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M Reunanen

Publications and source records attributed to M Reunanen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparative bioavailability of carbamazepine from two slow-release preparations.

In order to compare the multiple-dose bioavailability of carbamazepine (CBZ) from 2 slow-release preparations, Neurotol slow and Tegretol Retard, a single-blind, randomized, cross-over study was carried out. 21 adult patients with epilepsy were enrolled in the study. At the end of both 2-week treatment periods, a blood sample series was drawn after the administration of the morning CBZ dose. The serum concentrations of CBZ, CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) and 10,11-dihydro-10,11-trans-dihydroxy-CBZ (CBZD) were measured using HPLC. The mean bioavailability of CBZ from Neurotol slow was 11% (P = 0.002) higher than from Tegretol Retard. Owing to the better bioavailability, the peak (Cmax), lowest (Cmin) and mean (Css) concentrations of CBZ were also significantly higher during Neurotol slow treatment. Fluctuation of serum CBZ concentrations (Cmax-Cmin/Css, ADCss/AUC0-12h) did not differ significantly between the 2 treatments; neither did tmax. Similar results were obtained with CBZE and CBZD. There were more epileptic seizures on Tegretol Retard than on Neurotol slow, but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that there are significant differences in the bioavailability of CBZ from these 2 slow-release preparations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study with a slow-release carbamazepine preparation.

The pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and side effects of carbamazepine (CBZ) in the steady-state condition were studied using a slow-release preparation (SR), Neurotol Slow, and a conventional preparation (C), Tegretol. Eighteen adult epileptic patients under CBZ therapy were evaluated in this single-blind, randomized cross-over study. The previous daily CBZ dose was kept unchanged and divided into 2 daily doses during two 2 week study periods. At the end of each period blood samples were drawn at frequent intervals for 12 h after the administration of the morning CBZ dose. Serum concentrations of unchanged CBZ and its main metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE), were determined by HPLC. Peak concentrations of CBZ and CBZE were significantly lower, and the time-lapse before CBZ reached its peak was significantly longer during SR treatment. The fluctuations in serum CBZ and CBZE were significantly lower during SR treatment. There was no significant difference in bioavailability between the 2 preparations. The number of epileptic seizures was 31 during SR and 57 during C treatment. Side effects were more common during C treatment. The occurrence of dizziness was significantly lower with SR treatment than with C treatment. We conclude that greater stability in serum CBZ and CBZE concentrations can be obtained by using an SR of CBZ, without reducing the bioavailability of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

T-lymphocyte subsets defined by double immunofluorescence in multiple sclerosis.

T-lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in the blood of 25 multiple sclerosis patients and 25 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Monoclonal antibodies labelled with different fluorochromes were used to define the percentages of CD4 (helper/inducer) and CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) positive cells and to dissect them into phenotypic subgroups. The results confirm the decrease in CD8 positive cells in the blood associated with multiple sclerosis. The subset showing the most marked decrease was the CD11 marker negative population, which has been reported to be associated with cytotoxicity rather than suppression. There was no significant decrease in the percentage of cells positive for both CD4 and CD45R markers reported to contain suppressor-inducer or naive T-helper cells in the MS patients. The results suggest that further dissection of T-cell subpopulations may clarify our understanding of this disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lymphocyte subsets in the cerebrospinal fluid in active multiple sclerosis.

We studied the relative number of lymphocyte subsets in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with active multiple sclerosis. The cells were double-labeled with monoclonal antibodies and were studied using a fluorescence-activated cell analyzer. The number of Leu2+Leu15+ cells and Leu3+Leu18+ cells was markedly reduced in the CSF but not in the peripheral blood of the patients. The number of Leu3+Leu18+ cells was reduced also in the CSF of control patients (patients with other inflammatory or infectious neurological diseases).

Flow Cytometry↗
PubMed1989

Production of viral antibodies in vitro by CSF cells from mumps meningitis and multiple sclerosis patients.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells from 4 mumps meningitis and 11 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were cultured in vitro for 7 days with and without pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. The cells produced varying amounts of IgG without stimulation and no significant increase of IgG synthesis was observed after PWM stimulation. Antibodies against mumps, measles, rubella, herpes simplex, and adeno viruses were measured in the supernatants of the cultures by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. In the mumps meningitis patients, the largest amount of antibody was against mumps virus but low amounts of antibodies with other specificities were also synthesized by CSF cells of one patient. The most commonly detected specificities in MS patients were against measles and rubella viruses, whereas antibodies against adeno and mumps viruses were detected in only one CSF cell supernatant. No antibodies produced against herpes simplex virus in vitro were detected in any of the supernatants. The amounts of viral antibodies produced in vitro and intrathecally were only partially correlated.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Immunological findings during an acute relapse of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in a patient with an unusually prolonged disease course.

A 171/2-year-old male subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient underwent a disease relapse after an 8 year remission. A total of 14 paired peripheral blood/cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained during this relapse. These specimens were tested for 13 parameters of non-specific or measles virus-specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity. There was a rapid and significant fluctuation in all of these tests. Total loss of measles-specific T cells response was found during the relapse. The response re-appeared and measles-specific antibodies increased significantly later on. The results suggest that measles virus infection was reactivated in this patient and that the observed immunological changes could at least partially be explained by this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Increased sister-chromatid exchange rate and its regression during prolonged incubation in lymphocyte cultures from patients with multiple sclerosis.

Peripheral venous blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis patients, cultured for 72 h in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, appeared to have a higher sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) rate than cells from matched controls. Prolongation of the incubation time to 9 days by adding interleukin-2 to the cultures, caused the cells from the MS patients to lose their increased SCE frequency, so that the mean rate no longer differed from that of the controls. The SCE rate of the controls did not change significantly on prolonged incubation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Circulating immune complexes in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Levels of immune complexes (ICs) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients were measured using a solid-phase C1q radioimmunoassay. Single or serial serum specimens were available from 19 patients, while serial CSF specimens were available from two patients. ICs isolated from one CSF specimen by C1q immobilized to Affi-Gel were analyzed for measles virus antigens by binding of measles virus-specific antisera and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting. Of 78 serum specimens analyzed, 36 (46%) were positive for ICs. When the 8 patients with 3 or more serum specimens were analyzed, 6 had fluctuating levels of ICs. Two of 5 CSF specimens obtained from a patient during acute disease onset were IC-positive, while a second patient exhibited a rapid increase and decrease of IC levels in 14 CSF specimens obtained during an acute disease exacerbation. Composition analysis of ICs isolated from one of the CSF specimens revealed the presence of antigens corresponding in size to measles virus polymerase, nucleoprotein, and possibly, hemagglutinin polypeptides. These results show that SSPE patients frequently have ICs, that IC levels fluctuate in both serum and CSF, and that the ICs are at least partially composed of measles virus antigens.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

Kidney growth after pyeloplasty in childhood.

The postoperative increase of the renal parenchyma, measured with planimetry on repeated urography films, was studied in 24 infants and children. All patients had been operated on because of unilateral stenosis of the pelvioureteral junction. When the results were analyzed in a pair-control manner the paired members were almost identical for age at operation, affected side, sex, presenting clinical sign and length of followup. The 12 patients who underwent a dismembered pyeloplasty displayed a significantly stronger mean catch-up growth of the relative parenchymal area than the 12 patients who underwent a nondismembered technique. Speculatively, this difference may reflect in part the protection of the growing renal parenchyma by the preoperatively compliant and wide renal pelvis, which had led to resection and dismembered correction.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Measles and rubella virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis. A longitudinal study of serum and CSF specimens by radioimmunoassay.

A longitudinal study on rubella, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in serial serum and CSF specimens from 20 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was performed, using solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were also measured to check the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the intrathecal IgG production. All the patients had local IgG production in their CNA. A local antibody production against one or more of the viruses studied was evident in 15 patients. Fluctuations in the intrathecal viral antibody synthesis were evident in eight patients. No correlation was found between these changes and the clinical course of the disease. The results suggest that the intrathecal antibody synthesis in MS is only partially against any given virus, and in most patients the bulk of the oligoclonal CSF antibodies is against antigens other than those studied here.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

HLA antigens and antibody responses to measles and rubella viruses in multiple sclerosis.

Twenty-four HLA-antigens coded by loci A and B were determined serologically for 60 multiple sclerosis patients from Northern Finland. Forty-five of the patients were also typed by mixed leucocyte culture reactivity for HLA-Dw2. The only statistically significant difference in antigen frequencies in these patients compared with those in controls was the decrease of HLA-A2 among patients. Measles and rubella antibody titres in patients with and without HLA-Dw2 and HLA-B7 antigens were compared using a sensitive radioimmunoassay method. There was no difference between age- and sex-matched patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Arachnoid cyst of the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve with unilateral disc oedema and transient shallowing of the anterior chamber. A case report.

An unusual occurrence of chronic monocular disc oedema, visual loss and shallowing of the anterior chamber in a patient with an arachnoid cyst involving a portion of the intraorbital optic nerve was reported. Decompression of the optic nerve sheath through a Krönlein approach was followed by prompt deepening of the anterior chamber and a gradual, delayed relief of the disc oedema. It is concluded that orbitotomy and decompression of the optic nerve sheath should be done before atrophic changes of the optic nerve and visual loss begin to develop.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Bromocryptine].

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Acromegaly↗