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Biomedical subjects

M Rivo

Publications and source records attributed to M Rivo.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Where there is no family doctor: the development of family practice around the world.

Family physicians are generalists trained at the postgraduate level to address the majority of primary care needs of patients of all ages in communities they serve. Throughout the world there is a need for family physicians to serve as cornerstones of comprehensive health care systems that provide high-quality, cost-effective medical and public health services to the entire population. To meet this need, each country must value and adequately finance essential medical and public health services and must provide family physicians with a thorough education focused on the relevant health care problems of the population being served. The authors present an overview of the status of this training throughout the world, outline challenges to the development of such training, and suggest strategies for successful development accompanied by illustrative case studies from South Korea, Venezuela, and Pakistan.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Medical education about substance abuse: changes in curriculum and faculty between 1976 and 1992.

PURPOSE: To examine changes in substance abuse education in U.S. medical schools between 1976 and 1992. METHODS: In 1991-92 the authors conducted a 16-year follow-up survey of six clinical departments in each of the 126 U.S. medical schools. Two previous surveys by scholars and surveys conducted by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, Association of American Medical Colleges, and the National Center for Medical Fellowships in the Addictions provided baseline data for comparison. The statistical methods used in the comparisons were paired t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, and tests of differences between proportions. RESULTS: Significant increases were found in the numbers of required and elective curriculum units for medical students between 1986-87 and 1991-92. The number of medical schools requiring courses in substance abuse treatment increased from five to eight between 1986-87 and 1991-92. For residents, there were significant increases in the numbers of curriculum units for residents in family medicine and pediatrics. The average number of faculty in the 116 medical schools that reported units on substance abuse was 4.1. There were 45 fellowships in addiction medicine identified in 1991-92, with a total of 61 fellows in training. CONCLUSION: While the findings confirm positive changes, the amount of curricula time and the number of faculty having expertise in substance abuse education do not compare well with the amounts of time and numbers of faculty involved in clinical problems of similar prevalence, such as cancer and heart disease.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Faculty development in addiction medicine: project SAEFP, a one-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of Project SAEFP (Substance Abuse Education for Family Physicians, pronounced SAFE) was to increase the number of residency teaching faculty with expertise in addiction medicine. This paper reports the results of a 12-month follow-up study conducted to assess changes in residency teaching and clinical practice of 165 residency teaching faculty who participated in this project. METHODS: The Project SAEFP work group conducted a series of 5-day courses in the fall of 1990 at 10 sites around the country. The 165 faculty participants were taught how to use a set of 12 residency teaching modules that focused on clinical areas important to primary care physicians. The follow-up study consisted of a structured telephone interview. The findings were compared to previous interviews conducted before, and 3 months after, faculty participation in the course. RESULTS: The findings suggest long-term increases in the amount of teaching, clinical practice, and consultations conducted by the family medicine faculty who participated in this faculty development project. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that an intensive 5-day course using learner-centered teaching techniques can have a significant impact on primary care teaching faculty.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Racial differences in AIDS knowledge among adults.

Adults 18 to 65 years of age (N = 1237) were interviewed by telephone to explore differences in AIDS knowledge between black and white Americans. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to determine the association between race and AIDS knowledge. Results show no discrepancies between black and white respondents in the level of knowledge about proved HIV transmission modes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-1.90). Racial differences in the level of knowledge of preventive measures (ORadj = 1.39, 95% CI 1.00-1.94) are due primarily to differences in educational attainment and not to race. However, lack of awareness of the difference between asymptomatic individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and persons with AIDS (PWAs) remained significantly higher for black than for white respondents (ORadj = 1.81, 95% CI 1.32-2.50) after adjustment for educational attainment. This lack of awarenes may facilitate exposure of a larger proportion of black respondents to HIV. Racial disparities in the level of knowledge about unproved transmission modes also remained after adjustment for educational attainment (ORadj = 1.92, 95% CI 1.37-2.70). To interpret unexplained differences in knowledge, factors related to unaccounted-for socioeconomic confounding and to the effect of several variables involved in the communication process are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Black/white comparisons of deaths preventable by medical intervention: United States and the District of Columbia 1980-1986.

Blacks in the US experience increased mortality (1113 versus 745 per 100,000 males; 631 versus 411 per 100,000 females) and decreased life expectancy (63.7 years versus 70.7 years for males; 72.3 years versus 78.1 years for females); compared to Whites. In an effort to determine if the excess mortality among Black Americans might be explained by differences in access or quality of health care services, we performed a race-specific analysis of conditions for which mortality is largely avoidable given timely and appropriate medical care. Using methodology proposed by Rutstein and Charlton, mortality due to 12 causes was evaluated including tuberculosis, cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease, rheumatic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, acute respiratory disease, pneumonia and bronchitis, influenza, asthma, appendicitis, hernias and cholecystitis. In the US, during 1980 to 1986, an average of 17,366 deaths and 286,813 years of potential life (YPLL) before age 65 were lost each year due to all 12 sentinel causes combined. Of these causes, hypertensive heart disease, pneumonia and bronchitis, cervical cancer and asthma accounted for the greatest number of deaths. The mortality rate for all 12 causes combined among Blacks was 4.5 times that of Whites. The highest relative rates among Blacks compared to Whites were observed for tuberculosis, hypertensive heart disease and asthma. The overall mortality rate in the District of Columbia for the selected causes was 3.7 times the national rate. Compared to national rates, statistically significant elevated rates in the District were observed for tuberculosis, hypertensive heart disease and pneumonia and bronchitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗