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Biomedical subjects

M Reither

Publications and source records attributed to M Reither.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Functional-anatomic evaluation of dilated uropathies in children using combined MR-nephrography and MR-urography compared to renal scintigraphy].

PURPOSE: To evaluate MR-tomographic assessment of split renal function and degree of obstruction compared to diuretic renal scintigraphy, and pathoanatomic imaging of the urinary tract as all in one exam. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study 62 children, aged 1 month to 9.5 years, mean 2.8 years, underwent diuretic renal scintigraphy and dynamic MR-Nephrography at the same day except for 7 patients with a time interval of 1 day. In all patients we did T2w (water-technique MR-Urography) additionally. RESULTS: Comparing split renal function we found a very close correlation in 54 out of 62 patients (correlation coefficient = 0.95). Due to technical failures 8 cases couldn't be calculated. Comparing degrees of obstruction there was an agreement in 57 out of 62 patients, 3 studies were gradually over-, 2 underestimated. All but one morphologic diagnoses in advance obtained by ultrasound and completed by other imaging modalities later on were confirmed MR-urographically. Though correctly imaged the functionless upper moiety in a renal duplication with ureterocele was misinterpreted at a first glance. CONCLUSIONS: Combined MR-Nephrography and MR- Urography allows reliable assessment of split renal function and urinary excretion in children with obstructive uropathies compared to renal scintigraphy. T(2)w MR-Urography provides excellent depiction of dilated urinary tract. In near future MR-tomographic techniques will reduce or even replace scintigraphic and radiographic modalities in patients with urinary tract anomalies.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Solid-pseudopapillary tumors in childhood].

We report on fife female patients with solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas. The tumors are extremely rare in children. They occur mainly in adolescent and young adult females. The tumors are neoplasms of low malignancy with infrequent metastases, for instance, in the liver or the peritoneum. Although the tumors had reached a large diameter, all of them underwent complete tumor resection. After that the patients have a very good prognosis. Thus, so it is important to distinguish solid-pseudopapillary tumors from other tumors of the pancreas.

Child↗
PubMed2001

[Acute craniocerebral trauma in childhood--early use of MRI].

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the present diagnostic potential of MRI in early stage head trauma und possibly to replace CT studies in children. FLAIR-techniques consequently applied as "scout sequences" provided reliable identification of traumatic intra- and extracranial lesions yet during the first measurement in all 24 cases. Follow-up scan confirmed the initial results. The reliability of MRI in acute pediatric head trauma is underlined by the fact that CT scans were no longer necessary within in the last three years. Therefore the imaging algorithm of acute head trauma in children has changed in our institution: medium and high risk patients undergo MRI, in young infants we do US first. HR-CT is reserved for lesions of the visceral cranium. X rays are out.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Ultrasound diagnosis in newborn infants and infants].

This report concerning the topic ultrasound in radiology deals with diseases commonly seen in newborns and infants. Immediate intensive care unit problems are excluded. The diagnostic approach of head trauma, complex lumbosacral dysraphic lesions and septic arthritis is discussed in detail. The impact of ultrasound for hip dysplasia, malformations of the digestive tract and retroperitoneal tumors is also mentioned.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic imaging of abdominal tumors in children].

Further technological progress in cross-sectional imaging modalities, accumulating experience with increasingly refined hardware and software and accumulating specific contrast media allow new algorithms for the assessment of abdominal tumors in children. However, ultrasound remains the diagnostic method of choice: conventional roentgenology with or without contrast media is decreasing, but often reveals further differential diagnostic details. MRI is becoming more prominent and is often performed immediately after ultrasound. The inauguration of gradient echo sequences and consequent shorter examination times combined with the elimination of pulsation and motion artefacts extends the diagnostic spectrum of the upper and middle abdomen. The application of oral or rectal contrast agents for imaging of the GI tract ameliorates the differentiation of pathologic processes. Recently volumetric CT/ultrafast CT has been gaining in importance for abdominal examinations in the pediatric age group. CT especially is helpful if there are bony structures in the region being examined. CT, however, involves ionizing radiation and timely administration of oral and intravenous contrast material. Moreover, as pediatric radiologists, we must strongly withstand tendencies to perform CT more often because it is less expensive, rather than avoiding ionizing radiation by using MRI.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

["Tropical" pyomyositis in childhood].

We report on a 14 year old boy, who developed bacterial pyomyositis (Staphylococcus aureus) in his left thigh. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were very helpful for the differential diagnosis and follow-up of this infection which in large skeletal muscles frequently is associated with abscess formation. Treatment consisted of antibiotics and surgical drainage.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

[Integrated imaging of head and neck tumors in children].

Examinations of 28 children with various tumors of the visceral cranium and neck have shown that both ultrasound and magnetic resonance tomography should be used primarily for diagnosis and follow-up. These tomographic methods are especially suitable for use in children. Ultrasound is better suited to visualization of localized, superficial masses and MRT to examination of deeper lying tumors within the complex structures of the visceral cranium and neck. X-rays in different planes should be regarded as supplementary examinations. The use of CT, preferably as high-resolution CT, provides more precise visualization of fine bone structures. Conventional tomography has been almost completely replaced by CT. Angiography is applied mainly in subsequent, interventional measures; videofluoroscopy should be used to examine lesions of the upper airways and digestive tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of imaging procedures].

Pediatric imaging today is mainly characterized by avoiding ionizing radiation. In this regard magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography are most suitable modalities. Compared to other methods--radiography, CT, nuclear scans and angiography--the importance of MRI and ultrasonography as primary or supplementary diagnostic tools for various organ systems--CNS and spinal canal, musculo-skeletal system, thorax, abdomen, small parts--are emphasized. As demonstrated in other western countries integrated diagnostic imaging in pediatrics must be the pediatric radiologist's chief task also in our hospitals.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Indications for magnetic resonance tomography in diseases of the central nervous system in children].

Answering the above mentioned questions we conclude: 1. MRT is the method of choice to get a precise, clear and reproducible imaging of malformations and space occupying lesions of the CNS. 2. MRT is able to detect inflammatory processes of the CNS earlier than CT. Extension and localization of which are illustrated more precisely. Because there is no ionizing radiation MRT is of importance for follow-up studies. Concerning diffuse inflammatory diseases or early diagnosis of Herpes simplex Encephalitis MRT yields more precise and earlier results. 3. In cases of cerebral seizures with or without lesions in EEG MRT should be used instead of CT. MRT offers multiplanar imaging; there are no bony artefacts. 4. CT is superior to MRT, if calcifications or acute bleedings are expected. MRT provides better differentiation of subacute and chronic hemorrhages. 5. To find out cerebral AV-Malformations MRT is better than angiography. Angiography, however, is important for preoperative questions, and for smaller AV-Malformations especially in the spinal canal. 6. Metabolic and degenerative lesions as well as disturbances of white matter myelination are better seen in MRT due to high soft tissue contrast. 7. In newborns and infants sonography is the best imaging modality and might be completed by MRT and/or CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Importance of MR tomography for the diagnosis of bone marrow diseases in childhood].

As a diagnostic and follow-up method of bone marrow diseases in children, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) possesses special importance. It is characterised by high sensitivity in detecting bone marrow lesions, high soft tissue--bone tissue contrast, sharp demarcation of intraosseous lesions and visualisation of vascular structures without application of contrast medium. Thus it is able above all to take on the findings of radionuclide bone scanning, computed tomography and angiography. In the detection of pathophysiological alterations of the corticalis and of calcifications it is less reliable than x-ray images and CT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Sonographic detection of embolic masses in the ventricular passage].

Using echocardiography, we succeeded in identifying thromboembolic masses in the heart of 5 patients suffering from massive pulmonary or arterial embolism. In another case we found a thrombus in the right ventricular outflow tract. Premonitorial pulmonary embolism preceded in all cases. One thrombus in arterial embolism was found by tm-echocardiography, five thrombi by sector-echocardiography. The examinations were performed after acute worsening of the clinical condition. In four patients, death resulted from the embolism, whereas two survived, one old patient without thrombolytic or operative therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasound diagnosis: principles of application].

Continuous technical development, more and more users of ultrasound and increasing experience in investigating various organs and regions of the human body have contributed to the fact that diagnostic ultrasound even in children today is a method of choice in many cases. The purpose of this report is to show the various indications and possibilities of ultrasound and to discuss the significance and value in comparison with other imaging modalities.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1984

[Status of sonography versus roentgen and computed tomography in the diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis].

Sonography proves a highly sensitive instrument in recognition of nephrocalcinosis (nc). We demonstrate four cases of cortical and medullary nc of different etiology. While abdominal x-rays were unsuspective sonography demonstrated typical findings of nc. In the medullary type of nc the sonographic findings are typical. On the other hand cortical hyperechogenity does not prove nc but in extreme cases. Computerized tomography is able to measure Hounsfield Units and to demonstrate by this deposits of calcium without necessity of histology. We discuss the differential diagnosis of highly echogenic cortical and medullary renal tissue.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical, sonographic and radiologic findings in spinal dysraphism of the lumbosacral region].

Demonstrating the clinical, sonographic and radiologic findings in three pediatric patients suffering from caudal spinal dysraphism the various diagnostic and therapeutic problems of neural tube defects are discussed. Important conclusions are as follows: (1) Early diagnosed and operated malformations of the caudal spine may cause neurologic, neurosurgical, urogenital, gastrointestinal and orthopedic complications even after uneventful years. Mostly the reason is a prevented ascensus of the conus medullaris. Therefore a longstanding follow-up of these patients is mandatory. (2) The patient's examiners have to look for cutaneous manifestations of spinal dysraphism even in the sacral region to avoid secondary damage. (3) Sonography today is a valuable diagnostic method not only applied for screening examinations but also to establish definite diagnoses in many cases. The application of other methods is therefore guided by sonographic findings.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Sonographic diagnosis of abdominal tumors in childhood].

The analysis of the case histories of 27 patients suffering from abdominal tumors - mainly localized within the retroperitoneal space - and observed during the last 4 years shows that sonography is the method of choice if an abdominal tumor is suspected. In only a few cases however a definite diagnosis was possible. In most cases additional roentgenologic methods such as intravenous pyelography, computerized tomography, rarely angiography and barium study were needed to get more information for diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand sonography should also be performed when there are uncharacteristic and ambiguous symptoms in order to detect tumors or systemic lymphatic diseases. Indication, results and sono-histologic patterns are discussed as is the importance of other imaging methods. Personal experience influencing the diagnostic procedure of dealing with abdominal tumors in children is reported in the second part of the paper including technical requirements of sonography equipment for use in children.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗