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Biomedical subjects

M Reznikoff

Publications and source records attributed to M Reznikoff.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The relationship between personality type and style of alcohol use.

Two hundred fifty male, alcoholic VA inpatients were administered the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) and the Alcohol Use Inventory (AUI). A cluster analysis, based on the scales of the MCMI, yielded three clusters: Cluster 1 was the smallest and was described by the least overall psychopathology. Cluster 2 had significant elevations on Antisocial, Narcissistic, Paranoid, Drug and Alcohol Abuse scales. Cluster 3 was the largest and had significant elevations on Avoidant, Schizoid, Dependent, Passive-Aggressive, Anxiety, Dysthymia, and Alcohol Abuse scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Bootstrapping: a tool for clinical research.

The use of the bootstrap sampling technique is applied to the type of data found in clinical research. Confidence intervals are computed for simulated values by use of SAS. By applying this approach, clinical researchers are free to explore topics that do not meet the requirements of traditional statistical analytic methods.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Identity integration and ego pathology in disturbed adolescents.

Utilizing the Rorschach and the Wechsler, groups of borderline adolescents (n = 26) and adolescents with other personality disorders (n = 26) were compared to determine whether there were differences in magnitude and type of disturbances in ego functioning. The specific aspects of ego functioning that were studied included disturbances in identity integration, reliance on primitive defensive operations, vulnerability to regressive thinking, and lapses in reality appreciation. Results indicated that during adolescence the borderline personality represents a more severe form of character pathology than other personality disorders, as revealed by more disturbances in identity integration, a greater regression to primary-process thinking in unstructured settings, and more frequent lapses in reality testing. This contrast was most striking in the area of identity integration, where identity disturbances tended to be associated with lapses in reality testing in borderline adolescents, while there was essentially no relationship between these two indicators of ego pathology in non-borderline adolescents. This supports the notion that disturbances in identity integration, or the sense of self, form an important part of the borderline diagnosis, even during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Frequency of reported premenstrual changes in normal and self-selected populations.

Premenstrual Assessment Form (PAF) data are presented on the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome subtypes in self-referred women (N = 60) who were requesting an evaluation for premenstrual difficulties. These data are compared to the normative data of Halbreich and Endicott (1982). The PAF offers the advantages of comprehensive symptom coverage and criteria for non-mutually exclusive subtypes of premenstrual disorder. Although the PAF relies on retrospective accounts of premenstrual difficulty, it allows the exploration of the relationships between perception of premenstrual symptoms and sample selection criteria. The present data suggest that sample characteristics such as their manner of selection for study will influence significantly the prevalence of PAF subtypes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of aggressive and nonaggressive rock songs on projective and structured tests.

The differences between hostility scores on projective and objective tests as a function of listening to aggressive or nonaggressive rock music were studied. While taking the Thematic Apperception Test (Cards 1, 3BM, 4, 9BM, and 10) and the Buss-Durkee (1957) Hostility Scale, subjects (N = 90) randomly assigned to one of three groups listened to a rock song with (a) nonaggressive music and nonaggressive lyrics, (b) aggressive music and nonaggressive lyrics, or (c) aggressive music and aggressive lyrics. TAT stories were scored for aggressive content according to Hafner and Kaplan's (1960) hostility rating scale. Hostility scores did not differ between groups. The findings are congruent with other investigators' reports that subjects do not pay attention to rock lyrics. Previous findings that music affects the emotional quality of TAT stories and hostility scores on the Buss-Durkee scale were not supported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Psychosocial adjustment to a mastectomy.

Increasing attention is being given to treating the psychosocial as well as the physical needs of mastectomy patients. The present study investigated and endeavored to quantify the psychological, sexual, and social adjustment reactions to a mastectomy, the possible interaction of these reactions, and the role of environmental support in mediating these responses. Forty married and 37 unmarried mastectomy patients completed a battery of tests, including the Body-Cathexis/Self-Cathexis Scale, SCL-90, Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report, Perceived Social Support Scale, and a Support Questionnaire. Overall findings indicated that a mastectomy has the potential for affecting psychological, sexual, and social adjustment for at least a limited time post-operatively. Specifically, significant correlations were found between psychological, sexual, and social adjustment. Significant differences were also demonstrated in the married/nonmarried comparison. Additionally, results emphasized the importance of environmental support for postoperative adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Cognitive dysfunction and change in multiple sclerosis.

A cross-sectional study of 60 multiple sclerosis outpatients assessed neuropsychological variables in relation to age, duration of disease, and degree of disability. The test battery included subtests of the WAIS (Vocabulary, Similarities, and Digit Span);the Raven matrices; and memory tests (Wechsler Paired Associates, Benton Visual Retention). Results showed that cognitive functioning of MS patients varies considerably. There is a general mild decline that affects abstract reasoning and memory as the disease progresses. These deficits are usually not sufficient to impair occupational or social functioning. In addition, there is spotty deterioration in certain cognitive functions for some patients (17%). Only a small subsample (6.7%), however, showed global deterioration significant enough to be highlighted by an Index of Dementia that was developed for this investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychosocial factors in outcome in two opiate addiction treatments.

Thirty naltrexone and 30 methadone patients in outpatient opiate addiction treatment were compared on pretreatment somatization, stress, and family support. Also, the relationship between these pretreatment variables and outcome in terms of drug abuse and retention was examined. In the methadone group, drug abuse was correlated significantly with somatization, stress, and family support. In the naltrexone group, retention was correlated significantly with somatization and stress. Treatment and research considerations were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychosocial adjustment, modality choice, and outcome in naltrexone versus methadone treatment.

Thirty naltrexone and 30 methadone patients in outpatient opiate addiction treatment were compared on pretreatment psychosocial adjustment and on short-term outcome in terms of drug abuse and retention. Also, the relationship between pretreatment psychosocial adjustment and outcome for the total sample was assessed. The naltrexone and methadone groups were generally not significantly different in pretreatment psychosocial adjustment. The two groups differed significantly in retention, but not in drug abuse outcome. Pretreatment drug abuse was significantly related to drug abuse outcome. No aspect of pretreatment psychosocial functioning was related to retention outcome. Treatment and research implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The relationship between death anxiety and the subjective experience of time in the elderly.

The present study explored the relationship between participants' level of anxiety about death and both their sense of purposefulness in life and their personal experience of time controlling for the effects of participants' general anxiety and social desirability set. Participants were 145 women aged sixty to eighty-five, members of senior citizens clubs in suburban New Jersey, who agreed to complete a booklet of questionnaires at home and return them anonymously. As hypothesized, respondents high in measured death anxiety were found to be more likely to express less sense of purposefulness to their lives, a sense that time is moving forward, a feeling of being harassed and pressured by the passage of time, an experienced discontinuity and lack of direction in their lives, an inclination to procrastinate and be inefficient in their use of time, and a reported disposition towards being inconsistent. For the most part, the relationship between death anxiety and the other variables was found to hold even when the effects of general anxiety and social desirability were partialed out.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

A factor analysis of creativity in fraternal and identical twins.

The relationship between intelligence and creativity and their factorial structure have been extensively discussed, with little empirical evidence and less agreement as to the meaning. A study of 117 pairs of like sexed fraternal and identical twins was undertaken, with each twin participating in an extensive battery of creativity tests.A factor analysis indicated three factors for the fraternal twins and two for the identical twins, the results supporting both (a) the notion that the common variance of creativity measures may be accounted for by a general intelligence factor, and (b) the division of creativity into a verbal and a figural domain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Creativity and body image boundaries.

Descriptions of the creative individual or the individual who can regress in the service of the ego seem to parallel Fisher and Cleveland's (1968) description of the high barrier individual: well-integrated; self-sufficient, but often outgoing and communicative; and able to experience a full range of sensation and emotions without neurotic anxiety. The relationships between Barrier and five measures associated with creativity were investigated, using 100 paid male college student volunteers. The results support the notion that creativity is not a functional unity. Barrier was found to be related to aristic, expressive creativity which seems to be related to interest in human interactions, but unrelated to creativity associated with scientific endeavors and unrelated to creative receptivity (i.e., purest adaptive regression).

Art↗