Biomedical subjects

M S Curren

Publications and source records attributed to M S Curren.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Solubility of triazine pesticides in pure and modified subcritical water.

Solubility measurements in pure and modified water serve as a basis for optimizing the subcritical water extraction of target analytes such as food contaminants. The solvent strength of the water is affected by both the system's temperature and the amount and type of cosolvent modifier that is added to the water, which causes a reduction in the dielectric constant of water. In the present work, the solubilities of the triazine pesticides atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine were measured in pure and modified water at temperatures ranging from 50 to 125 degrees C and at a pressure of 50 atm. The solubility data were obtained using a static solubility apparatus with on-line liquid chromatographic (LC) detection. By increasing the temperature of the water, the solubilities of the triazine pesticides increased approximately 3-fold in pure water for each 25 degrees C temperature increment. Cyanazine was 5 times more soluble than atrazine and an order of magnitude more soluble than simazine at 100 degrees C. The solubility of atrazine was also measured in ambient and hot water modified with ethanol and urea. At 100 degrees C, the solubility of atrazine is doubled when the water is modified with urea, and is increased over an order of magnitude when ethanol is used as modifier. The data, therefore, indicate that adding a cosolvent to water in addition to increasing the system temperature increases the solubilities of triazine pesticides in subcritical water. It was further determined that the solutes do not thermally degrade or hydrolyze at the temperatures reported in this study.

Atrazine↗

PubMed2001

Ethanol-modified subcritical water extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction for determining atrazine in beef kidney.

The determination of the levels of pesticides in food products has prompted the development of sensitive and rapid methods of analysis that are solvent-free or utilize solvents that are benign to the environment and laboratory worker. In this study we have developed a novel extraction method that utilizes ethanol-modified subcritical water in combination with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the removal of atrazine from beef kidney. In situ sample cleanup was achieved using the technique of matrix solid-phase dispersion. A cross-linked polymer, XAD-7 HP, was utilized as a dispersing material for kidney samples. Subcritical water extractions were performed with a pressurized solvent extraction unit at 100 degrees C and 50 atm. Experimental parameters investigated were the volume of solvent and amount of modifier required for the complete extraction of atrazine and optimization of the extraction time. It was determined that 30% ethanol in water (v/v) is adequate for the complete extraction of atrazine. A Carbowax-divinylbenzene SPME fiber was used to sample the aqueous extracts. Analysis of the fiber contents was by ion-trap GC/MS utilizing the single ion mode. The total time of analysis for a single kidney sample is 90 min. The average percent recoveries from samples spiked to the concentrations of 2 and 0.2 microg/g were 104 and 111, respectively. The average relative standard deviations were 10 and 9, respectively. The method limit of detection for beef kidney spiked with atrazine was found to be 20 ng/g of sample.

Animals↗