Causal relationships between drug-induced hypercoagulability and priapism.
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Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
Biomedical subjects
M S Bornman
Publications and source records attributed to M S Bornman.
Platelets and thromboxane A2 in the pathogenesis of aging penile vascular changes and impotence.
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Aging↗
[The evaluation, classification and management of 300 impotent patients].
Three hundred impotent patients were evaluated by a general and sexual questionnaire, clinical examination, hormonal assay, penile blood pressure measurements, erectiometry, urodynamic studies and ultrasonography of the corpus cavernosum. The patients were classified according to the cause of the impotence; 44% had a psychogenic basis, 13% a neuropathy, 39% a vasculogenic cause and 4% a combination of neuropathy and angiopathy. Psychogenically impotent patients were referred for further treatment. Twenty penile prostheses were implanted in the organic group; 19 patients were satisfied with the result. This diagnostic approach to impotence classification and treatment according to the cause and the careful selection of patients for surgery improved the success rate.
Adult↗
[Transmission electron microscopy as an aid in the management of infertile men].
Light microscopic evaluation of the semen of infertile men with sperm motility and morphological problems and Kartagener's syndrome does not always provide sufficient evidence for the cause of infertility. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on selected primary and secondary male infertility patients to determine the specific causes (ultrastructural) of infertility. A final diagnosis could be given to patients who had had over the years (average 8 years) several evaluations of their semen without any definite reason being given for their infertility. With TEM of the semen, ultrastructural abnormalities of the spermatozoa as causes of infertility could be demonstrated which were undetectable with standard routine light microscopy.
Cilia↗
Elevated thromboxane B2 levels during erection.
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6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
Histological changes in the penis of the Chacma baboon--a model to study aging penile vascular impotence.
Light and scanning electron microscopy was performed on the penes of Chacma baboons to establish their suitability as animal model for studying vascular impotence. Analogous aging penile vascular changes were found in man, and a fibrous trabeculopathy with intertrabecular senechiae was demonstrated. Considering the corresponding changes, the Chacma baboon could thus be regarded suitable for studying the pathophysiology of aging penile vascular changes.
Aging↗
The use of autologous 111In-labelled platelets and scintigraphy to illustrate enhanced platelet activity during erection in the chacma baboon.
The demonstration of thrombelastographic hypercoagulability in the penile blood during erection, and the accompanying deposition of fibrin onto the endothelial layer of the deep penile artery and trabecular surface inspired this investigation of the possible role that platelets might play in the process. The bloodpooling pattern in the penis during and after erection from electro-stimulation was studied in 9 male adult baboons (Papio ursinus) using in vivo 99mTc-labelled red blood cells and scintigraphy. Platelet activity was similarly investigated after administering autologous 111In-labelled platelets to the baboons. The results indicate an enhanced platelet concentration with respect to bloodpooling during erection, and an entrapment of platelets after erection.
Animals↗
Hypercoagulability as a predisposition to impotence due to aging ageing.
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Aging↗
Lethal dose and reproductive parameters of p-nonylphenol in rats.
Male reproductive abnormalities may be due to an increased level of maternal estrogens affecting the developing fetus. Man is exposed to environmental estrogens in multiple ways: diet, drinking water, air, and skin, para-Nonylphenol (p-NP), an alkylphenol, has estrogenic properties. This study was performed to evaluate the potency and workable concentrations before reproductive tests could be performed. The oral LD50 (median lethal dose) value for rats was 1475 mg/kg. For both males in the reproductive test the litter size after long-term treatment at 50 mg/kg p-NP was smaller than that in the breeding records. Five females did not conceive at all.
Animals↗
Thromboxane B2 production during erection.
The effect of erection on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in penile blood during electrically evoked erection was studied in the chacma baboon. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha remained at a low concentration, but thromboxane B2 showed a statistically significant rise 8-10 minutes after commencement of erection. Elevated thromboxane B2 during erection may potentiate platelet aggregation and may be one of the key events in the pathogenesis of ageing impotence.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
[Microbial flora in semen of infertile African men at Garankuwa hospital].
This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of bacteria and Mycoplasmas in semen of infertile African men and to compare abnormal semen parameters with the presence of these organisms. Routine semen analysis were performed on 100 patients, and semen and first-voided urine samples were cultured. Mycoplasma hominis was cultured in 28% of seminal fluid and Ureaplasma urealyticum in 42%. These organisms were both present in 22% of cultures. Bacteriological cultures were positive in 6 urine and 21 seminal specimens. The frequency of tail abnormalities in the Mycoplasma positive group was greater as compared to normal values. From these it would appear that culture for Ureaplasma should probably be performed routinely at the Andrology Clinic.
Bacteria↗
Alpha-glucosidase activity and sperm motility.
We correlated the activity of alpha-glucosidase in seminal plasma with the motility and differential motility of sperm. Significant positive correlations were found between the alpha-glucosidase activity and both motility and the percentage sperm with good forward progression. This supports the use of alpha-glucosidase in semen as a marker of epididymal function and specifically of the development of motility.
Humans↗
The onset of puberty in Tswana schoolboys: a need for sex education.
Spermaturia can be used as an indicator of genital and sexual maturation in puberty. In this study the mean age of the onset of puberty in Tswana schoolboys was determined. Of the boys between 10 and 13 years, only one (1.22%) aged 13 had spermaturia, compared with 61 boys (88.4%) in the group 14-16 years. The mean age of boys with spermaturia was 14.95 +/- 0.85 years. The possible onset of puberty as calculated by the presence of spermaturia was between 14.10 and 15.80 years. It would seem, therefore, that from the age of 14 years, a boy might theoretically be able to father a child. The need for sex education at school is thus of paramount importance.
Adolescent↗
Impaired epididymal function in patients with detached ciliary tufts in semen: a preliminary report.
Low spermatozoal ATP concentration in the presence of high alpha-glucosidase activity may indicate efficient epididymal function. It was suggested that detached ciliary tufts (DCTs) originated from the epididymis. We compared the spermatozoal ATP concentration and alpha-glucosidase activity in semen of patients with DCTs to that of a control group. Higher ATP concentration and lower alpha-glucosidase activity were found in patients with DCTs in their semen compared to the control group. These results might probably point out impaired epididymal function and further support the proposed epididymal origin of these tufts.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
The presence of alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine and carnitine in the epididymis and ejaculate of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) and the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus).
The epididymis is the site of posttesticular sperm maturation in the male genital tract. Studies on human epididymides are hampered by the practical inaccessibility of epididymides of healthy men in their reproductive years. The limited use of laboratory animals therefore seems unavoidable. The objective was to establish baseline values of the epididymal markers alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and carnitine in the lumen of the caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis and in the ejaculate of adult male Chacma baboons and vervet monkeys. In both primates, alpha-glucosidase was found throughout the epididymis and in the ejaculate; values did not vary significantly. In monkeys, the highest concentration of GPC was found in the cauda epididymidis, but smaller amounts were found in the other regions and the ejaculate. In baboons, GPC was absent from the caput, but present in the other regions, including the ejaculate. Carnitine concentrations increased significantly from the caput to the cauda in monkeys and from the caput to the corpus in baboons. With this study, the relative concentration ranges in which these markers are present in the epididymides of these primates have been established. In future studies, changes in concentrations of these substances would probably indicate changes in epididymal function.
Animals↗
Effect of rotation on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human semen.
Rotation of semen after liquefaction is a standard procedure in an Andrology laboratory. During rotation under aerobic conditions the semen is exposed to oxygen. Oxygen toxicity induces lipid peroxidation which is responsible for the loss of sperm function. The generation of reactive oxygen species was significantly increased after rotation. This may have a detrimental effect on sperm function during assisted reproduction.
Humans↗
Prevalence of human papilloma virus in men attending the infertility clinic.
Subclinical human papilloma virus is a potential carcinogen in the male and female genital tract. The sexually active male infertility population represents a high risk group for harbouring this disease. To determine the prevalence of subclinical human papillomavirus in this group, penoscopy was done on 96 male patients visiting the infertility clinic. The feasibility of routine penoscopy as part of the infertility work-up was also investigated. Of the 96 patients 20 had aceto-white lesions on their penises with penoscopy. Thirteen patients (13.5%), 12 proven by biopsy of the aceto-white lesions, and one proven by fluid in situ hybridization on superficial epithelial cells of the distal urethra, were positive for human papillomavirus. Two of the 12 biopsy-positive cases were also proven positive by fluid in situ hybridization. It was concluded that human papillomavirus had a high prevalence amongst asymptomatic male patients attending the infertility clinic and that penoscopy should be included as routine investigation in the work-up of the male infertility patient.
Adult↗