Improved quality of human embryos when co-cultured with human ampullary cells.

Cultured human, ampullary, epithelial cells obtained from fertile women undergoing hysterectomy were evaluated for the support of human embryonic cleavage and growth in vitro. Twelve patients provided 23 embryos for co-culture with subcultured ampullary cells grown in T6 + 15% patient's serum and 18 embryos for growth in T6 + 15% patient's serum alone (controls). Of embryos co-cultured with ampullary cells, 78% cleaved to the compacted embryo stage and 69% cavitated as compared with 50 and 33% respectively for controls (P less than 0.01). Only 30% of co-cultured embryos reached the expanded blastocyst and 26% underwent hatching as compared with 28% for both stages in controls. At the 2 - 4- and 6 - 8-cell stages, 91 and 87% of co-cultured embryos showed an absence or slight fragmentation as compared with 72 and 61% respectively for embryos grown in medium alone (P less than 0.01). None of the co-cultured embryos showed unequal-sized blastomeres while 22% of controls showed unequal cleavage. Embryos grown with ampullary cells cleaved slightly faster than controls. Scanning electron micrographs showed that ampullary cells collected from co-cultures were all of the secretory type with several microvilli and apical protrusions. It is clear that subcultured human ampullary cells support human embryonic cleavage and yield a reasonable number of good quality embryos up to the cavitation stage. Development past the expanded blastocyst and hatching stages seems to involve another critical phase with its own specific requirements.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Rapid karyotyping of spontaneous abortions with trophoblastic villi.

24-hour short term culture of trophoblastic villi provided rapid and accurate karyotypes in spontaneous first trimester abortions. Good quality metaphases were obtained in 60.0% of villous cultures if these were set up within 8 hours of uterine evacuation, in contrast to the 10.3% success rate with intervals longer than 8 hours. 21% (4 of 19) of first trimester pregnancy losses were chromosomally abnormal, 3 of which were examples of autosomal trisomy; in 2 cases, the mothers were more than 37 years of age. The results of successful karyotyping reported here compare well with previous reports of long term culture of minced fetal material. Further, the risks of infected cultures, maternal contamination and pseudomosaicism are minimal with the short-term culture technique described here. Chorionic villi isolated from spontaneously aborted material are a simple and practicable source of fetal material for rapid and accurate cytogenic diagnosis in early spontaneous abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Follicular-phase response in two clomiphene-human menopausal gonadotropin regimes for an in vitro fertilization program.

Two clomiphene-human menopausal gonadotropin regimes were assessed for our in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement (IVF and ER) program since September 1983. Clomiphene, 50 mg bd, was taken from day 2 for 5 days. Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was given from day 6; for the first regime, 75 IU/day was given for the first 3 days, and for the second, 150 IU/day. The subsequent dosages were dependent on the estradiol response. There were 9 cases for the first regime and 10 cases for the second. The mean number of hMG ampoules given was 16.5 and 19.25, respectively. The number of follicles seen on ultrasound was 3.0 +/- 0.5 and 3.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SD), respectively. There was no statistical difference in the estradiol response up to the day of laparoscopic ova recovery for the two regimes. However, a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge was observed in 4 of 9 cases in the first group and 6 of 10 cases in the second group. When a comparison was made between cases that had a spontaneous LH surge and cases that were given human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), there was a higher estradiol level on the day of the laparoscopy in the hCG group with the lower hMG regime (P less than 0.05). There were no other differences. Our small series shows a 52.6% incidence of spontaneous LH surge with clomiphene-hMG. Hence such stimulated regimes can result in a high proportion of spontaneous LH surges; this may be an index of satisfactory endocrinological control in spite of an increase in the number of follicles.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1977

Alternatives to female sterilization.

With national policies aimed at reaching zero population growth in the shortest possible time, many countries have introduced restrictive legislation and disincentive programs in an attempt to decrease family size norms to 2 or 3 children. As a result, younger women of lower parity are being sterilized, with consequences that will be seen in the years to come. Although female sterilization is usually associated with minimal complications and side effects and is highly effective without continuing motivation or promotion, it has the disadvantage of causing permanent, essentially irreversible sterility. Therefore, it will not be readily acceptable to a large portion of the population. For many women, alternatives must be sought. Reversible methods of female or male sterilization, longacting systemic contraceptives, longacting implants, and immunization against implantation or sperm antigens are potential alternatives, but all are still in experimental stages of development. Intrauterine devices and injectables are the 2 most effective alternatives now available. The use of intrauterine devices with abortion as a backup in case of contraceptive failure ranks high as an alternative to female sterilization.

Animals↗