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Biomedical subjects

M Rostrup

Publications and source records attributed to M Rostrup.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Increased spillover of norepinephrine to the portal vein during CO-pneumoperitoneum in pigs.

BACKGROUND: Elevated intra abdominal pressure (IAP) during CO2-insufflation has been associated with increased catecholamine concentrations in plasma. We have previously indicated that this may be due to a regional increased spillover from the abdominal region. In this experimental study we investigated catecholamine spillover from the drainage area of the portal vein during CO2-pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: Eight pigs under general anesthesia were investigated before and after CO2-pneumoperitoneum with an IAP of 15 mmHg. Regional spillover of catecholamines was determined by measuring plasma catecholamine concentrations and flow simultaneously. Plasma concentrations of catecholamines were measured from the portal and femoral veins, the pulmonary and carotid arteries. Flow data were collected with laser-Doppler transit time flow probes around the portal and femoral veins. Cardiac output was measured by the thermo-dilution technique. Estimated spillover was calculated by the veno-arterial difference multiplied by flow. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in estimated spillover of norepinephrine from the drainage area of the portal vein from 10 (-1.2, 78) ng x min(-1) to 27 (1.8, 475) ng x min(-1)[median (range)] (P = 0.05), but no change in estimated spillover of norepinephrine from the drainage area of the femoral vein. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine increased in central venous and arterial blood. There was no significant change in epinephrine concentrations in arterial blood. CONCLUSION: Estimated norepinephrine spillover from the drainage area of the portal vein increased during CO2-pneumoperitoneum in pigs. This may indicate that the increased norepinephrine concentrations found in arterial plasma reflects a local activation of sympathetic nerves in the region of the portal drainage area.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Catecholamine release during laparoscopic fundoplication with high and low doses of remifentanil.

BACKGROUND: Reports on stress responses to laparoscopic surgery have been conflicting. Depth of anesthesia may influence the neuro-hormonal release, including catecholamines. Opioids depress general sympathetic activation in a dose-dependent manner. We investigated the hypothesis that remifentanil would depress the catecholamine response to pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopic surgery differently with a high dose (HD) compared with a low dose (LD). METHODS: In a randomized, prospective study we investigated 18 ASA I-II patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication with an intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg. The patients were randomized to receive either a LD (0.13 microg kg-1x min-1) or HD (0.39 microg kg-1 x min-1) of remifentanil with a target-controlled infusion (TCI) technique. Bispectral index of EEG (BIS) was maintained at 40-55 by propofol delivered by a TCI system. Arterial catecholamines were analyzed at different times during the procedure. RESULTS: Norepinephrine increased equally in both groups during pneumoperitoneum and surgical intervention. Epinephrine stayed low in the HD-group, while increasing during surgery in the LD-group. CONCLUSION: High dose of remifentanil depressed the epinephrine response to pneumoperitoneum and surgery, indicating no general activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Neither a LD nor HD of remifentanil depressed the norepinephrine response during pneumoperitoneum. This suggests a centrally independent release of norepinephrine.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Skin conductance correlates with perioperative stress.

BACKGROUND: Skin conductance (SC) as a measure of emotional state or arousal may be a tool for monitoring surgical stress in anaesthesia. When an outgoing sympathetic nervous burst occurs to the skin, the palmar and plantar sweat glands are filled up, and the SC increases before the sweat is removed and the SC decreases. This creates a SC fluctuation. The purpose of this study was to measure SC during laparoscopic cholecystectomy with propofol and remifentanil anesthaesia and to evaluate whether number and amplitude of SC fluctuations correlate with perioperative stress monitoring. METHODS: Eleven patients were studied nine times before, during and after anaesthesia. SC was compared to changes in stress measures such as blood pressure, heart rate, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. SC was also compared to changes in Bispectral index (BIS). RESULTS: The blood pressure, epinephrine levels and norepinephrine levels were positively correlated with both the number (P < 0.001) and amplitude (P < 0.01) of the SC fluctuations. Moreover, the BIS was positively correlated with the number (P < 0.001) and amplitude (P < 0.001) of the SC fluctuations. Furthermore, during tracheal intubation, the mean levels of the number of SC fluctuations from the 11 patients had the same stress response as measured in changes of the mean levels of norepinephrine. The mean BIS did not show any stress response during tracheal intubation. CONCLUSION: Number of SC fluctuations may be a useful method for monitoring the perioperative stress.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Measurements of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity].

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity are used to assess the activity in the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability is a measure of the tonic autonomic heart rate control, whereas baroreflex sensitivity measures the dynamic autonomic heart rate control. MATERIAL AND METHODS: On the basis of relevant literature and our own research, this article reviews the most commonly used techniques for measuring heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, as well as results from selected studies. RESULTS: Reduced heart rate variability and reduced baroreflex sensitivity may be related to increased risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. These parameters are also distorted in patients with hypertension. Furthermore, heart rate variability has been suggested as a tool for monitoring anaesthesia depth. INTERPRETATION: Even though these methods are useful in pathophysiological studies of the autonomic nervous system, results from clinical studies have been diverging. Further investigation is required before these methods may be incorporated in clinical practice.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed2001

Biphasic effect of epinephrine on blood glucose during hyperinsulinemia in borderline hypertensive young men.

We aimed to study the glycemic response to epinephrine during hyperinsulinemia and infused epinephrine (0.03 microg/kg/min) for 30 min after 90 min of hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp in 14 borderline hypertensive young men. Plasma epinephrine was increased from 0.34 +/- 0.08 to 2.33 +/- 0.33 nmol/L while insulin and glucose infusions were kept constant with consequent changes in blood glucose. Initially (90 to 95 min), there was a decrease in blood glucose (P = .016) that correlated negatively with glucose disposal rate corrected for insulin (r = -0.55, P = .040) and positively with fasting insulin (r = 0.55). Thereafter, there was an increase in blood glucose (95 to 120 min) (P < .001) that persisted during the recovery period (120 to 140 min). The glucose increase (90 to 140 min) correlated positively with fasting insulin (r = 0.55), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.57), delta epinephrine 90 to 120 min (r = 0.59), and baseline epinephrine (r = 0.57). Blood glucose remained unchanged (P = .207) in a saline control group (n = 6) with a significant group X treatment effect versus epinephrine (P = .003). Thus, epinephrine caused a biphasic response in blood glucose during hyperinsulinemia. The initial dip in glucose was more pronounced with higher insulin sensitivity, corresponding to previous observations during mental stress test. The following increment in blood glucose was positively related to insulin, systolic blood pressure, and epinephrine levels. These data suggest that insulin may modify the glycemic response to epinephrine in a potentially favorable direction and indicate some lag time before epinephrine gains effect. Subjects who are insulin sensitive and have low blood pressure and resting epinephrine levels seem to be less prone to hyperglycemia induced by epinephrine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effects of dihydropyridine and phenylalkylamine calcium antagonist classes on autonomic function in hypertension: the VAMPHYRE study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a long-acting dihydropyridine (amlodipine) and a nondihydropyridine (verapamil) on autonomic function in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. A total of 145 patients with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 95 and 110 mm Hg received 8 weeks of verapamil sustained release (240 mg) and amlodipine (5 mg) in a prospective randomized, double blind, cross-over study, both after 4 weeks of placebo. The 24-h autonomic balance was measured by analysis of 24-h heart rate variability and short-term autonomic control of BP by baroreflex sensitivity measurements. Plasma norepinephrine was sampled at rest. Blood pressure was equally reduced from 153/100 mm Hg to 139/91 mm Hg with verapamil and 138/91 mm Hg with amlodipine, P = .50/.59. The low- to high-frequency ratio (LF/HF), reflecting sympathovagal balance, was higher with amlodipine than with verapamil (4.66 v 4.10; P = .001). Baroreflex function was improved by both treatments; however, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was significantly higher with verapamil than with amlodipine (8.47 v 8.06 msec/mm Hg; P = .01). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) level was higher with amlodipine than with verapamil (1.59 v 1.32 nmol/L; P < .0001). Amlodipine induces a shift in sympathovagal balance, as measured by heart rate variability indices and plasma NE, toward sympathetic predominance compared with vagal predominance with verapamil. Short-term autonomic control of BP, as assessed by BRS, is more effectively improved by verapamil than by amlodipine. These contrasting effects on autonomic function suggest that the nondihydropyridine calcium antagonist verapamil may have additional beneficial effects beyond lowering BP compared with the dihydropyridine amlodipine.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Contrasting effects of verapamil and amlodipine on cardiovascular stress responses in hypertension.

AIMS: To compare the effects of two long-acting calcium antagonists of different types on cardiovascular stress responses in hypertension. METHODS: One-hundred and forty-five patients with mild to moderate hypertension and a mean (+/- s.e.mean) age of 51 +/- 0.9 years received for 8 weeks the phenylalkylamine verapamil sustained release (240 mg) and the dihydropyridine amlodipine (5 mg) in a double-blind cross-over design, both after 4 weeks of placebo. Blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline were monitored during 3 min of sustained isometric handgrip and 2 min of cold pressor. RESULTS: Blood pressure was equally reduced by both drugs. After 3 min handgrip, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and rate-pressure product were lower with verapamil compared with amlodipine. Verapamil attenuated the increases in systolic blood pressure (25 +/- 2 vs 30 +/- 2 mmHg, difference 4.6, 95% CI (1.0, 8.1), P < 0.01) and rate-pressure product (3.1 +/- 0.2 vs 3.6 +/- 0.3 x 10(3) mmHg x beats min(-1), difference 0.5, 95% CI (0.1, 0.9), P < 0.01) during handgrip compared with amlodipine. Similar results were observed during cold pressor. Plasma noradrenaline levels were lower with verapamil compared with amlodipine at rest and after both tests, but the increases in plasma noradrenaline were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Verapamil is more effective in reducing blood pressure and rate-pressure product responses to stress compared with amlodipine. Although plasma noradrenaline is lower with verapamil at rest and after stress, the increase during stress is not different.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reduced autonomic activity during stepwise exposure to high altitude.

Several studies have shown increased sympathetic activity during acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. In a recent field study we found reduced plasma catecholamines during the first days after a stepwise ascent to high altitude. In the present study 14 subjects were exposed to a simulated ascent in a hypobaric chamber to test the hypothesis of a temporary reduction in autonomic activity. The altitude was increased stepwise to 4500 m over 3 days. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed continuously in seven subjects. Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) was determined in eight subjects with the 'Transfer Function' method at baseline, at 4500 m and after returning to baseline. Resting plasma catecholamines and cardiovascular- and plasma catecholamine- responses to cold pressor- (CPT) and mental stress-test (MST) were assessed daily in all and 12 subjects, respectively. Data are mean +/- SEM. Compared with baseline at 4500 m there were lower total power (TP) (35 457 +/- 26 302 vs. 15 001 +/- 11 176 ms2), low frequency (LF) power (3112 +/- 809 vs. 1741 +/- 604 ms2), high frequency (HF) power (1466 +/- 520 vs. 459 +/- 189 ms2) and HF normalized units (46 +/- 0.007 vs. 44 +/- 0.006%), P < or = 0.001. Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity decreased (15.6 +/- 2.1 vs. 9.5 +/- 2.6 ms mmHg(-1), P = 0.015). Resting noradrenaline (NA) decreased (522 +/- 98 vs. 357 +/- 60 pmol L(-1), P = 0.027). The increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and NA during mental stress was less pronounced (21 +/- 4 vs. 10 +/- 2% and 25 +/- 9 vs. -2 +/- 8%, respectively, P < 0.05). The increase in SBP during cold pressor test decreased (16 +/- 3 vs. 1 +/- 6%, P = 0.03). Diastolic blood pressure, HR and adrenaline displayed similar tendencies. We conclude that a transient reduction in parasympathetic and sympathetic activity was demonstrated during stepwise exposure to high altitude.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Glucose disposal rates calculated from 60- to 90-minute isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp correlate with cardiovascular risk factors in borderline hypertensive young men.

The hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp is generally performed for at least 120 minutes, due to assumptions of steady-state. We were interested in relationships between glucose disposal rate (GDR) and cardiovascular risk factors, rather than a standard measure of insulin sensitivity per se. Therefore, we analyzed 120-minute clamps performed on borderline hypertensive, but otherwise healthy young men (n = 19). GDR was calculated at different time points and related to baseline cardiovascular risk factors and responses to a mental stress test (MST). The 60-, 90-, and 120-minute GDR correlated significantly with serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r=.59, r=.50, and r=.53, respectively), heart rate (HR) during MST (r = -.65, r = -.64, and r = -.58, respectively) and plasma epinephrine (Epi) (r = -.55, r= -.58, and r = -.56, respectively) and norepinephrine (NE) (r = -.52, r = -.49, and r = -.48, respectively) 1 minute after announcement of the MST (all P <.05). Although not statistically significant at all time points, similar relationships were observed between GDR and resting HR, systolic blood pressure (BP) at rest and during mental stress, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (Chol), serum triglycerides (TG), and blood hemoglobin (HgB), with remarkable consistency from about 40 to 50 minutes onwards. HDL cholesterol and Epi remained independent in stepwise multiple regression analyses with the 60-, 90-, and 120-minute GDR as dependent variables (all P <.05). We suggest that 60- to 90-minute glucose clamps may provide information about the relationship between insulin sensitivity and various cardiovascular risk factors in borderline hypertensive young caucasian men.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood pressure regulation in young men with normal or elevated screening blood pressure.

We have previously shown correlations between cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure (BP), sympathetic nervous system activity, lipids and insulin resistance in young men with elevated screening BP. In the present study we aimed to: (1) compare the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of 11 polymorphisms in seven candidate genes for BP regulation in healthy 21-year-old Caucasian men, between 18 men with normal and 67 men with high screening BP, and (2) evaluate the effect of these polymorphisms in candidate genes on casual BP, BP responses to mental stress or catecholamines and metabolic parameters including insulin sensitivity. There were no differences in genotype distributions or allele frequencies between the subjects with normal and those with high screening BP. Insulin sensitivity was significantly higher in GG homozygotes in the G-261A polymorphism at the alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2A)AR) locus compared to GA heterozygotes (p = 0.007). Subjects who were homozygous both GG in the G-261A polymorphism at the alpha(2A)AR locus and GlyGly in the Arg16Gly polymorphism at the beta2-adrenergic (beta2AR) receptor loci had significantly higher insulin sensitivity and lower catecholamine levels during mental stress than subjects with other genotypes. Subjects who were II homozygous at the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) locus and AA homozygous at the angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) locus had lower BP and a better lipid profile than the rest of the group. Thus, in this explorative study, we report an association between insulin sensitivity and a polymorphism at the alpha(2A)AR locus. We suggest the presence of gene-gene interactions in the renin-angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Less adrenergic response to mental task during verapamil compared to amlodipine treatment in hypertensive subjects.

We compared the effects of amlodipine and verapamil slow release on autonomic responses to a 5-min mental arithmetic test (MST) in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Twenty subjects received 8 weeks of verapamil slow release 240 mg or amlodipine 10 mg in a double-blind crossover design, both after 4 weeks' placebo. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were continuously monitored. Venous plasma catecholamines were analysed by a radioenzymatic assay. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was estimated with the transfer function technique. Calculations of the area under the curve (AUC) were used to estimate average HR, BP and catecholamine concentrations. The reactivity to MST was estimated as percent change from the basal AUC. A paired t-test was performed. Data are means +/-SEM. Compared to verapamil, amlodipine increased average noradrenaline (NA) concentrations (245 +/- 23 vs 191 +/- 17 pg/l, respectively, p = 0.005), NA reactivity (14.0 +/- 5.5% vs -2.9 +/- 3.3, p = 0.004), average HR (65 +/- 2 vs 61 +/- 2 beats/min, p < 0.001) and HR reactivity (2.5 +/- 1.0 vs 0.1 +/- 0.9%, p = 0.056). BP did not differ significantly. BRS correlated with average and baseline HR on both medications (r = -0.53 and -0.63, p < or = 0.03). We conclude that adrenergic responses to MST are blunted on treatment with verapamil compared to amlodipine in hypertensive patients.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Autonomic function in hypertensive and normotensive subjects: the importance of gender.

Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) has been found lower and heart rate variability (HRV) parasympathetic markers have been found higher in healthy women than in healthy men. Thus, in the present study we hypothesized gender differences in the autonomic function among hypertensive subjects. Forty-one hypertensive patients and 34 normotensive subjects, age 53+/-1 years, were examined. Four weeks after cessation of antihypertensive therapy, HRV was assessed in 24-hour Holter ECGs, and BRS was calculated with the transfer technique. A t test was performed after log transformation of spectral values. Resting blood pressure and heart rate in the hypertensive and the normotensive groups were 150+/-2/100+/-1 (mean+/-SEM) and 121+/-2/81+/-1 mm Hg, respectively, and 68+/-1 and 60+/-1 bpm, respectively (P<0.0005). Compared with normotensive controls, hypertensive patients had lower total power (1224+/-116 versus 1797+/-241 ms(2); P=0.03), lower low frequency power (550+/-57 versus 813+/-115 ms(2); P=0.04), lower high frequency power (141+/-23 versus 215+/-38 ms(2); P=0.06), lower root mean square successive difference (28.7+/-2.7 versus 35.7+/-3.0 ms; P=0.03), and PNN50 (4.9+/-0.6% versus 9.8+/-1.5%; P=0.003). BRS was also lower in the hypertensive subjects (7.6+/-0.6 versus 10.4+/-0.8 ms/mm Hg; P=0.005). When comparing the same parameters between normotensive subjects and hypertensive subjects within the same gender group, we found significant reduction (P<0.05) only within the female group. The difference in BRS within the female group was twice that within the male group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed gender, age, HDL cholesterol, and blood pressure as independent explanatory variables of BRS and HRV. Our results suggest that gender is an important determinant of BRS and HRV. Autonomic function parameters were especially impaired in hypertensive women compared with hypertensive men.

Baroreflex↗
PubMed2000

Association between acute hypobaric hypoxia and activation of coagulation in human beings.

The risk of venous thrombosis is thought to be increased by flying. In a study of 20 healthy male volunteers who were suddenly exposed to a hypobaric environment similar to that encountered within aeroplane cabins, markers of activated coagulation transiently Increased by two-fold to eight-fold. We suggest that hypobaric hypoxia, with sedentariness and dehydration, may cause this increased risk of venous thrombosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Effects of hyperinsulinemia on sympathetic responses to mental stress.

In a recent study, we could not find evidence to support the hypothesis that insulin activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp procedure. Mental stress tests (MST), however, may be used to detect differences in blood pressure and SNS activity that are not present during baseline or resting conditions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hyperinsulinemia during glucose clamp on blood pressure and sympathetic responses to mental stress. Borderline hypertensive but otherwise healthy 21-year-old men (n = 18) underwent 5 min of mental arithmetic stress testing (MST-1) before and at the end of 120 min of isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp (MST-2) with infusion rates of glucose and insulin kept constant. Insulin concentration increased from 119 +/- 10 pmol/L to 752 +/- 65 pmol/L. We observed highly significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate in response to MST, but neither insulin nor saline solution infusions affected these responses. During MST-1, norepinephrine increased by 461 +/-165 pmol/L (mean +/- SEM) and epinephrine by 218 +/- 76 pmol/L. During MST-2 the changes were 372 +/- 112 pmol/L and 187 +/- 60 pmol/L, respectively. The norepinephrine (P = .8) and epinephrine (P = .7) responses were unchanged by insulin. Thus, there were similar increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamine concentrations in arterialized venous blood in response to MST despite the infusion of insulin. A possible time effect was excluded by including a saline solution control group (n = 7) that showed almost identical results. Our results suggest that acute hyperinsulinemia during isoglycemic glucose clamp does not interfere with cardiovascular or sympathetic responses to mental stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Blood pressure and heart rate responses to cold pressor test in patients admitted to hospital due to chest pain.

Cardiovascular hyperreactivity to stress may be a risk factor for future cardiovascular events. In this study we hypothesized increased cardiovascular responses to a cold pressor test (CPT) in coronary patients admitted to hospital due to chest pain compared with patients admitted with chest pain with suspected, but not later confirmed, coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 20 patients were included in the study. All were admitted due to chest pain. None of the patients suffered from myocardial infarction. In 10 patients (CAD+) CAD was confirmed by positive exercise ECG or coronary angiography. In the other 10 patients (CAD-) all tests were negative. The two groups did not differ significantly in resting blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), age, gender or smoking status. A 1 min CPT was performed after 15 min supine rest. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses were registered. There were significantly larger heart rate (p < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) responses to a cold pressure test in patients with chest pain and coronary heart disease than in patients with chest pain only. Percentage increases in HR and systolic BP also differed significantly. Cardiovascular responses to a cold pressor test were significantly larger in CAD patients admitted to hospital due to chest pain than in patients admitted with chest pain and suspected, but not later confirmed, CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Increased forearm blood flow during glucose clamp is related neither to insulin sensitivity nor to hyperinsulinemia in borderline hypertensive young men.

It is controversial whether raised insulin within the physiological concentration range increases forearm blood flow (FBF). The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the effect of the isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp procedure on FBF and to relate the increase to the glucose disposal rate (GDR), i.e. insulin sensitivity. Borderline hypertensive young men were examined with the clamp technique or received saline infusion, and FBF was measured using plethysmography. It is of particular interest to study this group of subjects because their GDR correlates to a number of metabolic and hemodynamic variables, and these subjects hyperreact to stressful stimuli. There was no correlation between deltaFBF during clamp and GDR (r = -0.002, p = 0.99, n = 28). While serum insulin increased from 107 +/- 5 to 628 +/- 31 pmol/l in the hyperinsulinemic group and remained unchanged (135 +/- 11 vs 116 +/- 11 pmol/l) in the saline group, FBF increased from 3.5 +/- 0.3 to a maximum of 5.1 +/- 0.4 ml/min/100 ml (p < 0.001, n = 28) and from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to a maximum of 4.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 ml (p = 0.01, n = 8), respectively. The increase in FBF (delta%) was similar in the two groups (p = 0.9). Thus, we could not demonstrate any relationship between insulin sensitivity and increments in FBF during hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp in borderline hypertensive young men. The moderate increases in FBF during insulin infusion with serum concentrations within the physiological range seem to be time-dependent and not caused by hyperinsulinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Insulin sensitivity is related to physical fitness and exercise blood pressure to structural vascular properties in young men.

Insulin resistance is related to physical inactivity, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. Moreover, blood pressure responses during the first 6 minutes of an exercise test (600 kilo/pound/meter [kpm] per min) are more predictive for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than blood pressure at rest, which could reflect that exercise blood pressure correlates more closely to peripheral structural vascular changes than casual blood pressure. We have recently shown a correlation between insulin resistance and minimal forearm vascular resistance (MFVR) in young men recruited from the highest blood pressure percentiles during a military draft session. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that insulin sensitivity relates to physical fitness and that blood pressure responses during an exercise test relate to peripheral structural vascular changes in these men; we also tested whether these findings were interrelated. We assessed insulin sensitivity and physical fitness in 27 young men randomly selected from the cohort having a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or higher during the compulsory military draft session in Oslo. Insulin sensitivity correlated with physical fitness (r=0.58, P=0.002). Systolic blood pressure after 6 minutes of exercise (600 kpm/min) correlated with MFVR (r=0.46, P=0.015). MFVR and physical fitness independently explained 60% of the variation in insulin sensitivity, and MFVR independently explained 19% of the variation of systolic blood pressure after 6 minutes of exercise. In conclusion, insulin sensitivity is related to physical fitness and exercise blood pressure to structural vascular properties in these young men.

Adolescent↗