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Biomedical subjects

M Reite

Publications and source records attributed to M Reite.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

In vivo electrochemical recording of acetaminophen in non human primate brain.

In vivo electrochemical recordings were obtained from the caudate nucleus of three young adult pigtail monkeys (M. nemestrina) following the oral administration of acetaminophen (APAP) (75 mg/kg). Using linear sweep voltammetry, electrodes in the right and left caudate were scanned alternately every five minutes. The electrochemical peak resulting from the APAP was monitored for at least 140 minutes following drug administration. Maximum APAP levels were detected in the monkey caudate 40 minutes following drug administration. Both right and left caudate displayed an identical time course, with oxidation potentials (Eox) similar on both sides of the brain. Blood samples were collected from one monkey by means of an intravenous catheter. Samples were obtained at approximately 5-minute intervals and over a period of 140 minutes following oral administration of APAP. Concentration of APAP in serum peaked 25 minutes after administration. In this animal the maximum electrochemical peak height was detected 40 minutes following APAP administration. These findings demonstrate the ability to measure APAP in the caudate nucleus of awake monkeys by means of electrochemical detection. This method may be useful for calibrating electrochemical electrodes in vivo, and it also provides a model system for studying drug kinetics in the brain.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1987

Infant abuse and neglect: lessons from the primate laboratory.

We review the several areas in which research on nonhuman primates contributes to our understanding of child abuse and neglect in human children. One special advantage of primate studies is that the experimental method can be utilized to examine the short- and long-term effects of relatively well-defined and circumscribed alterations in early experience and the manner in which they can affect later behavioral and physiological development. Four studies in M. nemestrina (pigtail) monkeys are described in which relatively short social separation experiences in infancy were associated with evidence of persistent changes in certain aspects of social behavioral functioning and immunological functioning, up to six years later, when the previously separated animals were in late adolescence or early adulthood. Such findings suggest that nonhuman primates may be used as animal model systems with considerable relevance to issues surrounding human child abuse and neglect.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Social environment and nocturnal sleep: studies in peer-reared monkeys.

Nocturnal sleep was recorded for a total of 40 nights by means of totally implantable, multichannel biotelemetry from 11 peer-reared pigtail (Macaca nemestrina) monkey infants (aged 221 +/- 28 days). Fourteen sleep variables were compared to values previously obtained from similar-aged, mother-reared infants living in social groups. Sleep in peer-reared monkeys was more fragmented, contained less drowsy, more stage 2, less REM, fewer REM periods, and longer interREM intervals than sleep in mother-reared infants. It would appear that these effects are not due to a relatively impoverished environment that may accompany peer rearing, as has been reported to be true for rodents, but rather to the disruptive influence of sleeping with a peer in the absence of the organization and control effected by a monkey mother and a social group.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Some additional influences shaping the development of behavior.

The potent role played by neuroembryological forces in shaping brain development and function is well documented in Nowakowski's article. This discussion outlines several additional mechanisms whereby experience may directly influence brain structure and/or function. One such mechanism is the observation that altered sensory input in older primates may lead to anatomical and functional reorganization of sensory cortex. Another is the experimental evidence indicating that temporary disruption of social attachment bonds in young primates may produce longstanding alterations in behavior, immunological, and possibly other types of physiological functioning. Thus several routes exist whereby postnatal or even adult experiential influences may produce long-term alterations in behavior and physiological functioning, perhaps mediated by both anatomical and functional reorganization within the CNS. It is important to take into account all such potential mechanisms when considering the complex interplay between brain structure and function, experience, and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Behavior and physiology in young bonnet monkeys.

We studied behavioral development in 12 mother-reared social-group-living bonnet macaque (M. radiata monkey infants during the first four months of life. Physiological data was subsequently recorded from a subset of six using implantable biotelemetry. We compared these data to similar data previously collected in the same manner from similar age social group living pigtail macaque (M. nemestrina) infants. Bonnet infants were more active and apart from mother more throughout development. While in physical contact with mother, however, they were more likely to be enclosed if they were bonnets, but only in proximity or passively supported if they were pigtails. Bonnets also had more social contact with other adults. Mean day and night heart rate and body temperature, heart rate and body temperature circadian rhythms, and most nocturnal sleep variables were virtually identical in bonnets and pigtail infants. These findings suggest that developmental differences in social behavior in two closely related species of macaque monkey need not be accompanied by differences in physiological patterning.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Long-term follow-up of previously separated pigtail macaques: group and individual differences in response to novel situations.

A follow-up study of monkeys who experienced maternal separations as infants 2.5-4.9 years earlier was performed. Matched pairs of previously separated and nonseparated control monkeys were observed individually in four unfamiliar situations, and their behavioral responses and plasma cortisol levels were measured. Results indicated that previously separated animals displayed more disturbance than did their matched controls, and levels of disturbance were significantly correlated with the degree of behavioral and physiological disturbance displayed during the original maternal separations. The results support the idea that the perception of the maternal separation may be a significant factor in whether long-term behavioral deficits exist in social and emotional functioning.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1986

Behavioral effects of cochlear prosthesis on deafened monkeys.

No deleterious effects of electrical stimulation on deafened young monkeys were noted using the behavioral techniques described. Due to the small size of this study and the variability of individual monkey behavior, it is impossible to draw definitive conclusions from this study. However, the results strongly suggest that deafened young monkeys with functioning cochlear implants showed apparent improvement in social behavior over deafened nonimplanted subjects. These changes may result from environmental and vocalization sound awareness and/or prevention of auditory deprivation provided by the prosthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Caudate electrochemical response following amphetamine administration in pigtail monkeys.

In vivo electrochemical and heart rate (HR) recordings following amphetamine (AMPH) (0.8 mg/kg) and saline administration were made from caudate in four young adult pigtail (M. nemestrina) monkeys using linear sweep voltammetry. One hour following drug injection, two familiar humans served as test stimuli, and were visually exposed to the animals for 15-minute epochs each. One was threatening to the animals, and one was not. AMPH produced a significant increase in height of the electrochemical peak thought to represent oxidation of dopamine and its metabolites. Heart rate (HR) decreased during the time the peak height was increasing. HR and peak height increased during presentation of both humans under both AMPH and saline conditions. However, peak height increase under AMPH, but not saline, conditions discriminated the negative from neutral stimulus. The findings demonstrate that AMPH administration induces a significant increase in the height of a major electroactive peak in the caudate nucleus of pigtail monkeys, and further that such amphetamine-induced increases can be manipulated by altering the affective and/or emotional state of the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Children's responses to separation from mother during the birth of another child.

Preschool children's behavioral and physiological responses to separation were monitored before, during, and after their mothers' hospitalization for the birth of a sibling. During these 3 periods, play sessions were videotaped simultaneous with activity level and heart rate monitoring, nighttime sleep was time-lapse videotaped, and the parents were administered questionnaires on changes in their child's behaviors. Increases in fantasy play across these periods were interpreted as active coping both with the stress of separation and the altered interactions following the arrival of a new sibling. Increases in negative affect, activity level, heart rate, night wakings, and crying characterized the hospital period as one of agitation. Longer periods of deep sleep at this stage were interpreted as conservation withdrawal. Following the mother's return, decreases were noted in positive affect, activity level, heart rate, and active sleep suggestive of depression. These changes are discussed in the context of parallel data on agitation/depression during young primate separations.

Affect↗
PubMed1983

A biobehavioral-biotelemetry system.

A multiple computer system and implantable biotelemetry permit on-line monitoring of physiological data while observational data is collected on social group living unrestrained monkey infants in studies of the physiological correlates of behavior. Experimental data may be collected for up to 40 days on each experimental animal, with statistical data presented as the experiment progresses. Data are used to describe normal baseline and various experimentally induced changes in biological and behavioral variables.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Suppressed immune response in infant monkeys associated with maternal separation.

The effect of maternal separation on an in vitro measure of the cellular immune response was studied in infant bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Using a modified mixed-species separation paradigm, bonnet mother-infant pairs were each housed with a single adult female pigtailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Over a 14-day separation period, the infants showed a suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens relative to a 14-day baseline period which preceded separation. The lymphocyte response was restored following reunion. During separation, infants were initially agitated, and this was followed by observations of reduced activity and a slouched posture. Behaviors returned to baseline conditions following reunion. It was concluded that suppressed immunological functioning may be included among the pathophysiological consequences of maternal separation in infant monkeys.

Animals↗