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Biomedical subjects

M Reed

Publications and source records attributed to M Reed.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Enterobacter bacteremia in surgical patients.

The records of 63 surgical patients with one or more positive blood cultures for Enterobacter organisms were reviewed to determine clinical, epidemiologic, and mortality risk factors. Enterobacter bacteremia occurred, on the average, on the twenty-third day of hospitalization, most frequently in male patients (47), after antibiotic therapy (48 patients), placement of central venous catheters (38 patients), gastrointestinal tract operations (36 patients), and respiratory failure (31 patients). Portals of entry were most commonly sputum (25 patients), open skin wounds (16 patients), and central venous lines (12 patients). Mortality risk (22 patients, 35%) was increased with Enterobacter bacteremia occurring after the fifteenth day of hospitalization (18 of 45 patients versus 4 of 28 patients, p less than 0.01), a preceding Enterobacter focus (13 of 22 patients versus 9 of 41 patients, p less than 0.05), preceding non-Enterobacter bacteremia (10 of 15 patients versus 12 of 48 patients, p less than 0.02), preceding total parenteral nutrition (11 of 21 patients versus 11 of 42 patients p less than 0.01), respiratory failure (19 of 36 patients versus 3 of 27 patients p less than 0.01), and renal failure (11 of 12 patients versus 11 of 51 patients p less than 0.01). The mortality risk was not diminished by specific antibiotic therapy. Enterobacter is emerging as an important pathogen in surgical patients. Prolonged antibiotic administration, particularly that of cephalosporins, may promote Enterobacter colonization of the tracheobronchial tree and skin with subsequent invasion enhanced by respiratory failure, open skin wounds, or central venous catheters traversing the skin. Mortality risk is determined primarily by factors associated with critical illness rather than effects of Enterobacter organisms and their specific treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1985

Neurophysiological signs of brain damage due to glue sniffing.

Recordings of the brain electrical responses to pattern reversal (checkerboard) visual stimuli showed significantly increased latencies in a group of 12 young people who had been sniffing glue over a prolonged period. Only small improvements were observed in two people who had repeat recordings after 6 months' abstinence. These results show that chronic glue sniffing can lead to long lasting brain damage.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1985

Intestinal triglycerides are derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources.

Although studies have indicated that the small intestine is capable of utilizing endogenous substrates for triglyceride synthesis in the absence of dietary lipid, the importance of the endogenous contribution to total intestinal triglyceride production during absorption has not yet been defined. In this study we have examined the quantitative contribution of endogenous triglyceride production during different luminal lipid loads. By use of a mesenteric lymph fistula rat model with total parenteral nutritional support, mesenteric lymphatic triglyceride transport was investigated. Our results indicate that, during absorption, a substantial fraction (greater than 50%) of total triglyceride is derived from endogenous sources. Increased luminal fatty acid loads lead to an increase in both endogenous and exogenous triglyceride production. Incorporation of luminally infused oleic acid into triglyceride carried by chylomicrons is dependent on the luminal fatty acid load, while incorporation of oleic acid into very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride is saturable. We conclude that both chylomicron and VLDL are involved in transporting triglyceride derived from both endogenous and exogenous sources. The different patterns in the partition of endogenous and exogenous triglyceride into chylomicrons and VLDL suggest that these two lipid-carrying lipoproteins are probably packaged differently in the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Role of small intestine in pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.

The small intestine can utilize endogenous substrates for triglyceride synthesis. In diabetes mellitus, potential endogenous substrates are elevated. This study was designed to investigate whether intestinal triglyceride production utilizing endogenous substrates contributes to the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia in diabetes. Intestinal fatty acid esterification as well as activities of acyl-CoA synthetase and acyl-CoA monoglyceride acyltransferase are the same in diabetic and control rats when the results are expressed per milligram protein. However, due to marked intestinal hypertrophy these activities are increased when the results are expressed as per centimeter gut length. In the mesenteric lymph fistula rat model, we found that during fasting diabetic rats have a greater than twofold increase in triglyceride output that is carried mainly by very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). During lipid infusion, total triglyceride fatty acid output was not different between diabetic and control rats, although there were significant differences in the patterns of partition of endogenous and exogenous triglyceride into chylomicrons and VLDL. Endogenous triglyceride production did not increase in diabetic rats during lipid infusion. In contrast, there was a substantial increase in endogenous triglyceride production in the control group to a level comparable with that of the diabetic rats. There was a significant reduction in incorporation of exogenous triglyceride into chylomicrons in diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acquired hearing loss and psychiatric illness: an estimate of prevalence and co-morbidity in a geriatric setting.

Hearing impairment and mental disorders are common among residents of nursing homes and homes for the aged; however, the relationship between sensory deficit and psychiatric illness has been little investigated in this population. The prevalence of hearing impairment, psychiatric illness, and co-morbidity was investigated in a sample of 102 elderly residents from consecutive admissions to a home for the aged. Examining the coincidence of these disorders showed evidence of an association between hearing loss and paraphrenia, and hearing loss and dysphoric states, but not between hearing and cognitive impairment. The results of this survey provide only suggestive evidence regarding aetiology, but strongly support conjoint assessment of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Hearing assessment in homes for the aged: a comparison of audiometric and self-report methods.

A comparison of audiometric and interview methods to identify hearing impaired elderly was made as part of a study of the relationship between hearing impairment and mental disorders of old age. Of 84 residents of a Home for the Aged examined by an Otolaryngologist and tested by an audiologist, reports of hearing status were incongruent in 41% of the cases. Only 36 residents (43% of the sample) were initially judged capable of reliable response to interview. Twenty-two residents (26% of the sample) described hearing problems consistent with the type and degree of loss defined audiometrically. The frequency and clinical significance of hearing loss and the questionable reliability of self-report on hearing argue for inclusion of audiometry in the routine assessment of this population.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp.

A series of about 2200 children who received X-ray treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during the 1940s and 1950s, and a comparable group of 1400 treated without X ray, have been followed by mail questionnaire for an average of 26 years since treatment to tabulate the incidence of skin cancer. The X-ray treatment consisted of 300-380 R to five overlapping fields on the scalp, to cause complete depilation. This delivered doses of 300-600 rad to various portions of the scalp, with lower doses to the skin of the face and neck. In the irradiated group, 41 persons have had one or more basal cell carcinomas of the scalp or face while only three have been diagnosed in controls. There was a high prevalence of multiple skin cancers in the irradiated group (80 lesions among 41 cases). The minimum latent period for radiation-induced skin cancers was long--about 20 years--and this may be attributable to the young age of the population. The skin cancer risk was particularly pronounced on the face, where there would be more UVR exposure in addition to X-ray exposure. Lightness of complexion proved to be an important factor in the skin cancer risk. In addition, skin cancers were found only among caucasians, even though 25% of the study population were blacks. These findings suggest that UVR exposure levels or sensitivity to such exposure interact with ionizing radiation exposure in defining skin cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate.

We studied the lungs of 42 infants dying of obstetrical accidents, acute infections, and trauma, who ranged in age from 19 wk gestation to 3 wk postpartum at 42 wk gestation. The earliest lungs (19 to 20 wk gestation) had smooth-walled respiratory channels lined by cuboidal epithelium. Between 22 and 24 wk gestation with further development of the acinus, these channels took on a wavy internal configuration. After 28 wk gestation the air spaces (saccules) of the developing acinus became subdivided by secondary crests. Alveolar development began in some infants as early as 32 wk and was uniformly present by 36 wk. Respiratory bronchioles were not present in any of our cases, including those in the immediate postnatal period. Quantitative studies showed a rapid increase in lung volume and alveolar surface area beginning at about 28 wk gestation (crown-rump length, 25 cm) coinciding with increasing complexity of the saccules. Surface area, lung volume, and total number of alveoli showed an exponential relationship to gestational age and crown-rump length. Air-space wall thickness showed a rapid decline starting at 28 wk gestation and is best related exponentially to age and crown-rump length. Volume proportions of air spaces increased steadily throughout gestation. The increase in bronchial and bronchiolar air and air-space dimensions correlated relatively poorly with age, and nonparenchyma remained a relatively constant volume proportion, regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗