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M Rowell

Publications and source records attributed to M Rowell.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The dream of consensus: finding common ground in a bioethical context.

Consensus is the holy grail of bioethics, the lynch pin of the assumption that well informed, well intentioned people may reach generally acceptable positions on ethically contentious issues. It has been especially important in bioethics, where advancing technology has assured an increasing field of complex medical dilemmas. This paper results on the use of a multicriterion decision making system (MCDM) analyzing group process in an attempt to better define hospital policy. In a pilot program at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, a series of small scale focus groups was constituted to examine criteria defining organ transplant eligibility. Criteria were organized hierarchically using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, an MCDM approach, and the resulting data was analyzed using Expert Choice 9.0, software designed to facilitate AHP analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis map barriers to practical consensus in a way not previously possible.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Private enterprise and public good: ethical issues in the funding of clinical research.

Health-care centres, universities, and the researchers and clinicians working in them are encouraged to procure research funding through the development of commercial relationships. There are positive, practical, and morally relevant arguments in support of this initiative, but the move also raises ethical issues concerning potential conflicts of interest. These include conflicts between an institution's or researcher's responsibilities to each other, to research subjects, and to the public, and competing financial interests. This article examines developments in research funding and ethical difficulties that may arise in the present administrative context. It provides suggestions for the development of guidelines by institutions that are supportive of investigators in their endeavors to enhance clinical care through crucial external funding and the implementation of research.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1997

Bioethics for clinicians: 9. Involving children in medical decisions.

Medical decisions involving children raise particular ethical issues for physicians and other members of the health care team. Although parents and physicians have traditionally made most medical decisions on behalf of children, the developing autonomy of children is increasingly being recognized in medical decision-making. This poses a challenge for physicians, who must work with the child's family and with other health care practitioners to determine the child's role in decision-making. A family-centred approach respects the complex nature of parent-child relationships, the dependence and vulnerability of the child and the child's developing capacity for decision-making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The ethical boundaries of drug research in pediatrics.

Research abuses in the pediatric setting, mistakes, regulation, minimal investment, and professional misconceptions may contribute to children becoming therapeutic orphans. The moral imperative to expand pediatric pharmacology is urgent but the enterprise is not without risk. Pediatricians as experts in child care are privileged to be able to advocate for the expansion of this invaluable research while simultaneously advocating for the children who are to be involved. In the development of ethical drug research, children's well-being and empowerment can be realized. A shared commitment will help to ensure that in the future we will be better able to provide safe and effective medication and so greatly enhance the care of children.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1997

Ethics teaching and learning in pediatric training: development of a curriculum.

The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada has stated that residency programs "must provide opportunities for residents to gain an understanding of the basic principles of biomedical ethics as it relates to the specialty." This article presents the steps taken to develop a curriculum for teaching and learning biomedical ethics in Canadian pediatric residency programs, and to provide a model for teaching ethics in this context. Using literature reviews, and opinion surveys of departmental chairpersons, pediatric residents, and practising pediatricians across Canada, we have developed a teachers' handbook to help faculty members in teaching ethics. It can also be used as a tool to enhance faculty development in ethics. The manual is to be distributed to all pediatric training programs throughout Canada in 1997, and its use will be evaluated over the subsequent year. It offers a prototype that is adaptable to Royal College programs other than pediatrics.

Canada↗
PubMed1973

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Botany↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eradication of vitamin A deficiency with 5 cents and a vegetable garden.

1. It is estimated that 10 million children are vitamin A deficient. Of these children, over 1 million needlessly die, go blind, or suffer lesser degrees of visual impairment every year. This problem--along with all forms of malnutrition--is likely to be seriously magnified by the year 2000. The scope of the problem is immense, and the need to address it is urgent. 2. Interventions for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency and its consequences are considered to be some of the most cost-effective and health-productive in the Third World--and yet the problem remains immense, representing one of the greatest failures in global public health planning. 3. As ophthalmic professionals, we are at the center of this urgent public health concern. We have an important responsibility in the initiation and development of sustainable programs for health promotion and disease prevention.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study on transplant eligibility criteria: valuing the stories in numbers.

The medical and nursing literature often seem divided between numerical, qualitative studies, and quantitative, narrative-based case histories. Rarely are the numbers generated by the first informed by the experiences and insights offered by the second type of study. This paper reports on a pilot study carried out at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, on a methodology combining qualitative and quantitative data. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a type of multicriterion decision making, focus groups were used to analyze survey-based organ transplant eligibility criteria. Through this process, a portrait of the limits of that data was generated by staff members. Organ transplant eligibility was chosen because of its importance, and very public discussions arising from high profile cases in Canada and the United States.

Child↗