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Biomedical subjects

M Rosner

Publications and source records attributed to M Rosner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Methylprednisolone ameliorates retinal photic injury in rats.

Since lipid peroxidation induced by oxygen free radicals is believed to play an important role in retinal photic injury and high doses of certain steroids have been demonstrated to inhibit lipid peroxidation, we evaluated the effect of high-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate on retinal injury inflicted by green light (490 to 580 nm, 160 to 180 foot-candles [1721.6 to 1936.8 lux]) for 24 hours in 36 rats. Animals received either intraperitoneal injections of the drug (80 mg/kg twice daily) or saline as a control, twice daily for 2 days, commencing with light exposure. The retinal photic injury was assessed 6 hours, 6 days, and 14 days after light exposure by light and electron microscopy, morphometric study of outer nuclear layer thickness and count of subretinal macrophages, and spectrophotometric measurement of rhodopsin. A beneficial effect of high-dose methylprednisolone was observed in retinal photic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of the Boehringer Mannheim ES 300 immunoassay analyzer and comparison with enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence polarization immunoassay, and radioimmunoassay methods.

The ES 300 (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) is a new automated immunoassay analyzer intended for the quantitative determination of a wide range of analytes. We compared its performance to enzyme immunoassay (EIA), fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods for cortisol, digoxin, ferritin, prolactin, T4-uptake, total-T3, and TSH. The ES 300 methods showed excellent precision and the manufacturers' linearity claims were met in all cases. Cortisol, prolactin, total-T3, and TSH showed no bias and acceptable correlation with other methods. Digoxin, ferritin and total T4 showed positive bias but acceptable correlation. The ES 300 T4-uptake correlated poorly with the TDx method and showed positive bias; however, these assays appear comparable (although deficient) in diagnostic sensitivity when compared to TSH and T4 data for the same patient population. In all, we found the ES 300 to be an acceptable instrumental alternative for the high volume immunoassay laboratory.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Therapeutic parameters of methylprednisolone treatment for retinal photic injury in a rat model.

Methylprednisolone (MP) has been prescribed for the treatment of solar retinopathy presumably because of its anti-inflammatory effect. Recently, high doses of MP have been shown to ameliorate light-induced photoreceptor degeneration, and the mechanism of action was suggested to be the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In this study we examined the dose-response effect and the effect of delayed treatment with MP in an established rat model of retinal photic injury. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of either MP (8, 160, or 320 mg/kg/day) or saline solution (as a control) for 2 days. Injections were started simultaneously with the commencement of light exposure or delayed for 6 or 24 h. The animals were sacrificed 6 days after light exposure, and the retinal damage was assessed by light microscopy and morphometric measurement of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. Morphologically and morphometrically, treatment with 8 mg/kg/day of MP was not effective, while treatment with 160 mg/kg/day caused better preserved photoreceptors and a thicker ONL compared with the controls (P less than 0.001). Animals administered with a dose of 320 mg/kg/day showed more severe damage to photoreceptors, resulting in a thinner ONL (P less than 0.05). When treatment with 160 mg/kg/day was delayed for 6 h, a similar efficacy as in the no-delay group was noted, but when treatment was delayed for 24 h, no beneficial effect was observed (P = 0.19). Our results demonstrated that early treatment with high doses of MP ameliorated retinal photic injury in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and properties of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase identified in serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis.

We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) identified in human serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in 8% of fasting serum samples from hospital patients (n = 500) and in 35% of fasting serum samples from patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 106; not differentiated between types 1 and 2). The intestinal ALP electrophoretic band was usually heterogeneous and contained two major subtypes of ALP. Isoelectric focusing of intestinal-ALP-positive serum treated with levamisole and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) revealed two distinct regions of enzymatic activity that comigrated with ALP extracted from small intestinal and colonic mucosa. Anodic intestinal ALP was resistant to treatment with levamisole and neuraminidase and comigrated with ALP from small intestinal mucosa. The more-cathodic intestinal ALP, which comigrated with ALP from colonic mucosa, was completely inhibited by levamisole and converted by neuraminidase to a species with a more basic pI than that of neuraminidase-digested tissue-nonspecific form. This component of intestinal ALP may be of vascular origin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of accommotrac biofeedback training for myopia control.

A new treatment for myopia, biofeedback training for control of accommodation, has been proposed and developed over the past decade. Various reports in the literature show marked inconsistencies in the results of such treatment. A double-masked study with experimental and control groups of 15 subjects each was designed to obtain a definitive answer concerning the efficacy of this method. The parameters evaluated were visual acuity, cycloplegic and noncycloplegic retinoscopy, subjective refraction, amplitude of accommodation, and flexibility of accommodation. In all categories no significant difference was found between the control and experimental subjects. The consequences of these findings are discussed as to the benefit of treatments using this method and avenues to explore in future studies.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1991

A nation-wide study of myopia prevalence in Israel. Findings in a population of 312,149 young adults.

We conducted a nation-wide survey of the Prevalences of Myopia and other refractive errors in Israel, from data of medical examinations of an unselected population of 312,149 subjects ages 17 to 19 years. 80.47% of the population were emmetropic in both eyes. Myopia in both eyes was found in 16.27% of the population. The prevalence of monocular myopia was 1.69%. Manifest hyperopia in both eyes was found in 0.93% and astigmatism at least in one eye was found in 7.13%. The various errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism) were more common among females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Repair of the severely contracted socket with meshed skin graft and semi-rigid conformer.

Nine severely contracted sockets were reconstructed using a meshed skin graft in conjunction with a semi-rigid conformer-stent. Particularly useful following unsuccessful surgery with mucosal grafting, or in cases where for some reason mucosal grafts cannot be obtained, this technique is superior to current procedures utilizing nonmeshed split-thickness skin grafts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Low-energy laser irradiation--a new measure for suppression of arachidonic acid metabolism in the optic nerve.

Helium-neon low-energy laser (LEL) irradiation, known for its therapeutic effects in arthritis, wound healing, and muscular strain, was applied to eyes of rats that had sustained an optic nerve crush injury. Crush injury to the optic nerve resulted in a long-lasting in vitro elevation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production (1.8-3.9-fold above control values during the 12 day study period). LEL irradiation per se had no effect in vitro on PGE2 production by the optic nerve; however, LEL irradiation of eyes with crushed optic nerve inhibited the enhanced production of PGE2 and leukotriene B4 in vitro by 55% and 75% during the late and immediate phase after trauma, respectively. Our findings of the suppressive effect of LEL irradiation on arachidonic acid metabolism are reminiscent of the actions of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and might indicate, for the first time, the possible biochemical mechanisms associated with the clinical anti-inflammatory effects of LEL irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the effects of argon and neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy on prostaglandin E2 and blood-aqueous barrier disruption.

We compared in rabbits the effects of laser iridotomy by either argon or neodymium (Nd):YAG laser on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by the iris/ciliary body, its accumulation in the aqueous humor and the aqueous protein levels. PGE2 production by the iris/ciliary body, following exposure to argon or Nd:YAG laser, was similarly enhanced, with peak levels of 22.8 +/- 4.7 and 24.1 +/- 8.2 ng/mg, respectively. An increase in aqueous PGE2 levels was more pronounced in the argon as compared with the Nd:YAG group, with peak levels of 56.7 +/- 17.3 and 20.0 +/- 7.7 ng/ml, respectively. PGE2 production correlated well with aqueous PGE2 levels in the argon group, but not in the Nd:YAG group. Protein accumulated in the aqueous humor following irradiation by both types of laser light, with higher levels occurring in the argon group. These results are indicative of possible differences in the extent of the inflammatory reaction induced by the application of argon and Nd:YAG laser light to the iris.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Temporal parameters of low energy laser irradiation for optimal delay of post-traumatic degeneration of rat optic nerve.

Compression injury of a central nerve results in its degeneration with irreversible loss of function due to the inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate. In contrast, the CNS of lower vertebrates has a high capacity to regenerate. Recently, low energy laser irradiation was shown to attenuate degeneration in injured CNS nerves. The optic nerves of rats were subjected to moderate crush, calibrated so that some electrophysiological activity was preserved. The nerves were then subjected to low energy laser irradiation (10.5 mW, 2 min daily) for various periods. The electrical activity of the nerves, distal to the site of injury, was determined by measuring the compound action potential at the termination of the experiment. Two weeks of irradiation begun immediately after injury and continued daily thereafter, resulted in a compound action potential which was significantly higher (mean +/- S.E.M. 1856 +/- 535 microV) than that of non-irradiated injured nerves (351 +/- 120 microV). The effect was temporary and subsided within a week. This two-week irradiation was slightly more effective than a treatment lasting one week (1406 +/- 225 microV) and was significantly more effective than 4 days of irradiation (960 +/- 133 microV). The number of treatments is therefore important. The time at which the treatment commences relative to the injury is also critical. Irradiation initiated two hours after the crush was about half as effective as immediate irradiation (810 +/- 42 microV). No apparent effect was evident when the laser was applied for the first time 5 h, or longer, after the crush.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Substance abuse in pregnant women: recent experience at the Perinatal Center for Chemical Dependence of Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

Drug abuse during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Patterns of abuse have changed in recent years with the increasing popularity of cocaine. We compared pregnancy outcome data from 137 women receiving prenatal care in the Perinatal Center for Chemical Dependence of Northwestern Memorial Hospital with those of matched controls. Among drug-using women, the mean gestational age at delivery and mean birth weight were significantly lower than those of controls. In addition, study pregnancies were more frequently complicated by the need for antenatal hospitalization, preterm delivery, low birth weight (less than 2500 g), and abruptio placentae.

Adult↗