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Biomedical subjects

M S Gerrity

Publications and source records attributed to M S Gerrity.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Written case simulations: do they predict physicians' behavior?

Written case simulations are often used to investigate physicians' decision making and clinical competence. Their use rests on the assumption that physicians' responses to written simulations closely agree with their responses to actual clinical encounters, yet this assumption of criterion validity has received little attention. To determine the ability of written case simulations to predict actual clinical behavior, we applied methodologic criteria to published articles that used written simulations. Only 11 (15%) of 74 articles included an assessment of the criterion validity of their written case simulations. Only 2 of those 11 studies were designed and executed in such a way that criterion validity could be fully interpreted. No clear consensus emerged from an examination on the 11 studies on how well responses to written case simulations perform as proxy measures of actual behavior. More work is needed before assuming that written case simulations measure actual behavior.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1990

Physicians' reactions to uncertainty in patient care. A new measure and new insights.

Although variations in physicians' practice patterns and use of resources are well documented, the reasons for these variations are less well understood. The uncertainty inherent in patient care may be one explanation. Existing measures of intolerance to uncertainty, developed in contexts outside of patient care, fail to explain these variations. To address this limitation, the Physicians' Reactions to Uncertainty scale was developed. A questionnaire containing an initial pool of 61 items was mailed to a random sample of 700 physicians in North Carolina and Oregon, stratified by specialty. The items covered nine areas of physicians' reactions to uncertainty derived from interviews with physicians and a definition of the concept affective reactions to uncertainity in patient care. Factor analysis of the 428 responses received yielded two primary factors that accounted for 58% of the common variance among the 61 items. Items with unambiguous loadings on these factors defined two reliable and readily interpretable subscales: Stress from Uncertainty (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90, 13 items) and Reluctance to Disclose Uncertainty to Others (alpha = 0.75, 9 items). By virtue of its clarity and good psychometric properties, this new measure promises insights into the role that uncertainty plays in physicians' resource utilization and practice patterns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of patient, family, and physician assessments of the value of medical intensive care.

Medical ethics suggest that physicians incorporate patient preferences when making life-sustaining treatment decisions. This study therefore examines how closely physicians' assessments of the usefulness of intensive care agree with their patients' willingness to receive intensive care. Former intensive care patients, at least 55 yr old (or family members of nonsurviving patients), and their physicians were interviewed (n = 76 pairs of interviews) to determine how valuable each believe intensive care would be to the patient (on a scale of 0 to 100%) under actual and ideal life circumstances. Little correlation was found between individual patient or family member and physician responses (Kendall's Tau ranged from -.14 to .22 depending on how long life was prolonged). Physicians' evaluations of intensive care for patients under ideal life circumstances were strongly correlated with physicians' personal preferences for intensive care (Kendall's Tau, .41 to .65, p less than .02). Because physicians and patients may not agree regarding the value of intensive care, physicians must explicitly discuss patients' preferences in order to reconcile wishes and justifiable needs for critical care.

Aged↗