PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Rollo

Publications and source records attributed to M Rollo.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Ultrasonographic semiology of biliary prostheses].

US was used to study 60 patients with different types of plastic (Home-made, Lunderquist, Miller, Carey-Coons, Lammer) and metallic (Z-stent, Wallstent) biliary stents, from October 1990 to March 1993. The optimal US approach was assessed, together with several US features which are typical of each type of endoprosthesis. As far as plastic endoprostheses are concerned, independent of manufacturing differences, the typical US pattern on longitudinal scans is a hyperechoic double line while, on transverse scans, the prosthesis cylinder is represented by short hyperechoic lines, resembling the mathematic equal sign. According to the different types, metallic stents appear as thin hyperechoic lines or narrow gratings on longitudinal scans and as hyperechoic spots following a circular pattern or as a hyperechoic ring on transverse scans.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral renal vein thrombosis as a complication of gangrenous appendicitis.

Bilateral renal vein thrombosis after an appendectomy has never been reported in the pediatric literature. We describe the case of a 10-year-old boy who developed this very unusual complication following appendectomy for gangrenous appendicitis with peritonitis. Color duplex Doppler is the most appropriate investigation to allow correct diagnosis and immediate medical treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is a simple and effective tool to prevent permanent damage to renal function.

Appendectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Atherosclerosis of carotid and intracranial arteries.

The role of diagnostic imaging in the study of atherosclerosis of carotid and intracranial vessels is analyzed, after the illustration of the main characteristics of the disease. Atherosclerosis should be considered a systemic disease, however it tends to be segmental. The commonest sites are the coronary artery, the superficial femoral artery, the subrenal aorta and the carotid arteries at the level of the bifurcation. Traditionally, the percentage of intraluminal stenosis has represented the standard measurement of the severity of atheromatosis. However, the grade of stenosis is not the only sign predictive of clinical complications. The most vulnerable plaques show predominant core necrosis or hemorrhage, separated from the vascular lumen by a thin unstable fibrous cap. The two major aspects of lesions at high risk of rupture are the presence of a large soft core and the status of the fibrous cap that can be intact, ruptured or infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Imaging procedures should be addressed to the identification of these pathologic conditions predisposing to the embolic-thrombotic complication. However, additional information on blood flow dynamics, vascular collateral compensation and brain perfusion is useful for decision-making about the therapeutic approach. This is the reason why in diagnostic imaging of atheromatosis, digital angiography should be combined with color Doppler-US, CT and MRI.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aspiration bronchopneumopathies].

Diagnosis of pulmonary disease due to inhalation (PDI) is based on the assumption that not all paediatric pulmonary disease is attributable to infection. Moreover, an accurate investigation of all typical signs of PDI is necessary: drooling, pouring of food from the nose, choking, frequent vomiting and regurgitation. Specific aetiological diagnosis is not difficult when PDI represents only the epiphenomenon of well defined diseases which have disturbed deglutition (e.g. premature birth, cerebral palsy, muscle disease). It is difficult but more important to find the cause of dysphagia when dysphagia itself represents the first sign of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (e.g. familial dysautonomy). There are different PDI due to oesophageal dysphagia, e.g. the anomalous artery which presses the oesophagus against the trachea, oesophageal duplication, achalasia. The most frequent cause is gastro-oesophageal reflux, although recently its role in producing symptoms at night in the asthmatic child in much less. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is increased by the Beta2, agonists, the corticosteroids and theophylline. Therefore these drugs, especially theophylline, have to be used with discretion, also if gastro-oesophageal reflux is only suspected (e.g. frequent vomiting by the infant). Anomalous communication between the oesophagus and airways, particularly the laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft and the isolated tracheoesophageal fistula, are rare diseases and difficult to diagnose. Therefore diagnosis can be delayed for months or even years. Prognosis is extremely variable: repeated inhalation will, however, cause diffuse interstitial fibrosis or, more rarely, a bronchiectasic lesion.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain stem gliomas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of Doppler US in the study of carotid system].

Color Doppler US is at present the most reliable noninvasive procedure in the diagnosis of carotid disease and plays a major diagnostic role in the patient at risk for stroke. The anatomofunctional relationships of carotid and vertebrobasilar system suggest a diagnostic combination between Doppler US and transcranial Doppler for complete hemodynamic evaluation of normal and pathologic cerebral vessels. The most relevant disease, as the cause of stroke, is represented by internal carotid atherosclerosis. Mechanisms by which the atheromatous plaque represents a cause of ischemia involve two factors: the embolic factor and the hemodynamic factor. The embolic factor is consequent on unstable plaques and US plays a major role in plaque characterization. Stenotic plaques are the major cause of the hemodynamic factor. Color Doppler US inables quantification of stenosis and selects surgical patients with greater than 70% stenosis. In internal carotid dissection as the acute cause of cerebrovascular insufficiency color Doppler US findings are significant for early diagnosis and follow-up.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doppler US in interventional neuroradiology.

Doppler ultrasonography and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography can be applied to the study of the hemodynamic aspects of cerebrovascular disease curable with intravascular therapy. There are three stages where Doppler ultrasonography is considered appropriate: 1) in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease to study its hemodynamics and support the therapeutic approach; 2) during the interventional procedure to assess the hemodynamic modifications while therapy is administered; 3) in posttreatment control and in follow-up. The role and findings of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and Doppler sonography in cerebral arteriovenous malformations, in dural arteriovenous malformations, in arteriovenous fistulae of large vessels in cerebral aneurysms and in steno-obstructive disease, are considered.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗