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Biomedical subjects

M Rigo

Publications and source records attributed to M Rigo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

'SOSORT consensus paper on brace action: TLSO biomechanics of correction (investigating the rationale for force vector selection)'.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of orthotic treatment continues to be controversial in international medical literature due to differences in the reported results and conclusions of various studies. Heterogeneity of the samples has been suggested as a reason for conflicting results. Besides the obvious theoretical differences between the brace concepts, the variability in the technical factors can also explain the contradictory results between same brace types. This paper will investigate the degree of variability among responses of scoliosis specialists from the Brace Study Ground of the International Society on Scoliosis Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Treatment SOSORT. Ultimately, this information could be a foundation for establishing a consensus and framework for future prospective controlled studies. METHODS: A preliminary questionnaire on the topic of 'brace action' relative to the theory of three-dimensional scoliosis correction and brace treatment was developed and circulated to specialists interested in the conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A particular case was presented (main thoracic curve with minor lumbar). Several key points emerged and were used to develop a second questionnaire which was discussed and full filed after the SOSORT consensus meeting (Milano, Italy, January 2005). RESULTS: Twenty-one questionnaires were completed. The Chêneau brace was the most frequently recommended. The importance of the three point system mechanism was stressed. Options about proper pad placement on the thoracic convexity were divided 50% for the pad reaching or involving the apical vertebra and 50% for the pad acting caudal to the apical vertebra. There was agreement about the direction of the vector force, 85% selecting a 'dorso lateral to ventro medial' direction but about the shape of the pad to produce such a force. Principles related to three-dimensional correction achieved high consensus (80%-85%), but suggested methods of correction were quite diverse. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that among participating SOSORT specialists there continues to be a strongly held and conflicting if not a contentious opinion regarding brace design and treatment. If the goal of a 'treatment consensus' is realistic and achievable, significantly more effort will be required to reconcile these differences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Isolation and selection of phenol-degrading microorganisms from industrial wastewaters and kinetics of the biodegradation.

Among 22 species of microorganisms isolated from phenol-containing wastewaters, Candida parapsilopsis was found to be capable of growth on a medium with 1 g/L phenol. Kinetic parameters of phenol biodegradation in a batch reactor were determined by measuring biomass growth rates and phenol concentration as a function of fermentation time. The Haldane equation described cell growth adequately, with kinetic constants mumax = 0.174/h, KS = 11.2 mg/L and Ki = 298 mg/L.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed2002

Retrospective results in immature idiopathic scoliotic patients treated with a Chêneau brace.

This paper reports a retrospective series which includes 105 idiopathic scoliotic patients treated with a Chêneau brace. With an average age of 12.5 years old and a mean Risser sign of 0.9, the initial major Cobb angle was 36.8 degrees corrected to 25.9 degrees in the brace (31.1% of the primary correction), and the major torsion angle was 16.8 degrees corrected to 12.9 degrees in the brace (22.2% of the primary correction). 37 patients have finished the treatment with a mean follow-up of 16.8 months. For this group, the initial Cobb and torsion angles were not significantly changed (36.4 degrees Cobb to 34.1 degrees Cobb at follow-up, and 16.9 degrees Perdriolle to 15.7 degrees Perdriolle at follow-up). The proportion of patients without progression greater than 5 degrees Cobb (n=20) and with an improved final Cobb angle (n=10) was greater than failures (n=7). However, due to the catastrophic nature of some progressions which generally coincide with a high Cobb angle right from the start, with low primary correction, and with non-compliance, the final Cobb angle showed a slight tendency to decrease but without reaching high significance. These preliminary results demonstrate that the Chêneau brace can effectively prevent the progression of Cobb and torsion angles, even in cases of bad prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Localization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptor protein in human and rat brain using specific antisera.

The mouse 5-HT2C receptor and its third and fourth (C-terminal) cytoplasmic domain have been expressed as fusion proteins in bacteria. After purification antisera were generated against the fusion proteins. Characterization by immunoblotting using eukaryotic cells expressing the 5-HT2C and 5-HT2A receptors showed that high titer antibodies could be obtained only against the third and fourth cytoplasmic domain but not the entire receptor. Affinity purified antibodies were used to study the location of 5-HT2C receptors in rat and human brain sections. This distribution was compared with the location of 5-HT2C receptor binding sites as determined by [3H]mesulergine, a 5-HT2C receptor radioligand. The antibodies recognized sites in the rat choroid plexus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra with a similar distribution as the 5-HT2C binding sites. One antiserum directed against the 5-HT2C receptor C-terminus crossreacted with the human receptor protein in immunoblots. In human brain sections it labelled sites including cerebral cortex, substantia nigra and cerebellum. Our results demonstrate that the antibodies are suitable to identify 5-TH2C receptors in rat and human brain. They visualize a protein distribution which correlates well with the location of the 5-HT2C receptor binding sites as would be expected if affinity states do not influence the binding pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Chronic mianserin or eltoprazine treatment in rats: effects on the elevated plus-maze test and on limbic 5-HT2C receptor levels.

Rats were chronically treated with mianserin (10 mg/kg i.p.) or eltoprazine (1 mg/kg i.p.) and were tested in the elevated plus-maze test for anxiety. 5-HT2C (previously 5-HT1C, see Humphrey et al., 1993, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 14, 223) binding sites and their mRNA were evaluated in limbic structures (i.e., amygdala, hippocampus, septum) of a sample of these rats by autoradiographic binding studies and in situ hybridization histochemistry. Mianserin and eltoprazine displayed opposite effects in the elevated plus-maze: mianserin induced anxiolytic-like effects, while eltoprazine showed anxiogenic-like ones. Within the amygdala, but not in other structures, the quantitative autoradiographic analysis of the 5-HT2C binding sites showed a differential effect: mianserin treatment induced a decrease in the number of these sites, while eltoprazine treatment resulted in an increase. In spite of this, neither mianserin- nor eltoprazine-treated rats displayed an alteration in the 5-HT2C receptor mRNA levels in the brain regions examined. Our results are suggestive of a relation between anxiolytic/anxiogenic-like effects and the level of 5-HT2C binding sites in the amygdala.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1994

Localization of somatostatin (SRIF) SSTR-1, SSTR-2 and SSTR-3 receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization.

In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed to analyse the distribution of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of three putative somatostatin (SRIF) receptors in rat brain, using oligonucleotide probes derived from the cDNA coding for SSTR-1, SSTR-2, and SSTR-3 receptors. SSTR-1 signals were found in layers V-VI of the cerebral cortex, in primary olfactory cortex, taenia tecta, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, granular layer of the dentate gyrus, amygdala and cerebellar nuclei. Signals for SSTR-2 were found in the frontal cerebral cortex (layers IV, V and VI), taenia tecta, claustrum, endopiriform nucleus, locus coeruleus, medial habenula, subiculum, granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and amygdala. High levels of SSTR-3 hybridization were found in the olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortex, islands of Calleja, medial habenula, amygdala, granular layer of the dentate gyrus, various thalamic and pontine nuclei and in the granular and Purkinje cell layers of the cerebellum. The distribution of the hybridization signals of the oligoprobes is consistent with the labelling of specific SRIF binding sites in rat brain. Especially, SSTR-2 and SSTR-1 oligos seem to label regions in which SS-1 and SS-2 receptors, respectively, have been previously characterized in autoradiographical studies. The situation is less clear with SSTR-3 mRNA, since SRIF binding in adult rats is usually low or absent in cerebellum, although some cerebellar nuclei appear to be labelled in the adult. The localization of SSTR-1, SSTR-2 and SSTR-3 mRNAs suggests that SRIF receptor subtypes in rat brain show profound differences in their distribution and are involved in a variety of central, in addition to neuroendocrine, functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesion on mianserin-induced conditioned place aversion and on 5-hydroxytryptamine1C receptors in the rat brain.

The lesion of serotonergic neurons (by an intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine) potentiated the conditioned place aversion induced by the 5-hydroxytryptamine1C/5-hydroxytryptamine2 antagonist mianserin in rats. This effect was selective for mianserin as the same lesion suppressed the conditioned place aversion induced by the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG-7142. Previous results had shown the involvement of the 5-hydroxytryptamine1C receptors in the conditioned place aversion induced by mianserin [Rocha et al. (1993) Behav. Pharmac. 4, 101-106]. It was thus of interest to investigate the effect of the lesion on these receptor binding sites. Autoradiographic binding studies showed that the lesion significantly increased the concentration of the 5-hydroxytryptamine1C binding sites in various brain regions, including the amygdala, the hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens. Contrastingly, in these same brain regions, in situ hybridization histochemistry did not reveal an alteration of the level of messenger RNA coding for these receptors. On the one hand, correlating potentiation of the aversive effects of mianserin and increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine1C binding sites in the limbic system represent an interesting step in the comprehension of the molecular and motivational effects of serotonergic drugs. On the other hand, showing a dissociation between the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine1C receptors and their corresponding messenger RNA, suggest that post-transcriptional mechanisms are involved in the regulation of these receptors.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1993

[Snow board accidents. Multicenter Swiss snow board study 1992/93 with the cooperation of the bfu].

Snowboarding has become increasingly popular in recent years. A prospective multicenter study was therefore performed during the winter 1992/93. 345 injuries were analysed and compared with 305 healthy snowboarders on the slopes. Preliminary results show predominantly injuries of the upper extremity comparative to those suffered from alpine skiing. Protection of the hand and wrist is recommended as well as an instruction for a special technique for falling as measurements for accident prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Regional distribution of neuropeptide somatostatin gene expression in the human brain.

The regional distribution of mRNA coding for the neuropeptide somatostatin has been studied in the human brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 32P-labeled oligonucleotides. We show that somatostatin mRNA-containing neurons are widely distributed in a number of nuclei and grey areas of the human brain, including neocortex, putamen, nucleus caudatus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, midbrain, medulla oblongata, hippocampal formation, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, and posterior nucleus of the hypothalamus. No significant hybridization signal was observed in the substantia nigra, claustrum, globus pallidus, thalamus, and cerebellum. The topographic localization of neurons containing SOM mRNA in the human brain is in agreement with previous studies using immunocytochemical or radioimmunoassay techniques. These results show that in situ hybridization histochemistry with oligonucleotide probes can be used to map the distribution of neurons expressing SOM mRNA in human postmortem materials.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Neurotensin receptor binding levels in basal ganglia are not altered in Huntington's chorea or schizophrenia.

Autoradiographic techniques were used to examine the distribution and levels of neurotensin receptor binding sites in the basal ganglia and related regions of the human brain. Monoiodo ([125I]-Tyr3)neurotensin was used as a ligand. High amounts of neurotensin receptor binding sites were found in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Lower but significant quantities of neurotensin receptor binding sites characterized the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens, while very low quantities were seen in both medial and lateral segments of the globus pallidus. In Huntington's chorea, the levels of neurotensin receptor binding sites were found to be comparable to those of control cases. Only slight but not statistically significant decreases in amounts of receptor binding sites were detected in the dorsal part of the head and in the body of caudate nucleus. No alterations in the levels of neurotensin receptor binding sites were observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata. These results suggest that a large proportion of neurotensin receptor binding sites in the basal ganglia are located on intrinsic neurons and on extrinsic afferent fibers that do not degenerate in Huntington's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the basal ganglia of patients with Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease.

The density of [125I]iodo-cyanopindolol binding to beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors was studied in post mortem basal ganglia samples of Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease patients using autoradiography. Whereas no significant changes were observed in sections from Parkinson's and Huntington's chorea grade 2 patients, a nearly complete loss of beta-1 binding sites was observed in the basal ganglia of Huntington patients at later stages of the disease. The concentration of beta-2 receptors was increased by a factor 2 in the posterior putamen of all choreic cases. These results are consistent with the view that beta-1 receptors are predominantly located on a subpopulation of neurons which degenerate at late stages of Huntington's chorea, while beta-2 receptors are present mainly on glial elements.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Reduced density of striatal somatostatin receptors in Huntington's chorea.

A marked increase of the endogenous somatostatin has been reported in the striatum in Huntington's chorea by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Using quantitative receptor autoradiography we examined the density and distribution of somatostatin receptors in the striatum of 6 patients dying from Huntington's chorea degree 3, in 12 control healthy patients dying without neurological diseases and 7 schizophrenic patients, using the stable somatostatin octapeptide analogue [125I]204-090 as a radioligand. Marked reductions of the density of somatostatin binding sites were observed in the caudate and putamen of all patients with Huntington's chorea. However, these receptors were well preserved in the nucleus accumbens and in the ventral aspects of the anterior putamen. No alteration of somatostatin receptors was observed in other brain areas. These results suggest that somatostatin receptors in the human striatum are markedly down-regulated or localized on a population of neurons which is at risk in Huntington's chorea and questions the postulated role for the elevated somatostatin levels in choreiform movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Traumatology in hang-gliding accidents. Studies based on 100 cases].

The number of paragliding accidents is growing up exponentially. We review in this study 39 paragliding accidents which occurred 1985-1987 in the Val d'Illiez (Switzerland). The REGA (Swiss air ambulance) rescued 1987 61 pilots, which are also included. Most of the accidents were related to a mistake of the pilot. None is due to a failure of the material. The most severe injuries occurred immediately after taking off. The most frequent injuries occurred during landing. There is a correlation between the altitude, the wind velocity and the severity of the injuries. The lower extremities and the backbone are often injured, which is explained through the axial trauma. The pilots need a better training programme, the performance of the material should be built up and the starting places should be equipped.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

[Arolla index. A study of 88 cases of frostbite during a high-mountain race].

A sudden change in meteorological conditions provoked frostbite in 88 competitors in a high mountain race, 31 lesions being of 1st degree, 38 of superficial 2nd degree, 12 of deep 2nd degree and 7 of 3rd degree severity. Etiology, localization, treatment and outcome of the lesions are discussed. The precise knowledge of weather conditions and position of patrols over the length of the course enabled intensity of cold exposure to be related to onset of frostbite: an index termed "Arolla" is proposed which in contrast to the windchill index allows for exposure time. Distribution of patrols using standardized equipment allowed determination of importance of individual factors: the latter is considerable. Medical care in high mountain situations is commented upon.

Adult↗