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Biomedical subjects

M S Nogueira

Publications and source records attributed to M S Nogueira.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Thermoluminescence response of K2YF5:Tb3+ crystals to photon radiation fields.

This investigation has been performed to test the feasibility of using K2YF5:Tb3+ crystals as thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD). K2YF5 single crystals doped with 0.2, 10.0 and 50.0 at.% of trivalent optically active Tb3+ ions as well as K2TbF5 and undoped K2YF5 crystals have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Polished crystal platelets with thickness of about 1 mm have been irradiated with X and gamma rays in order to study thermoluminescent (TL) sensitivity as well as dose and energy response in terms of the Tb3+ concentration in K2YF5. Within this concentration series, K2YF5 crystals doped with 10.0 at.% Tb3+ have been found to have maximum TL response due to a broad asymmetric TL glow peak at 269 degrees C with good linearity of dose response and reproducibility of dose measurements. After deconvolution, the main dosimetric peak has been revealed to be composed of two individual peaks, both with linear TL response behaviour, centered at 210 and 269 degrees C. As it has been proved, the linear TL signal coefficient for K2Y0.9Tb0.1F5 is almost 10 times greater than that for commercial TLD-100 (LiF:Mg,Ti), irradiated with a 137Cs gamma radiation source at the same conditions. The reported results indicate that K2YF5 crystals doped with Tb3+ have potential as promising materials for radiation dosemeters.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2004

(HP)Ge Measurement of spectra for diagnostic X-ray beams.

The X-ray spectra applied in diagnostic radiology to the energy range between 50 and 125 kVp, were experimentally determined using a high-purity germanium detector, (HP)Ge, coupled to a multichannel analyser. A simple stripping procedure was implemented, according to that described by Seelentag and Panzer, to correct the pulse height distribution and then to determine the photon spectra. The measurements were performed for those conditions where the X-ray beam is transmitted through Pb filters 0.2-0.7 mm thick. It was necessary to estimate the effective dose in the same way that it is done for radiology diagnosis room shielding projects. The spectra were also determined to the X-ray qualities recommended by the IEC for primary diagnostic X-ray and for X-ray beams attenuated by aluminium filters 2.5-42.5 mm thick. The spectra obtained were compared with data derived from the literature presenting good agreement.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

[Communication with the patient. A question of quality].

Interpersonal communication as a means to promote health and well-being is presented as a strategical orientation in the nursing care process. Meanwhile, in our medium, we have observed the development of communication from a perspective much more related to complying with a service. This article has these objectives: a) to investigate this theme by highlighting analytical instruments of interaction found in bibliographical references, b) to disclose the results of research about nurse-patient communication indicators, in the context as a forum for reflection, bearing in mind the quality of treatment. The authors highlight the need to assume a responsibility shared by teaching nurses and assistants, with the goal to constantly seek to develop communicative competence and thus to contribute to a greater efficiency and an improvement in the quality of nursing care.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

[Human sexuality in nursing education].

A questionnaire was applied to undergraduate nursing students in order to verify the ideas on the sexuality theme they had absorbed from the notions they received in their nursing undergraduate program. Results showed that most of these students have slightly, limited and unbased notions concerning human sexuality. They also use the terms sex and sexuality as if they were synonyms. Therefore, authors concluded that these students need to acquire knowledge about sexuality and some professional situations experienced are also mentioned. They also discussed the type of knowledge received and which courses approach it during the program.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

[Therapeutic use of nitric oxide: implications for nursing].

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that transmits signals in the organism. Such signal transmission takes place by means of the gas synthesis and release in different cell types. After it is released, the gas penetrates the membrane of a neighboring cell and regulates its function. Such mechanism represents an entirely new signaling principle in biological systems. The discoverers of NO as a signaling molecule were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1998. This discovery has revolutionized medicine and originated new treatments for old problems. In this study, we review the role of NO in some pathologies such as sepsis, arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension and Nitric Oxide is explained in terms of its current merit for treatment and its impact on nursing care.

Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Effects of a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever.

It has been demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) has a thermoregulatory action, but very little is known about the mechanisms involved. In the present study we determined the effect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibition on thermoregulation. We used 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 1, 10 and 30 mg/kg body weight), a selective nNOS inhibitor, injected intraperitoneally into normothermic Wistar rats (200-250 g) and rats with fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 microg/kg body weight) administration. It has been demonstrated that the effects of 30 mg/kg of 7-NI given intraperitoneally may inhibit 60% of nNOS activity in rats. In all experiments the colonic temperature of awake unrestrained rats was measured over a period of 5 h at 15-min intervals after intraperitoneal injection of 7-NI. We observed that the injection of 30 mg/kg of 7-NI induced a 1.5 degrees C drop in body temperature, which was statistically significant 1 h after injection (P<0.02). The coinjection of LPS and 7-NI was followed by a significant (P<0.02) hypothermia about 0.5 degrees C below baseline. These findings show that an nNOS isoform is required for thermoregulation and participates in the production of fever in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Humanizing nurse-patient communication: a challenge and a commitment.

Nurse-patient communication has been a pre-established, unvarying, technical professional and impersonal form of manifestation, reflecting mainly the achievement of nurse's instrumental role. This situation is opposed to our nursing concept as well as to the professional values that we incorporated during our professional life, all of which emphasize the importance of the person and the patient and the meaning of the visualisation of care to a total human being. The present study aims at discussing this question, propitiating an opportunity of reflection about the necessity of humanizing this relationship in the Brazilian scenery. Thus, we focused on the importance of nurse-patient relationship not only as an essential component of nursing assistance but also as a treatment in itself. In addition, we stimulate nurses to examine the way they are taking care of human beings: as objects to be manipulated and treated or as persons that need care and comprehension. The article is concluded with the thesis that nursing is not a technical profession that manipulates knowledge and technologies but a work of valuing human beings, their freedom and dignity.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

[Experiences of a group of retired elderly: action research].

The present study aims at comprehending the retired people through a group experience as well as allowing them to reflect about their condition. The authors utilized the research-action methodology, with 25 retired subjects who worked in the University, aging from 51 to 79 years old. The narratives related to their experiences were obtained through verbal interaction, group discussions and interviews. From the analysis of the experiences emerged questions associated to the retired-elderly interests, their physical and mental health, relationship, learning process, social environment and leisure.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[A sample of scientific production in southeastern Brazil from 1987-1991].

The study's goal was to investigate the scientific production in Brazil's southeast region during 1987 to 1991 period. To do thal, letters were sent to 15 nursing schools that we had the address or through personal contact with someone from the institutions, asking a list of their scientific production during the period above stated. In order to be included in the study, the article had to meet some criteria that were established as important for a quantitative evaluation and classification. After that, qualitative classification was done by the article's tile using nine categories. The total of publications found were 2237 articles from which, 1585 were from nursing schools in the state of São Paulo, 222 from hospitals in the city of São Paulo, 296 from Federal University of Minas Gerais' School of Nursing and 134 from nursing schools in Rio de Janeiro.

Brazil↗
PubMed1989

[Focusing the administrative exercise within the whole of nursing functions].

Within the hospital context, the nurse cannot avoid the administrative function, even though this is a controversial issue in Brazilian nursing. To focus on the problem, in the present study we set out to identify the set of functions of nurses working on the admission floors and to determine the distribution of administrative functions according to their bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic characteristics. The data were collected at four admission units by intermittent observation of work performed by nurses in 1985. The following set of functions were identified: administration (62.5%), patient assistance (19.2%), teaching and research (3.8%), functions that could be delegated to others (6.8%) and personal (7.6%). The administrative functions were classified into bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic with a respective distribution of 77% and 23%. The study indicates that the administrative function is one of the elements defining the nurse's profile, even though the authors believe that this function should be better oriented.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Performance of nursing students in the intramuscular administration of drugs].

The goal of the present study was to compare the performance of two groups of nursing undergraduate students, submitted to two different teaching methods, in their ability to perform the intramuscular injection on clients needing the procedure. Both, control (CG) and experimental group (EG) (n = 35 each) were submitted to traditional method and instructional method respectively, according to the methodological procedure described by Nogueira (1995). The performance of the students was evaluated by a nurse who had no knowledge of the group each student belong. The nurse used the "check-list" in order to evaluate the performance of student. The results indicate that the time spent by the students of each group was approximately the same i.e. 9.4 min for CG and 9.3 for EG. The students of the control group showed ordinary performance (42.9%), good performance (48.9%) and very good performance (8.5%) whereas those of the EG showed ordinary performance (5.7%), good performance (60%) and very good performance (34.3%). The present results shows that the students are responsible by their own learning, motivating us to use new teaching methods on nursing undergraduate course.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Humanistic approach to nursing communication: the case of a hospitalized adolescent female].

Nursing is a profession committed to the promotion of human beings. It takes into consideration their freedom, uniqueness and dignity. Therefore, communication plays an important role within the nursing process and its results, and it is also a fundamental component of the treatment. However, in the context of Brazilian hospitals, communication between nurses and patients is limited to the performance of these professionals' technical role. The purpose of this study is to analyse the case of a hospitalized female adolescent, focusing on the communication that happens between her and the nursing professionals who provide her assistance. This analysis was based on Bales' categories. Through the technique of direct observation, the behavior resultant from the interaction between nurses and the adolescent was analysed on a total of 30 hours during five days. The observation showed 428 units of interaction which were classified, by qualified professionals, in positive, negative and neutral socio-emotional areas. Considering the high incidence of interactions in the neutral area (89.2%), authors recommend a humanistic correction in the communication during the nursing process. This change in communication can qualify patient's care as well as generate satisfaction at work through empathy and solidarity.

Adolescent↗