Effects of amiloride and furosemide on histamine release from human leukocytes induced by anti-IgE antibody.
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Amiloride↗
Biomedical subjects
M S Kaplan
Publications and source records attributed to M S Kaplan.
The incidence of depressive symptomatology in juvenile sex offenders with a history of abuse.
Depressive symptomatology was assessed in a sample of 246 male juvenile sex offenders using the Beck Depression Inventory. Of these participants, the racial composition was black = 147, Hispanic = 62, Caucasian = 34. Three adolescents elected not to identify their racial origin. Subjects were divided according to their self-reports of having been sexually or physically abused. The mean Beck score across all subjects was 14.3, a value markedly higher than published norms and indicative of mild depression. Forty-two percent of subjects attained scores indicative of appreciable depressive symptomatology. A history of sexual or physical abuse was significantly related to high Beck scores; abused subjects had a mean Beck score of 16.4, as contrasted to 12.3 for nonabused subjects (Wilcoxon test: z = 2.82; p less than .005). This relationship was apparent across all racial groups. While Hispanic subjects tended to have higher Beck scores and Caucasians lower scores, racial differences were not statistically significant. Results indicate that juveniles who have committed sexual crimes, particularly those with a history of abuse, should be evaluated for depression.
Adolescent↗
Silent myocardial ischemia during rehabilitation for cerebrovascular disease.
In asymptomatic patients the importance of silent ischemic ST-T wave changes on Holter monitoring is known to be a significant predictive variable for one-year mortality of postmyocardial infarction patients. This case report represents the uses of ambulatory ECG to detect ischemic ST changes in patients who have had recent strokes. The cases reported here of silent myocardiac ischemia in stroke patients reflect previous reports in which 70% of the ischemic episodes in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease are not associated with angina and in which approximately 10% to 15% of acute myocardial infarctions are silent. We now believe that the incidence of "silent" ischemia may be precipitated in poststroke patients during their rehabilitation program. This belief is supported by two main factors. First, a high level of personally relevant mental stress exists which activates the sympathoadrenal system, which may lead to myocardial ischemia. Second, some stroke patients become aphasic and are unable to communicate adequately even if they experience angina symptoms. We have found that poststroke, most patients could not undergo exercise treadmill testing secondary to a variety of factors: inability to coordinate limbs, poor endurance, inability to follow directions, and/or lack of attention. We now propose that 24-hour monitoring for ST-T wave changes poststroke should be considered as part of a vigorous investigation for myocardial ischemia during the rehabilitation of these patients because they have an increased risk of cardiac morbidity.
Aged↗
Adverse effects of acculturation: psychological distress among Mexican American young adults.
We examined the relationship between acculturation and psychological distress in young (20-30), middle aged (31-50), and older adult (51-74) Mexican Americans (n = 3084). The data were from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Acculturation was measured with items on spoken and written language and ethnic identification. Psychological distress was measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We found that as acculturation increased, distress significantly increased in young adults but tended to decrease in older adults. This general pattern held for males and females and was consistent for the CES-D total score and caseness rates. The effects of acculturation were independent of the effects of income and education. We discuss that alienation and discrimination may be two intervening events producing the psychological distress of the highly acculturated young adults. Further, our findings tentatively suggest a longitudinal process whereby acculturated younger Mexican Americans attempting to advance themselves economically and socially in the dominant society strip themselves of traditional resources and ethnically-based social support. Through the years, however, they may re-establish ties to their native culture which contributes to relatively positive mental health.
Acculturation↗
Brain injury obscured by chronic pain: a preliminary report.
Chronic pain patients and brain injured patients frequently exhibit anxiety, depression, perseveration, and fixed ideation about their injuries. Both populations also frequently suffer from decreased attention, impaired concentration, easy fatigability, personality changes, impaired relationships with family and friends, and difficulty maintaining a job. In cases where chronic pain coexists with traumatic brain injury, the brain injury is often obscured. Risk factors which should alert the medical team to possible coexisting brain injury include history of loss of consciousness at original injury, history of trauma to the head, whiplash injury to the neck, multisystem trauma, and admission of memory or attention deficits by the patient. When any of these risk factors are present, we have found that formal examination of cognitive function is required to explore the potential of coexisting brain injury; if pain is a prominent clinical feature, residual cognitive sequelae of mild brain injury is easily masked. Specific testing of attention, new learning ability, constructional ability, and higher cognitive functions are most helpful in this population, and they need to be included in the mental status examination when concomitant brain injury is suspected. In our study, seven patients were found to have undiagnosed brain injury in a series of 67 consecutive patient referrals to our pain rehabilitation program. Treatment failure is high in this subgroup of pain patients unless treatment is directed toward the sequelae of both brain injury and chronic pain.
Adult↗
Workplace drug testing as social control.
In this article, the emergence of employee drug screening is examined in the context of the historical development of the principle and practice of workplace surveillance. The authors trace the evolution of disciplinary and control systems from the early Industrial Revolution through the Scientific Management movement and its recent offshoots. Industrial medicine and industrial psychology are presented as elements of the "scientification" of surveillance. Drug testing and other contemporary surveillance technologies are placed in this context, and their cultural, political-economic, and moral underpinnings are examined. The dilemma posed by the need to address the real problem of drug abuse in the context of a social control paradigm is explored.
Efficiency↗
A report of cytomegalovirus cystitis and a review of other genitourinary manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
We report a case of symptomatic cytomegalovirus cystitis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome related complex. The diagnosis of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome was established by bladder biopsy. The hematuria resolved after systemic acyclovir therapy. The other known urological manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are discussed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Measuring the effectiveness of treatment for the aggressive adolescent sexual offender.
This paper has described a cognitive-behavioral outpatient treatment program for adolescent sexual offenders. The multicomponent treatment program consists of verbal satiation, cognitive restructuring, covert sensitization, social skills training, anger control training, sex education, and relapse prevention sessions. Data has been presented on 24 adolescents who completed treatment. Results indicated that adolescents involved with male victims significantly decreased deviant sexual arousal pre- and posttreatment, as measured by penile plethysmography. For those adolescents who molested female victims, a decrease in deviant arousal was also evidenced, although it was not statistically significant.
Adolescent↗
Plasticity after brain lesions: contemporary concepts.
Medical management of the patient with central nervous tissue injuries has many frontiers. We now realize that the concept of the adult mammalian brain as largely static is no longer tenable. Numerous studies show that experimental manipulations can lead to growth and plasticity in the adult brain. We have confirmed that growth and plasticity, including neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, can also occur throughout the animal's natural life. New approaches may soon be designed to repopulate injured nervous tissue with appropriate cells. Surgical neural tissue transplantation research is one direction. Another approach involves the inherent plasticity of the nervous system, including neurogenesis, which may be modulated by the rehabilitation plan (the environment) with a variety of possible pharmacological approaches.
Aging↗
Urologic manifestations of AIDS.
A retrospective analysis of 60 patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) seen between 1981-1985 was performed to determine the genitourinary manifestations of this disease. Twenty-two per cent were found to have significant proteinuria, while 7 per cent had nephrotic syndrome which was associated with an extremely rapid demise. Renal insufficiency occurred in 27 per cent and renal biopsy results, when abnormal, revealed focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Pyuria was found in 52 per cent of patients, and urinary tract infections occurred in 20 per cent. Atypical pathogens including Candida, Salmonella, Acinetobacter calcoaticus, and cytomegalovirus were encountered.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Population dynamics of adult-formed granule neurons of the rat olfactory bulb.
The population dynamics of internal granule cells in the rat olfactory bulb during adult life were analyzed in histological sections and in autoradiograms with (1) counts of granule cells, (2) counts of labeled granule cells 1 month after injection of 3H-thymidine at various ages, and (3) counts of labeled granule cells at varying survival times (up to 18 months) after injection at 3 months and 24 months. The total number of granule cells increases linearly throughout life, approximately doubling between 3 and 31 months. Autoradiographic studies show that the rate of production of new granule cells decreases from 3 to 12 months and then is approximately constant during the rest of the life span. The number of labeled cells found 6 months after injection at 3 and 24 months is about one-fourth and one-half, respectively, that of the number at a 1-month survival, suggesting that many of the cells produced to do not survive. However, at least some granule cells labeled at 3 months survive for 18 months. A model is suggested in which granule cells are produced continuously throughout life and control of the total number of granule cells is effected chiefly through the rate of cell death.
Age Factors↗
Formation and turnover of neurons in young and senescent animals: an electronmicroscopic and morphometric analysis.
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Aging↗
Neuronal proliferation in the 9-month-old rodent-radioautographic study of granule cells in the hippocampus.
Nine-month-old rats were injected with 5 microCi 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) and allowed to survive for 20 days. In light-microscopic radioautographs, labeled cells were found in the granule cell layer of the hippocampus. Analysis of electron micrographs of the labeled cells, taken from re-embedded 1.5 micron radioautographic sections, clearly demonstrated their neuronal nature with synapses along their cell bodies and dendrites. Our results indicate that 0.025% of the granule neurons are heavily labeled in the dorsal hippocampus. Electron microscopy of re-embedded light-microscopic radioautographic sections confirms that granule neurons in the rodent are newly formed up until 9 months after birth.
Aging↗
Immunoglobulin E to cow's-milk protein in breast-fed atopic children.
Over a 3-yr period, 18 children , ages 10 mo to 5 yr, were discovered to have IgE to cow's-milk protein (CMP). They were compared with 18 age-matched patients for having been primarily breast fed during the first 6 mo of life. All were new allergy clinic asthmatic patients with a strong family history of atopy and evidence of IgE to multiple allergens. Analysis of the data on this allergic population revealed that both a history of breast feeding and of milk-induced immediate reaction in patients with CMP-specific IgE was significantly higher (p is less than 0.03) than in those patients without IgE to CMP. Inadvertent sensitization to food antigens can occur in some atopic breast-fed infants.
Asthma↗
A quantitative assay for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat based on permeability of spinal cords to 125I-human gamma-globulin.
We have developed a quantitative assay for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the rat based on permeability of the spinal cord to 125I-human gamma-globulin (HGG). This assay is highly reproducible and eliminates many of the drawbacks of assaying for EAE on the basis of clinical and/or histologic criteria. Using the assay, we have shown a direct correlation between onset of histologic changes in the spinal cord and onset of permeability changes in the spinal cord. No rat without histologic lesions manifest permeability alterations, and all rats with histologic lesions did manifest increased permeability to 125I-HGG. Furthermore, strains of rats susceptible to EAE demonstrated permeability changes, whereas resistant rats did not. In addition, we demonstrated by permeability and histologic criteria that guinea pig myelin basic protein emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant is encephalitogenic in the Lewis rat. We also demonstrated that recipients of passive transfer of sensitized cells develop permeability changes along with histologic lesions. We conclude that measuring permeability to 125I-HGG in the spinal cords of rats is a valid assay for EAE, and its improves upon current indices of EAE in that it is readily quantifiable.
Animals↗
Neurogenesis in the adult rat: electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs.
Three-month-old rats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine (4.3 microcuries per gram of body weight) and allowed to survive for 30 days. Radioautography of 1-micrometer sections revealed labeled cells in the granular layers of dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb; these were confirmed as neurons by electron microscopy of reembedded 1-micrometer sections.
Age Factors↗
Guidelines for antibiotic usage.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Surgical management of toxic megacolon.
Toxic megacolon developed in ten of 220 patients (4.5%) admitted for chronic ulcerative colitis over the past 11 years. Nine of these patients came under the care of the Surgical Department. Only three of these 10 patients had previously been treated with steroids. Steroid therapy reversed the acute process in three patients (33%). All three patients later came to surgery. Toxic megacolon developed during the first episode of ulcerative colitis in seven of ten patients (70%). Three of the seven (43%) had perforated their colons prior to operation. Two patients died after a subtotal colectomy and one without operation. A delayed diagnosis was associated with sepsis in five patients (50%) and with all three deaths. Seven patients survived proctocolectomy. Prolonged medical management without dramatic response appeared to correlate with a high postoperative morbidity. This study supports the concept of aggressive diagnosis and early surgical intervention for toxic megacolon.
Acute Disease↗