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Biomedical subjects

M S Duggal

Publications and source records attributed to M S Duggal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Enamel demineralization in situ with various frequencies of carbohydrate consumption with and without fluoride toothpaste.

There is little information in the literature on the relationship among the frequency of carbohydrate consumption, the use of fluoride toothpaste, and enamel demineralization. The aim of this investigation was to compare the extent of demineralization of enamel slabs in situ, with a sugar-based solution, consumed in constant amounts but with various frequencies in subjects both with and without the use of fluoride (F) toothpaste. Eight subjects wore removable mandibular appliances carrying an enamel slab cut from white-spot lesions. The subjects were required to drink 500 mL of a 120-gm/L sugar solution either once, 3, 5, 7, or 10 times/day for 30 sec on each occasion, for a period of 5 days while brushing their teeth twice daily with either a F (1450 ppm NaF) or a F-free toothpaste. Mineral analysis revealed that when the subjects used a F toothpaste, net demineralization was evident only with the seven- and 10-times/day regime (ns). When F-free toothpaste was used, statistically significant demineralization was observed when the frequency exceeded 3 times/day. This study demonstrates the importance of F-containing toothpaste in enamel re-/demineralization by varying the frequency of carbohydrate challenge

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect on plaque pH of fruit drinks with reduced carbohydrate content.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the acidogenic response in dental plaque after challenge with four fruit drinks, including two blackcurrant drinks newly formulated, with low levels of carbohydrate. METHODS: 24 adult volunteers rinsed, in randomised order, with each of two new formulations of a blackcurrant drink (7% juice with 0.49% and 10% juice with 0.65% carbohydrate concentration respectively), an apple and blackcurrant drink with no added sugar (0.8%), and a mixed citrus fruit drink with a higher carbohydrate concentration (4.5% w/v). Solutions of 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol were used as controls. Plaque pH was assessed, in vivo, before and after the acidogenic challenge using the plaque-harvesting technique. RESULTS: Results showed that the minimum plaque pH after the subjects rinsed with the new blackcurrant drinks was higher as compared with all the other test products and significantly so compared with the mixed citrus drink (P = 0.0001). It was also found that with the 7% blackcurrant juice drink none of the subjects and with 10% blackcurrant juice drink only one subject recorded a pH drop below the pH of 5.7. Ten minutes after consumption, both the new formulation blackcurrant drinks produced significantly higher plaque pH than the mixed citrus drink. In addition, overall change in the hydrogen ion concentration over the study period (sigma delta cH) was significantly less with both new blackcurrant drinks compared with the mixed citrus drink. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the two new formulations with low levels of carbohydrate had a low acidogenic potential and did not depress the plaque pH below the critical level and their consumption could not be considered to pose a significant risk for enamel demineralisation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Dental parameters in the long-term survivors of childhood cancer compared with siblings.

There have been a number of reports on the dental health of long-term survivors (LTS) of childhood malignancy as compared with normal controls. However, it is usually difficult to identify a meaningful control population as most of these patients are from widely differing geographical areas and socio-economic status. The aim of this investigation was, therefore, to study the dental health of LTS compared with siblings. 46 LTS who had siblings of a similar age were identified for the study. Both groups were examined for dental caries, gingivitis and enamel defects. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean DMFS of the test and control groups. However, the LTS had a significantly (P = 0.006) higher number of decayed surfaces (1.50 +/- 0.30) as compared with their siblings (0.50 +/- 0.20). The LTS also had a significantly higher prevalence of severe gingivitis (1.11 +/- 0.33) compared with controls (0.02 +/- 0.02). There was a significantly higher prevalence of all types of enamel defects in the LTS and fewer teeth with no enamel defect as compared with their siblings, with the mean values being 15.7 +/- 0.9 and 25.3 +/- 0.3, respectively. It was concluded that there was a higher prevalence of untreated dental disease and developmental defects in long-term survivors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The effect of different methods of drinking on the pH of dental plaque in vivo.

The effect on the pH of human dental plaque of rinsing and drinking with or without a straw was investigated in eight volunteers using the plaque sampling method. A fruit-based juice was used as the test drink with 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol solutions serving as positive and negative controls, respectively. The maximum mean plaque pH drop (+/- SD) when a fruit juice was consumed with a straw (0.82 +/- 0.27) was significantly less (P < 0.05) as compared to when it was consumed straight from a cup without a straw (1.14 +/- 0.25) and when it was used as a rinse (1.25 +/- 0.21). Also, the minimum plaque pH reached after challenge was significantly lower (P < 0.0005) when the subjects rinsed before swallowing (5.22 +/- 0.13) as compared with drinking with a straw (5.92 +/- 0.39) or without (5.64 +/- 0.2). The area under the plaque pH curve was also found to be significantly less when a straw was used (1.81 +/- 0.71) as compared with drinking without (2.72 +/- 0.93). Drinking with a straw therefore resulted in a less pronounced pH drop and hence might reduce the demineralizing effect on the teeth of various potentially cariogenic drinks.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The effect of different etching times on the retention of fissure sealants in second primary and first permanent molars.

This study investigated the effect of different etching times on the retention of fissure sealants in second primary and first permanent molars. Eighty-four children with a total of 144 second primary molars and 264 first molars were included in the study. Etching times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 seconds were used. The fissure sealants were evaluated at 6 and 12 months. The results showed that the overall retention rate of fissure sealants in second primary molars was 73.0% at 6 months and 64.7% at 12 months, whereas in first permanent molars the retention rates were 60.7% at 6 months and 44.1% at 12 months respectively. There was no significant difference in the retention of fissure sealants either on second primary molars or on first permanent molars at a 6- and 12-month follow-up with the different etching times. It was concluded that the different etching times did not appear to affect the retention of fissure sealants on the first permanent molars or second primary molars. It might therefore be prudent to etch the teeth for a much shorter period than conventionally recommended.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

The acidogenic potential of herbal baby drinks.

The acidogenic potential of a range of commonly available herbal baby drinks was assessed on the basis of their ability to depress plaque pH in vivo in 10 adult volunteers using the plaque harvesting technique. In addition the pH and inherent acidity of each drink was also analysed in vitro. Solutions of 10% sucrose was used as a positive control and full fat milk served as a negative control as it has traditionally been recommended as a safe drink. Three of the six test drinks had a low pH though most had a low titratable acidity. All drinks, except herbal tea, on rising led to a significant drop in the plaque pH to near critical pH value of 5.5. Most drinks were also more acidogenic than milk and some behaved essentially similar to a 10% sucrose solution. The area under the curve below the resting pH was highest for apple and raspberry herbal drink (20.51 +/- 3.66) and was the least for herbal tea (0.00) compared with the 10% sucrose control (22.01 +/- 2.87) and milk (0.07 +/- 0.14). It was concluded that most herbal drinks tested, especially those with added fruit, can lead to a significant acid production in the plaque and therefore have a potential to cause demineralisation of the enamel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The dental management of children with sickle cell disease and beta-thalassaemia: a review.

This paper reviews two groups of haemoglobinopathies: sickle cell disorders and beta-thalassaemias. The medical aspects and dental management of children with these conditions are discussed. These conditions are rare in the white indigenous population of the UK but affect a sizeable proportion of the minority ethnic community. Dentists need to be aware of the medical implications for patients who have these disorders and should co-ordinate their dental care accordingly.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the plaque pH response to an acidogenic challenge in children and adults.

This study investigated differences in the response of dental plaque pH after a carbohydrate challenge in children and adults. A 10% (w/v) sucrose solution and a blackcurrant drink containing 7% carbohydrate (w/v) were assessed for their ability to depress plaque pH in vivo in 10 adults aged between 16 and 35 years and 10 children aged between 4 and 6 years using the plaque harvesting technique. The results showed that the plaque pH response was significantly less acidic in children. The maximum pH drop and area under the curve below pH 6.0 (+/- SD) with sucrose was: children 1.10 +/- 0.35 and 0.98 +/- 0.31 and adults 1.43 +/- 0.24 and 6.25 +/- 2.10, respectively. The plaque pH also stayed below pH 6.0 for a longer period in adults. Similar results were obtained for the blackcurrant drink where the responses were lower than with 10% sucrose. When the acidogenic potential index (API) for the blackcurrant drink was calculated based on the data from the adult volunteers, it was twice as high as compared with the API score calculated from the data from children. It was concluded that the as plaque pH responses were significantly less acidic in children as compared with adults, acidogenicity studies of children's foods and drinks should be carried out in children rather than adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of addition of 0.103% citrate to a blackcurrant drink on plaque pH in vivo.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the addition of a small amount of citrate to infant fruit drinks resulted in a similar beneficial effect to that reported recently with 10% sucrose solution. A popular blackcurrant drink was tested with and without added 0.103% citrate by measuring its ability to depress plaque pH in 20 adult subjects using the plaque-harvesting technique. Solutions of 10% sucrose and 10% sorbitol were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results showed that the blackcurrant drink with added citrate had a significantly weaker plaque pH response as compared with the blackcurrant drink without added citrate and 10% sucrose (positive control). The mean areas enclosed by the pH curve below pH 6.0 (+/- SD) were 10% sorbitol (negative control) 0.00, blackcurrant with 0.103% citrate 1.85 +/- 1.07, plain blackcurrant 4.65 +/- 2.11, and 10% sucrose 6.25 +/- 2.35. The acidogenic potential of the blackcurrant drink with added citrate was less than half as compared with the plain blackcurrant drink. It was concluded that the addition of relatively low levels of citrate to a blackcurrant drink reduces the acidogenic response in plaque.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Replantation in general dental practice.

This paper presents a comparison of the outcome of two cases where teeth, avulsed in sporting accidents, were replanted in general dental practice and have been reviewed for 5 years. Avulsed teeth which were stored dry, had a long extra-alveolar period and were splinted for a longer period of time, ultimately underwent replacement root resorption (case 1). There was no evidence of resorption, after 5 years, in the tooth that was stored in the patient's own saliva and was replanted within 45 minutes of being avulsed (case 2). The replantation procedure for these two cases was based on recent literature, which is also reviewed in this paper, and a protocol for the management of avulsed teeth is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Changes in the oral health of children during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Thirty children diagnosed as suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were followed up for between 6 months and 1 year during their treatment for the disease. Dental examinations were carried out at approximately monthly intervals for caries, gingival condition, plaque and calculus. The results showed a significant deterioration in gingival condition, but there were no significant changes in the amounts of plaque and calculus. No new carious lesions developed in any of the children's teeth during the study period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Replantation of avulsed permanent teeth with avital periodontal ligaments: case report.

Five maxillary anterior teeth lost during a grand mal epileptic seizure, were replanted using the technique recently described by Andreasen (1), after an extra-alveolar period of more than 72 h. The teeth were replanted surgically, 10 days after being avulsed, after they had been immersed in a 2.4% sodium fluoride solution and root filled with gutta-percha. Ankylosis was evident 3 months post-operatively. After 24 months there was evidence of considerable replacement resorption on the lateral incisors with little evidence of resorption on the other replanted teeth. Even though the long term prognosis is uncertain, this technique has an advantage of seeing the patient through the period of growth as well as maintaining the height of alveolar bone making possible the provision of an aesthetically acceptable prosthesis at a later age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of a calcium carbonate-based toothpaste with 0.3% triclosan on pH changes in dental plaque in vivo.

The effects of a calcium carbonate-based toothpaste with added 0.3% triclosan on the pH of human dental plaque after a cariogenic challenge with 10% sucrose solution was investigated against a calcium carbonate-based toothpaste without triclosan and an alumina-based toothpaste. A silica-based toothpaste served as a control. Twenty adult volunteers were included in this study. The results showed that the plaque pH drop and the area under the curve for both calcium carbonate-based toothpastes, with and without 0.3% triclosan, were significantly less as compared with the alumina-based toothpaste, with both parameters being least for the toothpaste with added 0.3% triclosan. Calcium carbonate has been shown in previous studies to have a buffering effect on the plaque pH after an acidogenic challenge. The addition of 0.3% triclosan to the calcium carbonate-based toothpaste seemed to enhance this effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Mandibular infected buccal cyst or a paradental cyst?: Report of a case.

The mandibular infected buccal cyst occurs on the buccal and distal aspects of the roots of the partially or newly erupted first permanent molar. It typically affects children between the ages of 6 to 10 years and the associated first permanent molar is vital. The cyst is lined with a non-keratinised squamous epithelium with inflammatory cell infiltrate in the connective tissue. Most clinical and histological features are similar to those reported for paradental cysts.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Changes in the oral microflora during cytotoxic chemotherapy in children being treated for acute leukemia.

Thirty-four children with diagnosed cases of acute leukemias and being treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy at St James' Hospital, Leeds, were followed for between 6 months and 1 year to determine the changes in their oral microflora. They were examined before treatment commenced and then at monthly intervals. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity to test for the presence or absence of bacteria and Candida. Saliva samples were also used to assess the levels of Streptococcus mutans in the mouth. Sensitivity tests were carried out to assess the effect of the cytotoxic agents on the oral flora. All children received prophylactic nystatin and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinses four times daily for the whole period of the study. There was significant difference (p < 0.0001) for counts of S. mutans at different treatment stages. Sensitivity tests showed that S. mutans was sensitive to the cytotoxic drug daunorubicin, and this drug was probably responsible for the fall in S. mutans counts. A significant difference was also found in the types of bacteria isolated between the study and reference groups, but there was no change in the composition of the flora in the study group during treatment. These bacteria were also found to mirror those cultured from routine blood samples in children with acute leukemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The effect of different concentrations of citrate in drinks on plaque pH.

The effect of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% citrate in 10% sucrose solutions on the plaque pH in vivo was tested in 20 volunteers using the plaque harvesting technique. Results showed that the pH response for the three test solutions with citrate was significantly less compared with that for 10% sucrose (positive control) alone (p < 0.05). Mean areas under the pH curve were: sorbitol (negative control) 0.02, citrate 0.2% 5.30, citrate 0.4% 6.24, citrate 0.1% 6.94 and 10% 12.69. The cariogenic potential index of all the citrate test drinks was almost half compared with a 10% sucrose solution (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the addition of relatively low levels of citrate in a sucrose solution reduces the acidogenic response in the plaque.

Adolescent↗