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Biomedical subjects

M Rudnicki

Publications and source records attributed to M Rudnicki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Magnesium supplement in pregnancy-induced hypertension. A clinicopathological study.

The placenta and the umbilical cord obtained from 18 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were investigated by light microscopy. The umbilical artery was studied by electron microscopy. 10 placentae and umbilical cords from normal pregnancies served as controls. The study was performed as a double-blind randomized controlled study in which 11 women were allocated to magnesium and 7 to placebo treatment. The treatment comprised a 48-hour intravenous magnesium/placebo infusion followed by daily oral magnesium/placebo intake until one day after delivery. Magnesium supplement increased birth weight and placental weight significantly. Light microscopic study of the placentae and the umbilical cord arteries showed no difference between the three groups concerning the occurrence of infarctions, cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia, vasculo-syncytial membranes, basement membrane thickening, stromal fibrosis or intervillous fibrin. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells of the umbilical arteries from women with pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a significant increase in the amount of dilated endoplasmic reticulum and basal laminae thickness when all 18 cases were compared with the controls. There was no significant difference when the magnesium group, the placebo group and the control group were compared separately. The present study suggests that magnesium supplement has a beneficial effect on fetal growth in pregnancy-induced hypertension. With regard to the light and electron microscopic changes we were unable to demonstrate any significant difference between the magnesium, placebo and control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Proximal jejunal and biliary effects on the enteroinsular axis.

The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of the proximal jejunum and endogenous bile within the proximal jejunum on the enteroinsular axis. Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats underwent proximal jejunal bypass, 11 rats underwent Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomies, and 12 rats underwent sham operations. After 3 months, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in unanesthetized animals and venous blood was collected for plasma glucose and insulin measurements. The surgical procedures did not significantly affect the basal glucose and insulin levels compared with sham-operated animals. The insulin response in rats with excluded proximal jejunal segments was inhibited. The decreased insulinogenic index seen in these animals indicates a possible diabetogenic effect of this procedure. An oral glucose challenge resulted in significant hyperinsulinemia, with an increased insulinogenic index in animals that had undergone Roux-en-Y cholangiojejunostomies. These findings suggest that bile is a potential mediator in the proximal jejunal involvement in the enteroinsular axis.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1989

Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

A primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus in a 61-year-old woman was treated by transhiatal esophagectomy. The clinical data were correlated with data obtained from a review of the 129 cases reported in the world literature, thereby providing a clinical profile and suggested management strategy for this rare type of esophageal malignancy. Presenting symptoms of esophageal small cell carcinoma include dysphagia (75.3%), weight loss (38.4%), and chest pain (23.3%). Treatment regimens have included surgical intervention in 58%, radiotherapy in 10%, chemotherapy in 6%, or some combination of these in 26%. Overall survival is only 20.7 weeks after diagnosis. The fact that three fourths of affected patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis leads us to recommend surgical intervention plus systemic chemotherapy in these patients.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1989

Independent release of peptide YY (PYY) into the circulation and ileal lumen of the awake dog.

Peptide YY (PYY) is a recently discovered polypeptide found in the endocrine cells of the distal small intestine, colon, and rectum. This study was designed to evaluate the postprandial release of PYY into the peripheral blood and the ileal lumen in response to different ingested nutrients. Six adult conditioned mongrel dogs had 25-cm distal ileal Thiry-Vella segments surgically constructed. After a 2-week postoperative recovery period the animals were fed meals consisting of protein (2 g/kg), fat (5 g/kg), or glucose (1.5 g/kg). Circulating and ileal intraluminal PYY concentrations were measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay developed in our laboratory. Significant increases in circulating PYY levels were seen only after the fat meal in dogs. Ileal intraluminal PYY concentrations were significantly greater than those concentrations seen in the peripheral blood. A significant rise in ileal intraluminal PYY was seen only after the glucose meal without concomitant changes in circulating PYY. These findings document independent release mechanisms of PYY into the circulation and ileal lumen of the awake dog. We believe that the release of PYY into the canine circulation and into the ileal lumen after feeding may be dependent on the type of nutrient ingested and may serve to regulate the diverse physiologic roles of PYY in the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay to determine postprandial changes in plasma neuropeptide Y levels in awake dogs.

A specific, precise and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay for Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been developed. There was no appreciable cross-reactivity with the structurally related peptides, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The minimum detectable plasma NPY level was 3 nM. Application of radioimmunoassay to canine models revealed that portal and systemic NPY levels increased significantly following a standard meal.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Modulatory effect of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) on fibrinolysis and fibrinogen derivatives.

We have investigated some components of the fibrinolytic system and fibrinogen derivatives in blood samples taken simultaneously from the human portal and cubital veins. In the first series the blood was drawn during laparotomy from 12 cholecystectomized, otherwise healthy patients. The mean value of euglobulin lysis time was significantly lower in the portal than in the cubital vein. The values of the fibrinogen, plasminogen, serial dilution protamine sulfate, and ethanol gelation tests in both samples were quite similar. In the second series blood was taken from eight patients with cancer of the gut and from six cholecystectomized patients. The staphylococcal clumping test (SCT) in serum was performed for fibrin degradation products (FDP) in samples from both veins. In patients with cancer the mean FDP level was significantly higher in the portal than in the cubital vein. In cholecystectomized patients the SCT was negative in samples from both veins. We conclude that fibrinogen pathway metabolism does not differ in the portal and cubital veins under normal conditions, whereas in neoplastic disease fibrinogen degradation is greater in the portal vein. We also suggest that the gut probably modulates fibrinolytic activity in normal conditions.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emergency surgery in hematologic patients.

Patients at risk for clinically significant bleeding and who require urgent or emergent surgical procedures are encountered. Usually local causes are responsible, but a generalized hematologic defect may be uncovered. Quickly and effectively distinguishing the cause may be critical to rapid treatment and survival. A careful history, appropriate use of laboratory tests (e.g., partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and platelet count), and knowledge of possible causes are key to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Bleeding from multiple sites, spontaneous bleeding, or unexpectedly severe bleeding suggests a systemic process. Immunocompromised or suppressed patients or systemically ill patients with chronic hepatic renal, lymphatic, and hematologic disorders are seen with urgent surgical problems. The key is rapid diagnosis and effective systemic and local therapy to counter the problem. The syndrome of diffuse "medical bleeding" frequently confronts the surgeon treating a patient who has received transfusions of more than 1.5 times blood volume. The coagulation defect is almost always associated with hypothermia and acidosis. Treatment consists in control of large-vessel bleeding by appropriate surgical techniques, blunt packing, and tamponade of diffuse bleeding, rapid rewarming of the patient, and adequate resuscitation for shock. Transfusion of platelets and fresh frozen plasma is empiric initially and subsequently guided by the clinical and laboratory coagulation profiles of the patient.

Abdomen, Acute↗