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Biomedical subjects

M S Leib

Publications and source records attributed to M S Leib.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Using the World Wide Web to enhance the problem-solving skills of third-year veterinary students.

A Web site was created for the small animal problem-solving elective at Virginia Tech. In addition to signalment, history, physical examination findings, and results of routine laboratory tests, students were able to view images of cytologic and histologic specimens, radiographs, and endoscopic findings and hear examples of breath and cardiac sounds. Students commented that the availability of Web-based case materials allowed them increased opportunities to practice problem-solving skills.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of horizontal and vertical tracheotomy healing after short-duration tracheostomy in dogs.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess healing of horizontal and vertical tracheotomy after short-duration tracheostomy in dogs using clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, and histologic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Horizontal tracheotomy (n = 6) between the third and fourth tracheal rings or vertical tracheotomy (n = 6) across tracheal rings three through five was performed for airway management during laryngoplasty. Tracheostomy tubes were maintained for 6 hours with low-pressure cuff inflation time limited to the first 1.5 hours. Cervical radiographs and tracheoscopy were performed preoperatively and at postoperative weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12. Ten of the 12 dogs were killed 12 weeks after tracheostomy. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative and postoperative tracheal diameter or change in endoscopic tracheal circumference at the tracheostomy site when dogs were compared based on type of tracheotomy. Three dogs with horizontal tracheotomies had evidence of scar (web) within the tracheal lumen 12 weeks after surgery. All vertical tracheotomies had a mild, ventral, triangular deformity. Histologic examination of vertical tracheotomy sites showed complete restoration of the pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Horizontal tracheotomies healed with a single layer of columnar epithelium. Intraluminal scar was composed primarily of loose connective tissue. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, vertical tracheotomy shows more consistent healing compared with horizontal tracheotomy after short-duration tracheostomy. No evidence was found to support the preferential recommendation of horizontal tracheotomy for short-duration tracheostomy airway management.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Metastatic extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon and rectum in a dog.

Stage-3 extramedullary plasmacytoma of the large intestine was diagnosed in an 8-year-old Labrador Retriever. Three primary tumors were located in the colon and rectum, with metastasis to local lymph nodes and the spleen. The disease was associated with a monoclonal serum protein spike identified as IgG. Treatment consisted of surgical excision followed by chemotherapy, using melphalan and prednisone. The dog remained free from clinical signs of disease and adverse effects of the chemotherapy at 9 months. Findings in this dog indicated that extramedullary plasmacytoma may be an aggressive disease, associated with spread to distant sites and monoclonal gammopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Salmonella choleraesuis pneumonia in a cat without signs of gastrointestinal tract disease.

Primary Salmonella choleraesuis pneumonia without enteric manifestations was diagnosed in an 8-year-old cat. The diagnosis was based on culture of the organism from bronchial brushings. Pathogens were not isolated from multiple fecal samples. The cat initially responded to treatment with sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, but relapsed after the owner discontinued treatment because of difficulty in administration. Treatment with ampicillin, followed by amoxicillin, resulted in complete resolution of all pulmonary infiltrates. Possible mechanisms of Salmonella infection in this cat included nosocomial infection from a nonclinical carrier, as well as Salmonella bacteremia initiated during a dental procedure performed prior to the onset of clinical signs of pneumonia.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1993

Effect of preanesthetic medication on ease of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in anesthetized dogs.

The effects of preanesthetic medication on ease of duodenal endoscopic intubation in dogs was evaluated. One of 12 combinations of preanesthetic medications (using atropine, glycopyrrolate, morphine, meperidine, acepromazine, and 0.9% NaCl solution) was administered IM to each of 12 dogs in a trial. Twelve endoscopic trials were performed so that each dog received each treatment combination once. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal administered IV and maintained with halothane vaporized in oxygen. Electrocardiographic recordings, indirect blood pressure measurements, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressures, and halothane concentrations were monitored during the anesthetic period. The ease with which the fiberoptic endoscope was passed into the proximal portion of the duodenum was qualitatively score on the basis of time and maneuvering effort. None of the preanesthetic combinations made intubation of the duodenum significantly easier than that with 0.9% NaCl solution (control). Only the combination of morphine and atropine induced gastro-pyloric conditions that resulted in significantly higher (more difficult) endoscopic scores than those after preanesthetic medication with 0.9% NaCl solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of metoclopramide hydrochloride as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of metoclopramide to aid passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs, and to determine whether the effect of metoclopramide is dependent on dose. In a randomized, blinded, complete-block design, 6 healthy dogs were anesthetized, then each was given saline solution or 1 of 4 doses of metoclopramide on different days. The ease of passage of a flexible, fiberoptic gastroscope through the pylorus was assessed independently by 3 endoscopists. Administration of metoclopramide hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.4 mg/kg of body weight, iv, made passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum significantly (P = 0.009) more difficult than when saline solution was administered; however, dosages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 mg of metoclopramide/kg did not (P = 0.489, 0.842, and 0.092 respectively). It was concluded that metoclopramide did not facilitate, and at one dosage hindered, successful passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of healthy dogs under the conditions of the study. Metoclopramide, therefore, cannot be recommended as an aid for passage of a flexible endoscope into the duodenum of dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of atropine, glucagon, and metoclopramide for facilitation of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in dogs.

Modification of gastroduodenal motility has been proposed to aid endoscopic examination of the duodenum in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the following pharmacologic agents for facilitation of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in 6 clinically normal dogs: metoclopramide HCl (0.2 mg/kg of body weight), atropine sulfate (0.045 mg/kg), glucagon (0.06 mg/kg), and isotonic saline solution. In a randomized, blinded, crossover design, the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation was qualitatively scored by 3 endoscopists (in random order), using the following scale: 1 - immediate entry; 2 - rapid entry--moderate manipulation; 3 - difficult entry--multiple attempts; and 4 - no entry after 2 minutes [corrected]. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with halothane. The 4 agents were diluted to a fixed volume and randomly administered. Duodenal intubation was attempted 2 minutes after IV injection of 1 of the agents. Four endoscopic procedures (1 for each agent) were performed on each dog with a minimum of 5 days between each procedure. In this study, no agent facilitated endoscopic duodenal intubation at the dose used. Instead, atropine and metoclopramide made duodenal intubation significantly more difficult, compared with use of saline solution. Difference between intubation after administration of glucagon and saline solution was not seen. On the basis of our findings, the use of these agents for facilitating endoscopic duodenal intubation is not recommended. In addition, in this study, we found that experience in endoscopic intubation is an important factor in determining the ease of duodenal intubation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparisons between endoscopic and histologic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs and cats: 75 cases (1984-1987).

Observations made during endoscopic evaluation of the stomach, duodenum, and colon of 58 dogs and 17 cats with a history of regurgitation, vomiting, and/or diarrhea were compared with results of histologic examination of tissues obtained during the procedures. Endoscopic observations included normal mucosa, alternations in mucosal color and texture, and luminal masses. Although endoscopy alone is a useful technique for detecting alterations of the gastrointestinal mucosa, histologic assessment of tissues obtained is necessary to confirm either an inflammatory or a neoplastic process.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A grading system for lymphocytic plasmacytic colitis in dogs.

Colonic mucosal samples were obtained every 4 weeks for 13 months from 6 clinically normal dogs and from 47 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. All samples were graded on a scale of 0-5, based upon the quantity of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria, epithelial changes, and the presence of ulcers and erosions. A grade of less than or equal to 2.0 was considered normal and was assigned to 77 of 78 samples from clinically normal dogs and 28 of 48 samples from dogs with diarrhea. A transient increase in cellularity was noted in 1 sample from 1 control dog. Nineteen dogs with clinical disease had obvious histologic abnormalities. The grading scheme described provides the pathologist with an objective criterion for the microscopic evaluation of colonic mucosal samples obtained by endoscopic techniques and offers clinicians a method of assessing the dog's progress and response to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bilateral hydronephrosis attributable to bilateral ureteral fibrosis in a cat.

A 4-year-old castrated male Burmese cat was evaluated because of nonregenerative anemia (PCV, 20%) and was found to have renal failure. Renal ultrasonography revealed bilateral hydronephrosis. Antegrade pyelography of the right kidney failed to indicate obstructive disease. Necropsy and histologic examination of the ureters revealed a markedly stenotic lumen and massive fibrosis of the mucosa. An etiologic agent could not be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Suspected chronic gastric volvulus in a dog with normal gastric emptying of liquids.

A 10-year-old German Shepherd Dog with intermittent eructation, borborygmi, flatulence, abdominal bloating, and vomiting was found to have gastric volvulus. Gastric emptying of liquids (determined with a modified emptying-time technique) was normal. Circumcostal gastropexy vastly reduced clinical signs and resulted in weight gain.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Familial motor neuron disease in Rottweiler dogs: neuropathologic studies.

Two 6-week-old female Rottweiler littermates were evaluated for regurgitation, diminished growth, progressive ataxia, and pelvic limb weakness. Clinical examination indicated a progressive, diffuse, lower motor neuron disorder and megaesophagus. The pups were killed at 6 and 8 weeks of age. Lesions included central chromatolysis and swelling of the perikarya in many large motor neurons in the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord. Some involvement of red, oculomotor, trigeminal motor, and ambiguus nuclei of the brainstem was noted. Ultrastructurally, chromatolytic neurons had excess neurofilaments, and an increase in and enlargement of Golgi complexes. Wallerian-like degeneration was prominent in neuropil of spinal cord and in peripheral nerve. Clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings were consistent with a progressive motor neuron disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Suppurative colitis in a cat.

A young cat with chronic large bowel diarrhea was found to have suppurative colitis. Treatment with sulfasalazine resulted in prompt clinical improvement, although histologic abnormalities persisted. Three months later, the cat was euthanatized because of effusive feline infectious peritonitis. Histologic examination revealed a normal colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gastric emptying of liquids in the dog: effect of volume.

Effect of liquid test meal volume on gastric emptying was investigated in healthy nonoperated dogs fed meal sizes of 6.6 to 110 ml/kg of body weight. For meals less than or equal to 66 ml/kg, the amount of test meal emptied from the stomach in 30 minutes vs meal size could be described as following a linear, exponential, or square root pattern. Deviation from these patterns was seen with test meals of 77, 88, and 110 ml/kg. A mean +/- SEM maximum of 0.99 +/- 0.06 ml/kg/min of liquid test meal was emptied from the stomach of dogs fed test meals of 77, 88, and 110 ml/kg. Massive gastric distension induced in dogs during this study did not alter gastric emptying of the liquid test meal.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Gastric emptying of glucose in the dog.

The 30-minute gastric emptying of test meals consisting of 2.5%, 4%, 7%, 15%, or 25% glucose was evaluated in healthy, nonoperated dogs, using an orogastric intubation technique. An inversely proportional exponential relationship was found between test meal glucose concentration and amount of test meal emptied from the stomach in 30 minutes. For the 7%, 15%, and 25% glucose test meals, a mean (+/- SEM) of 1.11 +/- 0.03 kcal/min emptied into the duodenum, which represented 0.054 +/- 0.004 kcal/min/kg of body weight. Test meals of 2.5% and 4% glucose supplied significantly fewer kcal per minute to the duodenum than did the other 3 meals, indicating that control of gastric emptying of hypotonic glucose meals may be different than that of isotonic or hypertonic test meals in the dog.

Animals↗