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Biomedical subjects

M Roesch

Publications and source records attributed to M Roesch.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health on organic and conventional Swiss dairy farms.

Organic dairy farms (OP; n=60) and conventional dairy farms (integrated production, IP; n=60), matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), were studied for possible differences in management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health. OP and IP farms were similar in size (17.7 and 16.9 ha), milk quota (65900 and 70,000 kg/year), cow number (14 and 15), cow age (5.3 and 5.2 years), housing of cows of the Simmental x Red Holstein or Holstein breeds (87 and 75%; 45 and 60%), but differed significantly with respect to loose housing systems (18 and 7%), outside paddocks (98 and 75%), energy-corrected 305-d milk yield (5,695 and 6,059 kg), milk protein content (31.8 and 32.7 g/kg), use of bucket milking systems (73 and 33%), observance of regular (12-h) milking intervals (47 and 68%), routine application of the California-Mastitis-Test (10 and 28%), teat dipping after milking (25 and 43%) and blanket dry cow treatments (0 and 45%). Milk somatic cell counts on OP and IP farms (119 000 and 117,000/mL) and reproduction data were similar and there were no significant differences between OP and IP farms as concerns available feeds, planning and management of feeding. Alternative veterinary treatments were used more often on OP than IP farms (55 and 17%). Main causes for cow replacements on OP and IP farms were fertility disorders (both 45%), age (40 and 42%), sale (30 and 37%) and udder health (35 and 13%). Between OP and IP Swiss dairy farms thus relatively few larger differences were found.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

The prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence and primary causes of visual impairment in a representative Canadian population. METHODS: We reviewed a representative sample of patients who attended ophthalmologists' offices in a medium-sized Canadian city between 1996 and 2001 in order to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment. Demographic data, visual diagnoses, best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA), and visual field information were recorded. Visual status was categorized based on accepted World Health Organization (WHO) and North American criteria. Population data were obtained from the Canadian census. RESULTS: The prevalence of low vision and blindness in our population was 35.6 and 3.8 per 10 000 individuals, according to the WHO classification, and 71.2 and 23.6 per 10 000 individuals, using the North American definition. Among individuals with some vision loss (vision worse than 20/40), cataract and visual pathway disease were the most common causes, together accounting for 40% of visual impairment. Age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases were the next most common causes of vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma were less frequently encountered as causes of visual impairment. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of low vision and blindness in Canada are in keeping with data from large population-based studies from other developed nations. Cataract, visual pathway disease, and macular degeneration are the leading causes of visual impairment. These results are important for enhancing our understanding of the scope of vision health in Canada and may direct future health planning and cost-utilization research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of antibiotic resistance of udder pathogens in dairy cows kept on organic and on conventional farms.

There has been a rapid rise in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens in the past 10 to 15 yr and some bacteria are now resistant to most antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic use is very restricted on Swiss organic dairy farms, and a purely prophylactic use, such as for dry cow mastitis prevention, is forbidden. A low prevalence of antibiotic resistance in organic farms can be expected compared with conventional farms because the bacteria are infrequently or not exposed to antibiotics. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance was compared between mastitis pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, nonaureus staphylococci, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis) from farms with organic and conventional dairy production. Clear differences in the percentage of antibiotic resistance were mainly species-related, but did not differ significantly between isolates from cows kept on organic and conventional farms, except for Streptococcus uberis, which exhibited significantly more single resistances (compared with no resistance) when isolated from cows kept on organic farms (6/10 isolates) than on conventional farms (0/5 isolates). Different percentages were found (albeit not statistically significant) in resistance to ceftiofur, erythromycin, clindamycin, enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, penicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin, but, importantly, none of the strains was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin. Multidrug resistance was rarely encountered. The frequency of antibiotic resistance in organic farms, in which the use of antibiotics must be very restricted, was not different from conventional farms, and was contrary to expectation. The antibiotic resistance status needs to be monitored in organic farms as well as conventional farms and production factors related to the absence of reduced antibiotic resistance in organic farms need to be evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Performance of dairy cows on Swiss farms with organic and integrated production.

Milk production of cows on farms in which milk was organically produced (OP) tends to be less than that on farms with conventional or integrated production (IP), but causes for the difference have not been thoroughly evaluated. We performed a study to investigate management, nutritional, metabolic, and endocrine risk factors that may be associated with lower milk production on OP farms. Fertility traits were also compared. In 60 OP and 60 IP farms, matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), 970 cows were selected. Body condition scores (BCS) and body weights (BW) were determined at approximately 29 d prepartum (visit 1) and at 31 (visit 2) and 102 d postpartum (visit 3). Blood was sampled at visit 2 to determine plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, albumin, urea, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Metabolic and endocrine traits as well as milk yield, fertility, and feeding factors were compared among cows in the 2 production systems. A univariable and stepwise multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for poor milk yield. Energy-corrected milk yield medians and milk urea concentrations were less in OP than in IP cows at visits 2 and 3. Organic farms provided less concentrates, and OP cows at all visits had lower BW than IP cows. Plasma albumin and urea concentrations were lower in OP than IP cows. The following factors were positively associated with low milk yield (below median): Simmental breed, greater BCS, positive California mastitis test in hindquarters, and sampling during summer. Factors associated with an elevated (above median) milk yield were: Holstein breed, greater BW and lactation number (age), weak udder suspension, greater blood albumin, milk fat and milk protein, more lactation persistency, longer calving intervals, routine teat dipping, and more outdoor access during winter. In conclusion, significant differences including milk yield were detected between Swiss OP and IP cows. Lower milk yields were due to a range of individual animal and farm-level factors such as breed, nutrition, management, and udder health.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed2001

Functional treatment of physeal and periphyseal injuries of the metacarpal and proximal phalangeal bones.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Hand fractures are common injuries in infants. Complications are rare because of potent remodeling dimension and rapid healing of growing bone. There is limited remodeling capacity for angular and rotational deformity so displaced fractures often require open reduction and internal fixation. METHODS: The authors present a splint system for a protected reduction and mobilization program of displaced proximal phalanx and metacarpal fractures. The custom-molded 2-component thermoplastic splint allows motion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. It has been developed to allow bone healing and recovery of motion at the same time. In this study, the authors evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of a series of 11 consecutive infants with displaced metacarpal fractures and 13 displaced proximal phalanx fractures who received functional treatment. RESULTS: Fracture consolidation and full active motion was achieved simultaneously in 4 weeks in 21 children; 2 infants required physiotherapy, and 1 child was lost to follow-up. No further growth abnormality was seen within a 12-month observation period. CONCLUSION: When there is no damage of soft tissue the functional mobilization program can lead to good results treating displaced physeal and periphyseal hand injuries of proximal phalanx and metacarpal fractures. J Pediatr Surg 36:611-615.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Influence of etiology in heterotopic bone formation of the hip.

OBJECTIVE: Heterotopic ossification (HO) in periarticular tissue can appear after brain or local joint trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate differences of manifestation and outcome after surgical therapy of patients suffering from HO of the hip after isolated brain injury (n = 18), local hip trauma (n = 21), or the combination of both (n = 25). HO can cause progressive lost of joint movement; once mature, the only therapy to improve joint mobility is the excision. METHODS: All patients underwent surgical removal of HO and postoperative irradiation therapy. On the basis of plain radiographic findings, we evaluated the recurrent ossification after 1-year and 5-year follow-up periods. Within this prospective study, clinical performance status was scored according to the classification of d'Aubigne and a planimeter was used to evaluate the area of heterotopic bone formation in standard x-rays films. RESULTS: The severity of brain trauma observed by Glasgow Coma Scale correlated with the ossification size (square centimeters). Correlation was noticed as well between severity of brain injury and functional outcome. The evaluation of an average 1-year and 5-year follow-up period showed relief of pain and clear improvement of range of motion in all patients. There was mild recurrence of heterotopic bone growth within the first postoperative year without deterioration of the functional results. CONCLUSION: The severity of brain trauma has an influence on the extent of HO near the hip joint and also on the rehabilitation process. The histologic findings and recurrence of HO after excision were not affected by the localization of initial trauma. There was only mild recurrence of heterotopic bone growth between the first and fifth postoperative year. For objective evaluation of heterotopic bone formation in standard x- ray films, planimetric measurement is a useful method.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Remodeling filtering blebs with the neodymium:YAG laser.

PURPOSE: To describe a new method of treating large, overfiltering, leaking blebs using a continuous-wave neodymium:YAG laser. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients underwent YAG laser remodeling because of overfiltration and hypotony (group 1; n = 14); leaking bleb and hypotony (group 2; n = 5); and large, irritating bleb (group 3; n = 4). Using a neodymium:YAG laser in the continuous-wave multimode, a grid pattern of laser treatment was placed over the entire bleb using energy levels between 3.0 and 4.0 J and a laser offset between 0.9 and 1.2 mm. A torpedo patch then was placed directly over the bleb for 48 hours. Steroid therapy was avoided. RESULTS: In group 1, 64% of eyes had an intraocular pressure increase of at least 3.0 mmHg. In group 2, 80% of bleb leaks were sealed. In group 3, 100% of patients had resolution of their discomfort. The elevation in intraocular pressure peaked at 1 to 3 months and diminished thereafter. There was improvement in vision of at least two Snellen acuity lines in 52% of eyes. Complications included the need for laser retreatment (7 eyes), creation of temporary bleb leak by the YAG laser (2 eyes), transient increase in intraocular pressure (2 eyes), and corneal edema (1 eye). CONCLUSION: The continuous-wave neodymium:YAG laser can be used to effectively change the appearance and behavior of filtering blebs, although the duration of treatment effect is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (RS) maps between DXS987 and DXS443.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (RS) has previously been localized to a 7-8 cM interval between markers at (DXS43, DXS207) and (DXS274, DXS41). Our analysis of more than 300 meioses in two multigeneration RS families identified eight recombinant RS chromosomes and narrowed the RS locus to an interval between DXS987 and DXS443. Our data suggest the following order of loci: Xpter-DXS207-DXS987-([DXS418-DXS999], RS)-DXS443-DXS365-DXS274-Xcen.

Base Sequence↗