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Biomedical subjects

M Riddle

Publications and source records attributed to M Riddle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Intellectual, academic, and adaptive functioning of Tourette syndrome children with and without attention deficit disorder.

The intellectual, academic, and adaptive strengths and weaknesses of 30, medication-free children (M = 10.5 years) with Tourette syndrome (TS) were assessed with a battery of standardized psychoeducational measures and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results indicated significant relative weaknesses in mental and written arithmetic, and relative strengths in reading achievement and abstract, logical thinking. Socialization skills emerged as a significant weakness in adaptive functioning. Comparisons between TS children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H) (n = 19) weakness in both groups in all areas assessed, but significantly lower performance IQs in TS subjects with ADD-H. These findings are discussed in relation to future research with TS children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Diabetes-specific social learning variables and self-care behaviors among persons with type II diabetes.

This study assessed the relationship between diabetes-specific social learning factors and diabetes self-care. Predictor variables were collected within the categories of knowledge (e.g., behavioral demonstrations, pencil-and-paper tests), beliefs/expectations (e.g., self-efficacy, self-motivation), skills (e.g., problem-solving and refusal skills), and environmental support (e.g., barriers to adherence, family support). Different results emerged across the three areas of the regimen assessed: diet, exercise, and glucose testing. Multiple-regression analyses revealed that the social learning variables consistently improved the prediction of self-care beyond that attributable to demographic variables but that the categories of social learning variables most closely related to self-care varied across regimen areas. These findings suggest that programs to enhance diabetes self-care could beneficially focus on life-style behaviors and employ strategies to increase regimen-related expectations and diabetes-specific social and problem-solving skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Plasma ascorbate concentrations and blood cell dehydroascorbate transport in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by blood granulocytes and mononuclear cells are slower, and plasma ascorbate concentrations are lower, among persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic subjects. These measurements do not correlate with one another or with simultaneously measured plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin; they do not differ with type of diabetes or mode of treatment. In those diabetic granulocytes that exhibit slow dehydroascorbate uptake, maximal velocity (Vmax) transport rates for dehydroascorbate, 2-deoxyglucose, and 3-O-methylglucose are decreased, each to the same degree, while Km values for transport of these ligands are not different from those observed in nondiabetic cells. Since diffusion of these ligands is facilitated by a common transporter, these observations may reflect decreased numbers of glucose transporters in the plasma membranes of some diabetic leukocytes.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1984

Assessing treatment response to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor isocarboxazid.

The response to the MAOI isocarboxazid was investigated in a two-phase protocol. Phase 1 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study; Phase 2 was an open active medication trial for Phase 1 placebo patients who still met symptom criteria. In Phase 1, 60 male outpatients were randomly divided into placebo or active medication groups. Mean platelet MAO inhibition was 86% by Week 1, while significant symptomatic improvement was not seen until Week 3. In Phase 2, 16 of the symptomatic placebo patients were given an open trial on isocarboxazid; thus, 43 patients received a trial of active medication. Separation of responders (N = 26) from nonresponders (N = 17) by discriminant function analysis using 3 entry variables (platelet MAO activity, standing diastolic blood pressure, and psychomotor irregularity) accounted for 28% of the variance, with correct classification of 32 of the 43 patients.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1983

Interaction between glucose and dehydroascorbate transport in human neutrophils and fibroblasts.

Dehydroascorbate (DHA) competitively inhibits the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose by human blood neutrophils; 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose competitively inhibit dehydroascorbate uptake. Ratios of Km to Kl are near unity for each of these ligands. Exposure of cultured human fibroblasts to insulin enhances cytochalasin B-inhibitable uptake of DHA and of 2-deoxyglucose, both to the same degree. These observations suggest that DHA transport is mediated by glucose transport systems in human neutrophils and fibroblasts.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1982

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor-responsive depression.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have documented the efficacy of some monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in treating certain depressed patients. This preliminary report of a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the MAO inhibitor isocarboxazid (Marplan) examines the time course of platelet MAO inhibition and treatment response, and describes symptoms that distinguish markedly improved from slightly improved responders. Thirty male outpatients, ages 28-64, randomly divided into placebo (n = 15) and active medication (n = 15) groups, were followed weekly. Medication was started at 20 mg daily and increased to achieve 90% platelet MAO inhibition. Data were analyzed for 24 patients who completed at least 3 weeks of the study. A clinician's global change rating at the study's conclusion showed that 12 of 13 patients (92%) in the active medication group improved, while 3 of 11 (27%) patients in the placebo group improved. Significant symptomatic improvement occurred in the active treatment group by week 3. Trends suggest that anxiety improved first (week 2), followed by depression (week 3), and finally cognitive outlook (week 6). Only minimal difficulties were observed with orthostatic hypotension, hypertensive crises, or other side effects. At baseline, the only significant difference between the markedly improved and slightly improved groups was greater psychomotor retardation in the markedly improved group. Trends suggest that the markedly improved group showed less depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and weight loss, fewer gastrointestinal complaints, and more helplessness and worthlessness.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Human cell dehydroascorbate reductase. Kinetic and functional properties.

Dehydroascorbate reductase (glutathione: dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.5.1) activity was examined in crude cytosol extracts of human cells. In blood neutrophil and lymphocyte extracts, the Km at pH 6.85 for dehydroascorbate was 1.3 mM, and for reduced glutathione 3.8 mM. Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by intact human neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts were proportional to cytosol dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Dehydroascorbate reduction during dehydroascorbate uptake by these cells may be entirely enzymatic.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

Psychosurgery and the Porteus Maze Tests: review and reanalysis of data.

Because of current interest in assessing psychosurgery outcome, a reanalysis of Porteus maze test findings was done. The maze tests are generally considered to measure foresight and judgment. Review of the literature relating to the effects of practice on the test shows average gains of 1.25 years on the second application of the test and an additional gain of 0.70 years on the third application. Much of the early psychosurgery research did not take practice effects into account. Reanalysis of data shows that the magnitude of changes in maze performance depends on the site of surgery and length of time between surgery and testing. The more posterior the frontal lobe surgery, the shorter the postoperative interval, the greater the loss in maze test ability. Losses following relatively posterior frontal lobe surgery are probably permanent.

Frontal Lobe↗