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Biomedical subjects

M Riaz

Publications and source records attributed to M Riaz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Buccinator sandwich pushback: a new technique for treatment of secondary velopharyngeal incompetence.

OBJECTIVE: A small percentage of patients have inadequate velopharyngeal closure, or secondary velopharyngeal incompetence, following primary palatoplasty. Use of the buccinator musculomucosal flap has been described for primary palate repair with lengthening, but its use in secondary palate lengthening for the correction of insufficient velopharyngeal closure has not been described. This study presents the results of a series of patients who had correction of secondary velopharyngeal incompetence using bilateral buccinator musculomucosal flaps used as a sandwich. PATIENTS: In this prospective study between 1995 and 1998, a group of 16 patients with insufficient velopharyngeal closure as determined by speech assessment and videoradiography were selected. Nasopharyngoscopy was carried out in addition in a number of cases. Case selection was a result of these investigations and clinical examination in which the major factor in velopharyngeal insufficiency was determined to be short palatal length. DESIGN: The patients underwent palate lengthening using bilateral buccinator musculomucosal flaps as a sandwich. All patients were assessed 6 months postoperatively. The operative technique, postoperative course, and recorded postoperative complications including partial/total flap necrosis and residual velopharyngeal insufficiency were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative speech samples were rated by an independent speech therapist. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent (15 of 16) had a significant improvement in velopharyngeal insufficiency, and 14 patients had no hypernasality postoperatively. Both cases of persistent mild hypernasality had had a recognized postoperative complication. CONCLUSION: The sandwich pushback technique for the correction of persistent velopharyngeal incompetence was successful in achieving good speech results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Thumb reconstruction by pedicled transfer of the second toe.

Microsurgery and free tissue transfer play a vital role in the modern practice of reconstructive surgery. Prior to the advent of microsurgical free tissue transfer pedicle flaps were the workhorse of a reconstructive surgeon. We report a case of thumb reconstruction by pedicled transfer of the second toe with functional and aesthetic outcome. This case was performed in Pakistan where microsurgical facilities were not available.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Ursene type nortriterpene from Debregeasia salicifolia.

A new triterpene, 3beta-19alpha-dihydroxy-30-norurs-12-ene (1), has been isolated from the methanolic extract of Debregeasia salicifolia stems. Its structure has been elucidated with the help of one- and two-dimensional NMR and NOE studies. Lupeol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and oleanolic acid are also reported for the first time from this species.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Daphwazirin, biscoumarin glycopyranoside from Daphne oleoides.

Daphwazirin, a new biscoumarin glycoside (1), along with four known compounds (2), (3), (4) and (5) has been isolated from the roots of Daphne oleoides. Its chemical structure is established as 7-hydroxy-8-[2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7'-(O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl)-6'-yl]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one through spectroscopic techniques and chemical analysis.

Chromatography↗
PubMed2000

Innovations in flap design: modified groin flap for closure of multiple finger defects.

The groin flap is frequently used for covering soft-tissue defects of the hand. It is normally utilised as a single unit to cover the defect. When used for coverage of multiple digital defects, it requires syndactylisation of the digits with a further procedure to divide the syndactylised digits some time after division of the main pedicle. We report a new technique of fashioning 'daughter flaps' from the groin flap at the time of elevation, and their use to cover full-thickness burns to the dorsum of PIP joints in both hands thus avoiding the need for syndactylisation of the digits.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus in water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan.

A survey of antibodies to bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) known as bovine lentivirus and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted with samples from water buffalo and cattle populations in Pakistan. A total of 370 water buffaloes and 76 cattle were tested, and 10.3% and 15.8%, respectively, were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies determined by Western blotting, while 0.8% of water buffaloes and no cattle were positive for anti-BLV antibodies determined by immunodiffusion test. BIV-seropositive water buffaloes and cattle were found to have BIV proviral DNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells determined by nested polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of BIV infections in water buffaloes.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A technique for repair of the 'unrepairable' cleft palate.

The 'unrepairable' cleft palate may be described as one in which the width of the cleft exceeds the sum of the widths of the palatal shelves. A report of such a case is presented, and the technique used to repair the cleft using bilateral buccinator musculomucosal flaps is described. It is offered as a suggested technique for the management of such cases in the future.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1999

Long term outcome of early active mobilization following flexor tendon repair in zone 2.

We reviewed 34 patients with 65 zone 2 flexor tendon injuries in 39 digits whose outcome had been prospectively studied in an earlier investigation at a mean of 10.6 years after repair. Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer. Outcome of grip strength in relation to normal data indicated an excellent or good outcome in 94% of patients, fair in 3% and poor in 3%. Using the grading system recommended by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, the active range of motion was graded as excellent or good in 75% of digits, fair in 15% and poor in 10%. These results compare favourably with those of the original study with 5/39 of digits showing an improvement from good to excellent. Sixteen of the 34 of patients continued to suffer from cold sensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The V-Y Palmar flap.

We describe a V-Y palmar flap that allows both skin advancement and scar lengthening, and which has proved useful in the treatment of Dupuytren's disease.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

An anomalous muscle in the hand.

An anomalous muscle crossing the wrist joint is described. The morphology and clinical relevance of this and other unnamed muscles occurring at the wrist are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A regional audit of hand and wrist injuries. A study of 4873 injuries.

This study reports the characteristics, causes and disposal of isolated injuries to the hand and wrist presenting to six accident and emergency departments over a period of 4 months. The rate of isolated injury to the hand or wrist was 6.6%. The male: female ratio was 2.2: 1, with the mean age for injury being 26.4 years in men and 29.2 years in women. The modal age group for injury was 21-25 years in men and 11-15 years in women. The right and left hand were injured almost equally. The dominant hand was more commonly injured although this was influenced by the cause of injury: 16.3% were caused by a fall; 15% by sport; and 7% were work/machinery related. 13.3% were referred to specialities for further treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Radial artery aneurysm in a case of neurofibromatosis.

Vasculopathy as part of the syndrome of neurofibromatosis is well recognised, although rarely identified clinically. A recent report describes a case with rupture of an aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery. We present a case of radial artery aneurysm, a previously unreported complication of neurofibromatosis affecting the upper limb.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1998

A new twist to the myocutaneous turnover flap for closure of a spinal defect.

We have described the deepithelialized myocutaneous turnover of a gluteus maximus island flap based on the superior gluteal vessels used for closure of an acquired midline defect of the lower back complicated by cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Cerebrospinal fluid fistula, although a rare complication of an acquired midline back defect, further adds to the reconstructive challenge of such a wound. As this case illustrates, cerebrospinal fluid fistula can have serious and potentially life-threatening implications and so demands rapid surgical intervention. Dural patching with fascia lata graft having already failed, reconstruction was achieved using a well vascularized deepithelialized cutaneous patch on a gluteus maximus island turnover flap. The technique of deepithelializing a skin island for dural repair could be applied to any myocutaneous flap used in reconstruction of a midline back defect complicated by cerebrospinal fluid leak. This provides a method of dural repair and reconstruction of the defect in one step and obviates the need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Development of a simple enzyme immunoassay for blood haptoglobin concentration in cattle and its application in improving food safety.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the role of haptoglobin, a major acute-phase reactant protein in cattle, as a marker to identify health/disease status in cattle and further assess its potential in improving food safety. SAMPLE POPULATION: Serum samples from various cattle groups: clinically normal cattle comprising steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) before death (antemortem [AM]); retained carcasses (n = 57) railed off the line during postmortem (PM) inspection; and apparently AM normal culled dairy cows (n = 57). PROCEDURE: Efficacy of the simplified monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay was established by comparing results of haptoglobin tests performed independently on aliquots of serum samples by 3 laboratories. RESULTS: Haptoglobin concentration was significantly (P< or = 0.0001) different between the PM retained carcass group (n = 57) and the AM steer (n = 157) and culled dairy cow (n = 92) groups. In addition, haptoglobin concentration in AM steers (n = 157) and culled dairy cows (n = 92) was significantly (P < or = 0.0012) different, possibly reflecting a higher percentage of underlying pathologic or inflammatory conditions in animals of the latter group. Evaluation in 3 laboratories of sera from a group of culled dairy cows (n = 57), each laboratory performing a different test procedure, indicated that correlation of haptoglobin concentrations was good between the reported test procedure and the unmodified test and the classical hemoglobin-binding assay that measures peroxidase activity. CONCLUSION: Haptoglobin determination is effective in identifying diseased and healthy cattle. It may be a potentially important tool for application at the farm and slaughterhouse as an aid in improving food safety.

Animals↗