Self-dressing techniques for patients with spinal cord injury.
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Activities of Daily Living↗
Biomedical subjects
M Runge
Publications and source records attributed to M Runge.
[The influence of frequency and blockade of the autonomic nervous system on the functional behaviour of the human conduction system. Part A: Conduction velocity (author's transl)].
32 patients were studied by His-bundle recordings to examine the extent to which frequency and autonomic nervous system influence the conduction velocity in the subdivisions (atrium, AV-node, His-Purkinje system) of the normal PR-interval. The measurements were performed during sinus rhythm and three electrically induced atrial frequencies before and after intravenous administration of 1 mg Atropine (15 patients) and 0.4 mg Visken (17 patients). In influencing the atrial conduction velocity frequency dominates the blockade of both components of the autonomic nervous system. Increase in frequency lengthens the intraatrial conduction time. Blockade of parasympathicus and sympathicus does not significantly influence the changes in intraatrial conduction velocity induced by increase of frequency. Patients with prolonged intraatrial conduction respond in the same way to cycle length shortening and blockade of the autonomic tone as patients with normal conduction. The results are discussed with respect to acetylcholine and catecholamine influence on the electrophysiological properties of the atrial myocardium. The AV-node is the part of the conduction system most sensitive to the influence of both cycle length shortening and blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Artificially induced cycle length shortening prolongs the intranodal conduction time to a different individual level for each patient. Blockade of the parasympathicus not only shortens this interval but also reduces the steepness of the AH-time induced by atrial pacing. Blockade of the sympathicus has the opposite effect. The most likely explanation for these results is the abolishing of the functional dissociation within the AV-node by blocking the autonomic influence on this structure. The conduction velocity in the His-Purkinje system is influenced neither by atrial pacing nor by blockade of both components of the autonomic nervous system.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
[Multifactorial pathogenesis of gait disorders, falls and hip fractures in the elderly].
Age, gait disorders, falls, and hip fractures are connected in a pathological cascade. 90% of hip fractures happen at the age of 70 and older; 90% are a consequence of a fall. Only a minority of these patients regain their former level of locomotion. For many of them a hip fracture ends in dependence on personal help, placement in a nursing home, or even death. About 80% of falls occur due to pathological balance and gait disorder and are not due to syncope or overwhelming external force. 5% of all falls result in a fracture, including 1% of all falls with hip fractures. What determines the fracture risk is the relation of bone fragility to geometrical and physical factors of the fall. Regarding the cascade gait disorder-fall-hip fracture, there are always multiple factors interacting. It is useful to give this distinct entity of multifactorial gait disorder with high risk of falling a new diagnostic label: We suggest "age-associated multifactorial gait disorder." To identify individual risk factors and regard their interactions can be a basis for therapy and interventions to prevent falls.
Accidental Falls↗