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Biomedical subjects

M S Islam

Publications and source records attributed to M S Islam.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Intravitreal triamcinolone will cause posterior subcapsular cataract in most eyes with diabetic maculopathy within 2 years.

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of cataract following intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) for diabetic macular oedema. METHODS: Prospective, non-randomised, interventional cohort case series. A total of 27 eyes of 27 patients with diabetic macular oedema received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg (0.1 ml) of triamcinolone acetonide inferotemporally through the pars plana under direct vision. In 20 patients the fellow eye served as control, whereas seven patients had both eyes injected (not simultaneously). Seven patients had a repeat (second) injection in the same eye. The main outcome measures were cataract and intraocular pressure (IOP) rise of at least 5 mmHg (IOP responder). RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 18.9 months (range 13-29 months). A total of 22 (81%) of 27 eyes developed cataract during the follow-up period, of which 20 (74%) were posterior subcapsular in nature. None of the 20 uninjected fellow eyes developed posterior subcapsular cataract. Mean time to cataract formation was 16.2 months. In the seven patients who had both eyes injected, mean time to cataract formation was 16.5 and 17.1 months in the first and second eye, respectively. Mean time to cataract formation in seven eyes receiving a repeat second injection was 17.9 months. There was no significant difference in cataract formation between IOP responders (85%) and non-responders (79%) (P=1.00, Fisher's exact test). Uneventful cataract surgery was performed in six eyes of five patients. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that given appropriate long-term follow-up, the majority of patients, even after a single IVTA injection, will go on to develop cataract, of which posterior subcapsular will be by far the most common.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism is associated with coronary stenosis but not with the occurrence of acute or old myocardial infarctions.

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis is considered to be a chronic inflammatory disease. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), a key mediator in activating inflammatory cascade, has an A-to-G functional polymorphism that changes aspartic acid to glycine at position 299. TLR-4 is activated by, for example, lipopolysaccharides. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of a common Asp299Gly polymorphism of the TLR-4 gene in atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised autopsy material from 657 men (the Helsinki Sudden Death Study; mean age 53, range 33-70 years). RESULTS: Fewer G-allele carriers had 3-vessel coronary artery disease compared with AA homozygotes (OR 0.32; 95 % CI, 0.12-0.88, p = 0.027), and they also had a lower mean value for maximal coronary stenosis (p = 0.019). TLR-4 polymorphism was not significantly associated with the occurrence of acute or old myocardial infarction (MI). CONCLUSIONS: The G allele of the TLR-4 gene, which is associated with a lower inflammation response, was associated with a lower risk of coronary stenosis but not with the occurrence of MI and hence is not a major factor in the development of coronary atherosclerosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Chemotaxis between Vibrio cholerae O1 and a blue-green alga, Anabaena sp.

The chemotactic response of Vibrio cholerae O1 towards the mucilaginous sheath of Anabaena sp. was investigated by capillary tube method using a virulent strain of V. cholerae O1, El Tor, Ogawa (3083-T) and its isogenic mutant (HAP-1-T) that lacks the hap gene, which codes for mucinase (HA/protease). Homogenates of Anabaena sp. and purified mucin were used in this study as chemoattractants. Results showed 5.7% bacterial accumulation of wild-type V. cholerae O1 towards 4% homogenates of Anabaena sp. whereas, its mutant (hap-) showed 2.9% accumulation after 90 min. The higher percentage of attraction of wild-type V. cholerae O1 than the mutant (hap-) towards mucin and the homogenates of Anabaena sp. might be due to the activity of mucinase. These results indicate the role of mucinase in the chemotactic motility of V. cholerae O1 towards Anabaena sp.

Anabaena↗
PubMed2005

Improved visual acuity and macular thickness 1 week after intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular oedema.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and volumetric improvement 1 week after an injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in eyes with diabetic macular oedema. METHODS: Seven phakic eyes of seven diabetic patients diagnosed with clinically significant macular oedema were treated with a single 4-mg intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (0.1 ml). LogMAR best corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), best corrected reading ability (RA), and central macular thickness (CMT) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) were assessed prior and 1 week subsequent to treatment. RESULTS: Mean improvement in logMAR BCVA was 0.146 (P=0.03). Mean reduction in CMT was 150.9 mum (P=0.02, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Mean improvement in RA was 3 lines. CONCLUSION: Reduction in macular oedema was demonstrated on OCT at 1 week, in most cases associated with improvement in central visual function, in particular, reading ability. Total resolution of diabetic macular oedema may occur at 1 week following intravitreal steroid injection.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Vaccination coverage survey in Dhaka District.

A survey was conducted in Dhaka District to measure the level of routine immunization coverage of children (12-23 months), to assess the tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization coverage among mothers of children (12-23 month), to evaluate EPI program continuity (dropout rates) and quality (percent of Invalid doses, vaccination card availability etc.) For this purpose, a thirty cluster cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2002 to assess the immunization coverage in Dhaka. In this survey 30 clusters were randomly selected from a list of villages in 63 Unions of Dhaka following probability proportion to size (PPS) sampling procedure. A total of 210 children was studied using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was employed using software SPSS package for data analysis. The study showed that the routine immunization coverage in Dhaka among children by 12 months of age by card + history was 97% for BCG, 97% for Diphtheria, Pertussis Tetanus (DPT 1) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV 1), 75% for DPT3 and OPV3 and 67% for measles. Sixty six percent of all children surveyed had received valid doses of all vaccines by 12 months (fully immunized child). Programme access as measured by crude DPT1 coverage was better in Keranigonj (97%). Vaccination cards retention rate for children was 84%. Invalid DPT (1,2 or 3) doses were given to 25% of vaccinated children; 18% of measles doses were invalid. Surprisingly, major cause for invalid doses were not due to early immunizations or due to card lost but for giving tick in the card, instead of writing a valid date. DPT1 and DPT3 and DPT1- Measles drop out rates were 5% and 13% respectively. Major reason parents gave for never vaccinating their children (zero dose children) was (43%), major reasons for incomplete vaccination was lack of knowledge regarding subsequent doses (46%). TT surveys were also conducted for mothers of the children surveyed for vaccination coverage (mothers between 15-49 year old). Valid TT 1-5 coverage by card+ history was 97%, 55%, 44%, 24% and 11%, respectively. Card retention rate for TT was 67%. The findings of this study revealed that access to child and TT immunizations were good. But high dropouts and invalid doses reduced these percentages of fully immunized child to 66%. Programmatic strategy must be undertaken to reduce the existing high dropout rate in both child and TT immunizations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Doping strategies to optimise the oxide ion conductivity in apatite-type ionic conductors.

The apatite-type phases, La(9.33+x)(Si/Ge)(6)O(26+3x/2), have recently been attracting considerable interest as potential electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. In this paper we report results from a range of doping studies in the Si based systems, aimed at determining the key features required for the optimisation of the conductivities. Systems examined have included alkaline earth doping on the rare earth site, and P, B, Ga, V doping on the Si site. By suitable doping strategies, factors such as the level of cation vacancies and oxygen excess have been investigated. The results show that the oxide ion conductivities of these apatite systems are maximised by the incorporation of either oxygen excess or cation vacancies, with the former producing the best oxide ion conductors. In terms of samples containing cation vacancies, conductivities are enhanced by doping lower valent ions, Ga, B, on the Si site. The presence of higher valent ions on these sites, e.g. P, appears to inhibit the incorporation of excess oxygen within the channels, and so limits the maximum conductivity that can be obtained. Overall the results suggest that the tetrahedral sites play a key role in the conduction properties of these materials, supporting recent modelling studies, which have suggested that these tetrahedra aid in the motion of the oxide ions down the conduction channels by co-operative displacements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Successful staged treatment for ruptured blister-like dissecting aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery: acute GDC embolization for the blister-like aneurysm followed by proximal occlusion with extracranial-intracranial bypass in the chronic stage.

The surgical treatment of ruptured blister-like dissecting aneurysm on the internal carotid artery (ICA) is still controversial. We report a case of this disease successfully managed by a staged treatment: GDC packing into the blister-like aneurysm in the acute stage followed by proximal occlusion in the chronic stage. The merit of this staged treatment is to prevent rerupture in the acute stage and to allow the proximal occlusion in the chronic stage with or without an extracranial-intracranial bypass, after assessment of tolerance of the ICA occlusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Wastewater-grown duckweed may be safely used as fish feed.

Duckweed has been used for the treatment of wastewater and as fish feed. A comparative study was carried out to determine (i) the efficacy of duckweed in treating hospital-based wastewater and (ii) the level of the microbial contamination of fish fed on wastewater-grown duckweed. There were two groups of ponds where fish farming was done. In one group of ponds (control ponds), duckweed that was grown using artificial fertilizer was used as fish feed; in another group (study ponds), wastewater-grown duckweed was used as fish feed. The faecal contamination of water, duckweed, and fish from study and control ponds were monitored by faecal coliform estimation. The presence of enteric pathogens among handlers, water, duckweed, and fish samples was also examined. It was observed that the faecal coliform counts of raw wastewater were 4.7 Log10 CFU/mL, which was reduced to <1 Log10 CFU/mL after treating with duckweed. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in faecal coliform counts in water collected from duckweed ponds and fish ponds of study and control areas. The wastewater-grown duckweed did not pose any health hazard to the handlers. These results demonstrated that the wastewater-treated duckweed may be safely used as fish feed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Role of cyanobacteria in the persistence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in saline microcosms.

Recently, a new strain of cholera, Vibrio cholerae O139, has emerged as an epidemic strain, but there is little information about its environmental reservoir. The present investigation was aimed to determine the role of cyanobacteria in the persistence of V. cholerae O139 in microcosms. An environmental isolate of V. cholerae O139 and three cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp., and Hapalosiphon sp.) were used in this study. Survival of culturable V. cholerae O139 in microcosms was monitored using taurocholate-tellurite gelatin agar medium. Viable but nonculturable V. cholerae O139 were detected using a fluorescent antibody technique. Vibrio cholerae O139 could be isolated for up to 12 days in a culturable form in association with cyanobacteria but could not be isolated in the culturable form after 2 days from control water without cyanobacteria. The viable but nonculturable V. cholerae O139 could be detected in association with cyanobacteria for up to 15 months. These results, therefore, suggest that cyanobacteria can act as a long-term reservoir of V. cholerae O139 in an aquatic environment.

Anabaena↗
PubMed2004

Determination of volatile organic compounds in river water by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method is described employing solid-phase extraction (SPE) using dichloromethane followed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) for determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) from the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. The method was applied to detect the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and cumene (BTEXC) in the sample collected from the surface or 15 cm depth of water. Two-hundred ml of n-hexane-pretreated and filtered water samples were applied directly to a C18 SPE column. BTEXC were extracted with dichloromethane and average concentrations were obtained as 0.104 to 0.372 microg/ml. The highest concentration of benzene was found as 0.372 microg/ml with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.2%, and cumene was not detected. Factors influencing SPE e.g., adsorbent types, sample load volume, eluting solvent, headspace and temperatures, were investigated. A cartridge containing a C18 adsorbent and using dichloromethane gave better performance for extraction of BTEXC from water. Average recoveries exceeding 90% could be achieved for cumene at 4 degrees C with a 2.7% RSD.

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical↗
PubMed2004

Bilateral giant angiomyolipoma of kidneys: a case report and review of literature.

Angiomyolipoma is uncommon benign tumor of the kidney. Bilateral and multiple lesions are associated with tuberous sclerosis. We report a case with bilateral giant angiomyolipomas in a patient who had no other features of tuberous sclerosis. In this case, the involvement of the kidneys was diffuse rather than usual well-circumscribed lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity Rumex maritimus root.

The partitioned n-hexane, ethylacetate and residual methanol extracts of the root of Rumex maritimus were evaluated for antidiarrhoeal activity in mice using castor oil and serotonin induced diarrhoea and also charcoal motility test at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight dose. Among these, the methanol extract most significantly prolonged the time for induction of diarrhoea, reduced the frequency of diarrhoeal episodes and also decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of neuropharmacological effects of Rumex maritimus Linn. (Polygonaceae) root extracts.

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the root of Rumex maritimus Linn. (Polygonaceae) were evaluated for neuropharmacological activities in different models. All the extracts significantly and dose dependently inhibited acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions in mice. The hexane and methanol extract exhibited significant central analgesic activity in the radiant heat method. Only the methanol extract showed statistically significant mild to moderate central nervous system depressant activity assessed by hole cross, open field and hole board test in the mice model.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Involvement of the hap gene (mucinase) in the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1 in association with the blue-green alga, Anabaena sp.

Mucinase is a soluble haemagglutinin protease, which may be important for the survival of Vibrio cholerae in association with mucilaginous blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). A comparative survival study was carried out with an Anabaena sp. and a wild-type V. cholerae O1 strain hap+ gene (haemagglutinin-protease), together with its isogenic mutant hap (hap-deleted gene). A simple spread plate technique was followed to count culturable V. cholerae O1 on taurocholate tellurite gelatin agar plate. The fluorescent antibody technique of Kogure et al. (1979) was used for the microscopical viable count of V. cholerae O1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization were carried out to detect a lower number of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) V. cholerae O1 from the laboratory-based experiments. The wild and mutant V. cholerae O1 strains survived in culturable form for 22 and 10 days. respectively, in association with the Anabaena sp., with the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). The fluorescent antibody technique, PCR, and hybridization results also showed that the wild strain survived better in the VBNC state than did the mutant VBNC strain in association with an Anabaena sp. These results indicate that the enzyme mucinase may play an important role in the association and long-term survival of V. cholerae O1 with a mucilaginous blue-green alga, Anabaena sp.

Anabaena↗
PubMed2001

Production of safe therapeutic feeds from contaminated water supplies.

We have assessed the effectiveness of using an osmotic sachet for safe rehydration of therapeutic milk from contaminated water supplies in a poor urban area of Bangladesh. 35 women were given sachets to hydrate in their homes and comparison of the hydration water and the reconstituted milk showed that the high bacterial contamination reported in the domestic water supply was removed by use of the sachet. The mean rehydration time was 4.5 h (range 3.4-5.5). This rehydration method could have a role in the preparation of therapeutic feeds where microbiological contamination of the environment is a serious problem and availability of adequate water is not a limiting factor.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum amplifies the Ca2+ signal mediated by activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells.

Stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic beta-cells involves membrane depolarization and Ca(2+) entry through voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels, which is one determinant of increases in the cytoplasmic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). We investigated how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated Ca(2+) apparatus further modifies this Ca(2+) signal. When fura-2-loaded mouse beta-cells were depolarized by KCl in the presence of 3 mm glucose, [Ca(2+)](i) increased to a peak in two phases. The second phase of the [Ca(2+)](i) increase was abolished when ER Ca(2+) stores were depleted by thapsigargin. The steady-state [Ca(2+)](i) measured at 300 s of depolarization was higher in control cells compared with cells in which the ER Ca(2+) pools were depleted. The amount of Ca(2+) presented to the cytoplasm during depolarization as estimated from the integral of the increment in [Ca(2+)](i) over time (integralDelta[Ca(2+)](i).dt) was approximately 30% higher compared with that in the Ca(2+) pool-depleted cells. neo-thapsigargin, an inactive analog, did not affect [Ca(2+)](i) response. Using Sr(2+) in the extracellular medium and exploiting the differences in the fluorescence properties of Ca(2+)- and Sr(2+)-bound fluo-3, we found that the incoming Sr(2+) triggered Ca(2+) release from the ER. Depolarization-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response was not altered by, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, suggesting that stimulation of the enzyme by Ca(2+) is not essential for amplification of Ca(2+) signaling. [Ca(2+)](i) response was enhanced when cells were depolarized in the presence of 3 mm glucose, forskolin, and caffeine, suggesting involvement of ryanodine receptors in the amplification process. Pretreatment with ryanodine (100 microm) diminished the second phase of the depolarization-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i). We conclude that Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels triggers Ca(2+) release from the ER and that such a process amplifies depolarization-induced Ca(2+) signaling in beta-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Microbiological analysis of tube-well water in a rural area of Bangladesh.

Five tube-wells in Matlab, Bangladesh, were selected for analysis of selected biophysicochemical parameters. The results showed that all tube-well water samples contained zooplankton and bacteria. Results for some of the parameters were outside the accepted limits recommended by the World Health Organization for drinking water. It is concluded that water from tube-wells should be treated if used as drinking water.

Animals↗