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Biomedical subjects

M Rozencweig

Publications and source records attributed to M Rozencweig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

m-AMSA and PALA: two new agents in cancer chemotherapy.

4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) are two new anticancer agents that have been recently introduced into clinical investigation. This review summarizes the preclinical information that has accumulated with these compounds as well as the very preliminary data presently available from early clinical trials. This information indicates the promising potential of m-AMSA and PALA in the treatment of cancer.

Aminoacridines↗
PubMed1979

Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure.

Potential risk factors responsible for development of doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure were examined through retrospective analysis of 4018 patient records. The overall incidence of drug-induced congestive heart failure was 2.2% (88 cases). The probability of incurring doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure was related to the total dose of doxorubicin administered. There was a continuum of increasing risk as the cumulative amount of administered drug increased. A weekly dose schedule of doxorubicin was associated with a significantly lower incidence of congestive heart failure than was the usually employed every 3-week schedule. An increase in drug-related congestive heart failure was also seen with advancing patient age. Performance status, sex, race, and tumor type were not risk factors. These data will enable clinicians to better estimate the risk/benefit ratio in individual patients receiving prolonged administration of doxorubicin. They also provide a basis for the investigation of less cardiotoxic anthracycline analogues or for designing measures to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Adequacies and inadequacies in assessing murine toxicity data with antineoplastic agents.

Previous retrospective analyses have suggested a very positive correlation in toxic doses of antineoplastic agents between mice and humans. Additional toxicological information has now been accumulated and reveals a noticeable variability in the existing data base. Nevertheless, it is likely that mouse toxicological studies will become a principal determinant for estimating initial doses to be used in humans. Recognition of the factors responsible for differences in determinations of toxic dose levels in mice will enhance the proper utilization of this approach.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

International activities of the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute.

International collaborative activities of the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, U.S.A., have a long-standing history, and in recent years have expanded to such an extent that an Office of International Treatment Research has been created. The scope of these activities encompasses three areas: 1) participation in International Collaborative Agreements with official national research entities, 2)direct NCI-supported projects, and 3) miscellaneous, less formalized programs. These are described and specific recent contributions are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the importance of international collaboration and exchange of information in searching for new drugs and in maximizing progress in cancer treatment.

France↗
PubMed1978

The use of peritoneoscopy in the detection of liver metastases.

Peritoneoscopy was carried out in 352 cancer patients with clinical suspicion of liver involvement in most cases. Principally because of patient discomfort, adequate liver biopsy was obtained in only 66% of 240 patients who underwent peritoneoscopy under local anesthesia while, under general anesthesia, biopsies could be taken in 90% of 112 patients. When the liver was macroscopically free of disease, the yield of positive peritoneoscopy was minimal regardless of the number of blind deep biopsies. Peritoneoscopy provided histologic demonstration of hepatic invasion in a total of 55 patients. Seven false-negative examinations out of 19 negative peritoneoscopies (36%) were identified by subsequent laparotomy or autopsy within 2 months. These preliminary data, although difficult to interpret in terms of accuracy of the method, point to the possible contributions of peritoneoscopy in detecting liver metastases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1978

The chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease: past experiences and future directions.

From the standpoint of chemotherapy, the first progress in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease was the identification of the activity of nitrogen mustard in the 1940's. The initial antitumor effect of the drug created a great excitement. However, when all patients later relapsed, there was subsequent dejection and skepticism about the utility of drug therapy. Fortunately, in the 1950's and 1960's, the development of other effective agents (vinca alkaloids, corticosteroids, and methylhydrazines) in conjunction with the elucidation of the principles of combination chemotherapy led to a marked increase in the antitumor response rate of patients with Hodgkin's disease. The value of many of these drug combinations remains under study. Nonetheless, approximately 75% of all patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease treated today with combination chemotherapy can achieve a complete remission. In addition, over half of these remain disease-free long enough to be considered cured. The development of effective treatment, both local (radiotherapy) and systemic (MOPP chemotherapy), has given the clinical investigator the tools to complete, in the 1970's, the therapeutic experiments necessary to refine both the interrelationship between the treatments and their impact upon the natural history of Hodgkin's disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind crossover clinical pharmacology study comparing moxestrol (R 2858) and ethinyl estradiol in postmenopausal women.

The potency of 5 migrogram moxestrol (R 2858). 11beta-methoxy-17alpha-ethinyl-estra-1,3,5-[10]-triene-3,17-diol, administered orally, was compared to that of 25 microgram ethinyl estradiol in a double-blind crossover clinical pharmacology study of six postmenopausal women. At these doses, both compounds increased the eosinophilic index and decreased serum LH and FSH levels. A marked effect on circulating prolactin was observed only during ethinyl estradiol treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Role of antitumor antibiotics in current oncologic practice.

The antitumor antibiotics have thus made a major impact on oncologic practice. The continued search for productive strains of these organisms should be encouraged. In addition, the activity and toxicity spectrum suggests the need for vigorous analog development. An active anthracycline devoid of cardiotoxicity; a bleomycin with no effect on pulmonary tissue; an analog of streptozotocin devoid of nephrotoxicity; these would be advances of inestimable benefit to the cancer patient of the future.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The role of antitumor antibiotics in current oncologic practice.

The antitumor antibiotics have thus made a major impact on oncologic practice. The continued search for productive strains of these organisms should be encouraged; in addition, the activity and toxicity spectrum suggests the need for vigorous analogue development. An active anthracycline devoid of cardiotoxicity, a bleomycin with no effect on pulmonary tissue, an analogue of streptozoticin devoid of nephrotoxicity -- these would be advances of inestimable benefit to the cancer patient of the future.

Acute Disease↗