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Biomedical subjects

M Roumiantzeff

Publications and source records attributed to M Roumiantzeff.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunoenhancement with combined rabies and aluminium-adjuvanted tetanus vaccines.

The effect of combining tetanus toxoid in the same syringe with purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) was investigated in the 2-1-1 regimen of PVRV. The 2-1-1 regimen alone was as immunogenic as the five-dose regimen, while saving one dose of vaccine and two clinic visits. When aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed tetanus toxoid was used to dissolve PVRV on days 0 (one of the two doses) and 21, the anti-rabies antibody was significantly increased. Aluminium-free tetanus toxoid was ineffective, suggesting that immunoenhancement was due to aluminium adjuvant. In addition, anti-tetanus antibody was unaffected and the side-effects were not increased by such mixing.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

The present status of rabies vaccine development and clinical experience with rabies vaccine.

Attempts to control human rabies have a long history: animal and human vaccines provide efficient weapons for prevention. In this presentation, we would like to consider the different rabies vaccines available for human use, and particularly the modern vaccines produced in cell culture. Rabies virus is considered as an unique virus, but in fact, 5 groups of rabies fixed strains are used throughout the world to produce human rabies vaccines: Pasteur, Beijing, Flury, Fuenzalida and SAD strains. The Pasteur-derived strains, designated PV or PM, are the most widely used for the production of traditional vaccines of the Semple or Suckling Mouse Brain (SMB) types, but also for the production of modern cell culture vaccines: Human Diploid and Purified Vero Cell vaccines (HDCV and PVRV). The different rabies vaccines should be classified according to the cell system used to cultivate the virus: animal systems are still employed to produce the old traditional vaccines-Semple and SMB-which continue to be produced in several countries; Primary cell systems, particularly Hamster Kidney and Chick embryo cells, are used; Cell lines are presently the most interesting approach for vaccine production. The use of the human diploid cell system permitted the development of the HDCV, the most widely distributed cell culture rabies vaccine, and today considered as the reference vaccine. The heteroploid VERO cell line was introduced in 1982 to the production of inactivated rabies vaccine; it retained all the advantages of the Human Diploid Cell system, while offering the possibility of the large scale industrial production of PVRV. For both HDCV and PVRV, production security is guaranteed by the existence of a master cell seed and working cell bank, with a complete history of the cell, a limited number of passages and permanent and total quality control of the cell substrate. The principal human rabies vaccines produced worldwide at present using cell culture are compared, in terms of their technical characteristics and their capacity economically to face worldwide vaccine needs. The greatest needs are today in tropical countries, where only a limited amount of modern cell culture vaccines are used.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Persistence of rabies antibody 5 years after pre-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell antirabies vaccine and antibody response to a single booster dose.

In 1978, 22 staff members of the National Institute of Virology, Pune, India, were given two doses of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine (HDCV) for primary pre-exposure prophylactic immunization; the interval between the two doses being approximately 4 weeks. Eighteen of these 22 vaccinees were given a booster dose 1 year later. All 18 vaccinees developed protective levels of antibody; most of them had antibody levels exceeding 10 IU/ml. In 1984, 5 years after the booster dose, 11 (79.0%) of 14 vaccinees tested still possessed neutralizing antibody levels ranging from 0.5 IU/ml to 10 IU/ml. Fourteen days after the administration of a booster dose, the antibody levels ranged from 10 to greater than or equal to 100 IU/ml for all except one vaccine (5.2 IU/ml). These findings demonstrate that the majority of vaccines retained detectable neutralizing antibody after pre-exposure prophylaxis for as long as 5 years and that a single booster dose thereafter evoked a good antibody response.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Use of a combined DTP-polio vaccine in a reduced schedule.

A five-year serologic follow-up and a four-year monitoring of the polio and pertussis morbidity in an area immunized with a 2 + 1 dose schedule of a combined DTP-Po vaccine have shown that: the individual protection against polio measured by the presence of neutralizing antibody persists at a very adequate level five years after the first booster; after three years of a steady high proportion of children with pertussis antibody, a considerable drop is observed and in about 28% of individuals agglutinin levels of less than 1:20 were found five years after booster; the community protection against paralytic poliomyelitis and pertussis is satisfactory up to four years after the introduction of the program. Continuation of immunization with a 2 + 1 dose schedule at a maximal coverage and close seroepidemiologic surveillance are necessary in order to draw definite conclusions, because of the potentially strong impact of very dynamic ecological factors present in our geopolitical area upon the agent-host interrelationship.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

A modified schedule for routine pertussis immunization.

As part of a study with a quadruple inactivated vaccine (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-polio), the serologic response to the pertussis antigen was investigated in infants at the age of routine immunization, inoculated with one of the following two regimens: either 0.5 ml vaccine at 2 and 3 1/2 months and a booster six months later, or an identical dose of vaccine given at 2, 4 and 6 months and a booster at the age of 12 months. A pertussis agglutination titer of greater than or equal to 1:10 was considered an immune response to the administration of the antigen. Two basic doses of pertussis antigen induced an immune response in about 92% of children, which was very close to that following three basic doses. A 100% seroconversion was observed in both groups one month after the booster dose, and geometric mean values were high in both regimens. At one and two years after the booster, the pertussis agglutinins were present in 100% of children of both groups, with higher geometric mean values in the group given the three basic doses regimen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Pertussis immunization of infants using a new combined DTP-polio vaccine.

As part of the evaluation of a new combined Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Poliomyelitis (DTP-Polio) inactivated vaccine, the pertussis agglutinin response was studied in 62 infants, two to three months old. Each dose of vaccine combined these antigens in a 0.5 ml volume, and contained at least four International Protective Units of pertussis antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide. Infants were vaccinated with three doses of DTP-Polio vaccine at two month intervals. Pertussis agglutinin determinations showed a satisfactory response after two DTP-Polio vaccine doses. Although higher agglutinin titres were apparent after three doses than after two, no significant difference was observed in the seroconversion rate after two or three doses (88.8% and 96.3% respectively). The DTP-Polio vaccine would thus seem suitable for use in a two-dose primary immunization schedule against pertussis.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1979

The multi-test system: a standardized approach to evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity.

While delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) testing with ubiquitous antigens is acknowledged to be useful in assessment of cell mediated immunity, existing methods suffer from lack of standardized antigens and optimal doses. The authors have evaluated a new plastic, disposable device (Multi-Test, Lincoln Laboratories) for simultaneous administration of up to eight test materials by multiple puncture and seven ubiquitous antigens in 70% glycerol prepared by Institut Merieux. Each antigen was standardized chemically and biologically for DCH activity. The Multi-Test system proved to be safe, rapid, painless, and reproducible means of evaluating DCH to multiple standardized antigens. This procedure offers the potential for detecting changes in cell-mediated immunity in diseases individuals who are skin tested periodically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Combination of attenuated measles vaccine (Schwarz) with meningococcus A and A + C vaccine.

There is an obvious interest in a combined meningococcus-measles vaccine since the two diseases are widespread and serious in Third World countries among children under five years of age. The purpose of our study was to show the safety and effectiveness of such a combined preparation. The study covered 110 children between 8 months and 4 years of age who were followed systematically in a maternal child health center in the Paris area. Only 93 of them were checked before and after the immunization. The serologic titrations by the hemagglutination assay (IHA) for measles, and by radioimmunological assay (RIA) for meningococcus A and C showed that the Schwarz strain measles vaccine combined with meningococcus A or the association A+C does not interfere with the increase of A or C titers. 100% of the children showed a seroconversion equal to or less than 2 micrograms per ml, in the case of meningococcus A, as well as for C, regardless of age. Furthermore, 88% of the subjects showed a titer greater than or equal to 4 micrograms for the meningococcus A and 79% for C. On the other hand, meningococcus A or the association A+C seem to depress measles vaccine activity. Nevertheless, more than 80% of the children tested showed seroconversion when the measles vaccine was combined with meningococcus A, and only 69% when combined with meningococcus A and C.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with preexposure rabies vaccination.

Preexposure rabies vaccination, presently limited to high-risk target populations, is facilitated by cell culture vaccines. Officially recommended programs comprise either two doses administered on days 0 and 28 or three doses given on days 0, 7, and 21 or 28. A first booster 1 year later ensures a good duration of immunity; follow-up studies now cover 5-8 years. These results were obtained by the intramuscular and subcutaneous injection routes; intradermal programs have been explored with the aim of reducing costs. Preexposure immunization is well tolerated, despite some systemic allergic reactions. Efficacy has been observed universally, but certain factors may affect results. Several lines of evidence favor an extension of preexposure vaccination. In Scandinavian countries, the majority of vaccine doses are used preexposure, while about 40%, 15%, and 10% are so used in the United Kingdom, the United States, and France, respectively. However, preventive immunization is rare in developing countries, where the risk of infection is maximal and permanent. The more economical new vaccines, such as purified Vero rabies vaccine, permit a reevaluation of preventive vaccination. Vaccine combinations including rabies may prove economical.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A study of the serological response of Sudanese children to three associated immunizations (measles, tetanus, meningococcal A meningitis) (author's transl)].

The authors first emphasize the efficiency and economic value of associated immunizations in developping countries. They report the first data collected in a campaign of immunization with a single injection of an extemporaneous mixture of antimeasles, antitetanus and antimeningococcal meningitis vaccines. This campaign took place in the Republic of Suddan from may 1976 to july 1977 and concerned 87 children. The specifications of each vaccine as well as the procedures of vaccination and serological control are given. The study of serological rates shows: -- a good response for measles with, in Africa, an optimal âge of 6 months and a new injection 6 months later; -- a low and late antibodies rise in tetanus with a good immunological memory giving way to an acute rise under a 2nd injection one year later; -- an immediate increase of the basic low rate of meningococcic antibodies existing in most Suddanese children before the injection. The authors consider the advantage of using also anti C meningococcal vaccine and to add an inactivated poliomyelitic vaccine. They give notice of the good stability in tropical environment of the vaccinal mixture they used.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mouse tumour tests for quality control of C. parvum preparations.

Description of two mouse tumor tests selected to control the quality of C. parvum pilot productions: transplanted Ehrlich's ascitic tumor in inbred Swiss mice and transplanted YC8 ascitic tumor in isogenic Balb/c mice. The results obtained during three years of control are analyzed, particularly accuracy, long range adequacy and reproducibility of tumor challenges and C, parvum stimulations. The effects of some parameters of the tumor tests, e.g. dose-responses, treatment schedules, tumor-host relationships and standard preparations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

C. parvum skin testing antigen: study on guinea pig model.

A skin-testing antigen produced from C. parvum has been developed for exploring cell-mediated immunity and specially C. parvum specific cell-mediated immunity by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) reaction. The DCH antigen and the techniques of intradermal injection and multiple puncture are described. DCH reactions are carried out in C. parvum specifically sensitized guinea pigs: sensitization procedure and adjuvant (IFA and CFA) effects are reported. Measures of DCH reactions for different antigen doses at various times (5-24-48 h) are reported; classical Mantoux and multiple puncture reactions are compared. The specificity of these DCH reactions are explored by comparing C. parvum antigen and tuberculin reactions in corynebacterium and mycobacterium sensitized guinea pigs.

Animals↗