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Biomedical subjects

M S Rosenfeld

Publications and source records attributed to M S Rosenfeld.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Occupational disruption and adaptation: a study of house fire victims.

House fires are the most common disasters in our society. Disaster theorists acknowledge that complex daily living problems impede the recovery of victims. However, these problems have not been described in detail. The author conducted a qualitative study of the disruption to daily living routines caused by house fires and of the adaptation process victims undertook to reestablish effective patterns of purposeful activity. The data-gathering methods included observation on the scenes of 15 house or tenement fires and in-depth interviews with members of 10 families displaced by fires. Disruption was found to occur in the victims' use of time and comfort in their personal environment. A data analysis revealed a new process of occupational adaptation. The roles of tasks and activities were determined to be important in recovery.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Impairment of starch absorption by a potent amylase inhibitor.

Many previous investigations of available amylase inhibitors have not been able to demonstrate significant carbohydrate malabsorption. This study uses breath hydrogen analysis, a sensitive method for detecting the passage of starch into the colon, to determine if a potent amylase inhibitor is capable of producing carbohydrate malabsorption. Thirteen volunteers underwent three studies, ingesting as a carbohydrate substrate: lactulose 20 g, spaghetti alone, and spaghetti with amylase inhibitor (3.8 g). Samples of breath were collected (at frequent intervals) for 2 h after the lactulose and for 8 h after the spaghetti meal and analyzed for hydrogen concentration. The ingestion of spaghetti alone resulted in significant increases in breath hydrogen concentration at 420-450 min. The mean (+/- SE) hydrogen excretion rate was increased more than 2-fold with the amylase inhibitor, from 0.4 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.3 ml/h (p less than 0.05). Use of the amylase inhibitor in powder form produced a similar increase in the rate of hydrogen excretion to 1.1 +/- 0.4 ml/h. The percentage of carbohydrate malabsorbed was calculated for the spaghetti meal and spaghetti with amylase inhibitor using each individual's observed hydrogen excretion with lactulose. Over the 8-h observation period, 4.7 +/- 1.9% of the spaghetti was malabsorbed and 7.0 +/- 1.4% of the spaghetti with amylase inhibitor was malabsorbed (p less than 0.05). Measurements of the effect of the amylase inhibitor on amylase activity of duodenal juice revealed that the amylase inhibitor at a concentration of more than 5 mg/ml decreased the amylase activity by more than 96%. These results indicate that this potent amylase inhibitor is capable of enhancing malabsorption of wheat starch.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Crisis intervention: the nuclear task approach.

Failure to perform certain life tasks adequately contributes to crisis development. Occupational therapists frequently treat individuals in crisis. The state of crisis disrupts normal activity patterns, adding to the individual's sense of helplessness and disequilibrium. Activities may play a crucial role in the process of recovery. "Nuclear tasks" are activities that promote adaptive resolution of crisis elements and spur active problem solving on the part of crisis patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

A model for activity intervention in disaster-stricken communities.

Environmental disasters cause deaths, injuries, and destruction of familiar surroundings. Social networks and routines that structure daily life are often left in disarray. To surmount subsequent crises, survivors must master painful feelings, solve problems, and accomplish important tasks, even while they are confused, bereaved, and displaced. Otherwise, coping failure leads to a vicious spiral of loss of self-esteem, distrust of the environment, and abandonment of social roles. Both crisis intervention and disaster literature advocate concrete and practical treatment measures. Activity intervention can prevent and reverse the destructive downward spiral by facilitating victims' most effective coping responses. This paper reviews the pertinent literature and sets forth a theoretical model of occupational therapy in post-disaster settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗