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Biomedical subjects

M Roffman

Publications and source records attributed to M Roffman.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Bicycle spoke fracture.

Twenty-nine children were treated for bicycle spoke injury, which occurred while they were sitting behind their riding parents. Their feet were caught in between the bicycle spoke and the frame rod. Five of these children suffered supramalleolar fracture. These fractures had a similar radiographic pattern, namely a greenstick fracture of the distal end of the tibia and fibula, buckling into varus and usually also into anterior angulation. Healing of the fractures was uneventful. These injuries are preventable by rigid plastic net covers for the rear wheel of the bicycle.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1977

Catecholamine metabolism during heroin use.

The authors examined urinary levels of catecholamines and metabolites during a 10-day period of heroin use in 9 subjects. Catecholamine and metabolite excretion increased over baseline values on the first day of heroin use, but markedly different patterns of change emerged later. In contrast to the significant increase in normetanephrine and decrease in metanephrine excretion in all 9 subjects during heroin use, only 4 subjects showed an increase in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) excretion. Moreover, it appeared that the increase in MHPG excretion in this subgroup began on the day before heroin administration, which suggests the possibility of an anticipatory or conditioned response.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1976

Effects of short-and long-term administration of tricyclic antidepressants and lithium on norepinephrine turnover in brain.

The findings summarized in this paper show that norepinephrine turnover in brain is decreased after acute administration of imipramine or desmethylimipramine but tends to increase during chronic administration of these tricyclic antidepressants. Similarly, it appears that there also may be important differences between the effects of acute and chronic administration of lithium salts on norepinephrine turnover in the central nervous system. Such changes in norepinephrine turnover that develop gradually over the course of long-term drug administration may help to explain the need for chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants or lithium salts in the treatment of patients with affective disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of acute and chronic morphine administration on the levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxphenylglycol sulfate in rat brain.

The acute and chronic effects of morphine on the turnover of norepinephrine (NE) were determined by measuring the changes in the levels of the sulfate conjugate of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG-SO4) in rat brain. Two hours after administration, morphine produced a dose-related increase in the levels of MHPG-SO4 suggesting an increase in NE turnover. The effect of morphine was evident by one hour after drug administration and was maintained for at least four hours but disappeared by eight hours. Chronic treatment with morphine resulted in lower baseline levels of MHPG-SO4 and the development of tolerance to its acute effect on NE turnover. These findings suggest that after chronic administration of morphine, the maintenance of a normal rate of norepinephrine turnover in brain is dependent upon the continued administration of maintenance doses of morphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effects of heroin on catecholamine metabolism in man.

In a study of the effects of heroin administration in nine human subjects, urinary catecholamines and metabolites were examined during an initial drug-free baseline period, a ten-day period of heroin administration and a subsequent period of methadone detoxification. All catecholamines and metabolites tended to be increased over baseline values on the first day of heroin administration. However, markedly different patterns of change emerged on subsequent days of heroin administration. Norepinephrine and normetanephrine remained increased throughout heroin administration. Epinephrine was increased during the early phase of heroin administration but returned to baseline values during the latter phase of heroin administration. After the increase on the first day of heroin administration, metanephrine decreased and substantial decrements below baseline values occurred during the latter phase of heroin administration. After increasing on the first day of heroin administration, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid (VMA) returned to approximately baseline values. During heroin administration, an increase in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) excretion was observed in a subgroup of four of the nine subjects studied. This is in contrast to the increase in normetanephrine excretion and the decrease in metanephrine excretion that was observed in the entire group of nine subjects. It is conceivable that persistance of, or development of, tolerance might account for the failure to observe an increase in MHPG excretion in all of the subjects. It appeared as if the increase in MHPG excretion began on the day prior to the administration of heroin in the subgroup of patients with increased MHPG excretion during heroin administration, suggesting the possibility of an anticipatory or conditioned response, with the anticipation of heroin producing an increase in MHPG excretion.

Catecholamines↗