PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M S Stulbarg

Publications and source records attributed to M S Stulbarg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pulmonary hypertension: pulmonary flow quantification and flow profile analysis with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging.

Velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides two-dimensional velocity maps of a cross-sectional area of a vessel. Pulmonary flow and flow patterns in the main pulmonary artery were analyzed with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging and Doppler echocardiography in 10 patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), one patient with a dilated main pulmonary artery, and 10 healthy subjects, and these findings were compared. Peak systolic velocity measured with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging was similar to that measured with Doppler echocardiography in healthy subjects and in patients with PH. Velocity-encoded cine MR imaging demonstrated substantial differences in velocity across the vascular lumen in PH. The flow pattern in healthy subjects was different than that in patients with PH; the latter had lower peak systolic velocity and greater retrograde flow after middle to late systole. The retrograde flow observed in patients with PH reflected hemodynamic events, since it was inversely proportional to pulmonary flow volume and directly proportional to pulmonary resistance and cross-sectional area of the vessel. Velocity-encoded cine MR imaging demonstrates an inhomogeneous flow profile in PH and may serve as a noninvasive method to estimate pulmonary vascular resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Oxygen may improve dyspnea and endurance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and only mild hypoxemia.

Oxygen (O2) has been reported to improve exercise tolerance in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) despite only mild resting hypoxemia (PaO2 greater than 60 mm Hg). To confirm these prior studies and evaluate potential mechanisms of benefit, we measured dyspnea scores by numeric rating scale during cycle ergometry endurance testing and correlated the severity of dyspnea with right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) measured by Doppler echocardiography during a separate supine incremental exercise test. Both sets of exercise were performed according to a randomized double-blind crossover protocol in which patients breathed compressed air or 40% O2. We studied 12 patients with severe COPD (FEV1 0.89 +/- 0.09 L [mean +/- SEM], FEV1/FVC 37 +/- 2%, DLCO 9.8 +/- 1.5 ml/min/mm Hg[47% of predicted], PaO2 71 +/- 2.6 mm Hg). With endurance testing on compressed air, PaO2 did not change significantly in the group as whole (postexercise PaO2 63 +/- 5.1 mm Hg, p = NS), but did fall to less than 55 mm Hg in four patients from this group. Duration of exercise increased on 40% O2 from 10.3 +/- 1.6 to 14.2 +/- 1.5 min (p = 0.005), and the rise in dyspnea scores was delayed. Oxygen delayed the rise in RVSP with incremental exercise in all patients and lowered the mean RVSP at maximum exercise from 71 +/- 8 to 64 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.03). Improvement in duration of exercise correlated with decrease in dyspnea (r2 = 0.66, p = 0.001) but not with decreases in heart rate, minute ventilation, or RVSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMed1990

Pulmonary infiltrates associated with sulindac therapy.

Pulmonary infiltrates, cough, dyspnea, and fever developed in a 62-year-old woman with chronic degenerative arthritis who had been receiving sulindac therapy for six months. Her pulmonary signs and symptoms resolved upon withholding the drug. Inadvertent rechallenge resulted in rapid recurrence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates. This constellation of clinical findings provides strong evidence of isolated pulmonary reactions as a complication of sulindac therapy.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1989

Doppler echocardiography and ultrafast cine computed tomography during dynamic exercise in chronic parenchymal pulmonary disease.

In an effort to better understand the cardiac contribution to exercise limitation in chronic lung disease, 21 patients with advanced chronic pulmonary parenchymal disease and 10 normal control subjects were evaluated for changes in right ventricular (RV) pressure, volume and function during incremental, symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise. Patients underwent sequential exercise tests with Doppler echocardiography and ultrafast cine computed tomography (CT). RV systolic pressure during exercise was determined by saline-enhanced Doppler of tricuspid regurgitation. RV ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume and cardiac index were obtained by CT at rest and peak exercise. Sixteen of the 21 study patients also exercised on high-flow oxygen. In the control subjects RV systolic pressure increased from 21 +/- 6 mm Hg (mean +/- standard deviation) at rest to 32 +/- 8 mm Hg at peak exercise, whereas in patients with lung disease, RV systolic pressure increased from 42 +/- 17 to 81 +/- 26 mm Hg (both p less than 0.01). Compared with the control subjects, the patients with lung disease had significantly lower mean values for RV ejection fraction at rest (47 +/- 7 vs 55 +/- 7%) and at peak exercise (47 +/- 9 vs 57 +/- 3%, respectively, both p less than 0.05). The patients who demonstrated oxyhemoglobin desaturation during exercise showed the most abnormal cardiac responses, with marked increases in mean RV systolic pressure, decreases in mean RV ejection fraction and blunted increases in cardiac index and RV stroke volume. Although acute oxygen supplementation was associated with a slight decrease in RV systolic pressure at peak exercise and a longer duration of exercise, there was no significant improvement in RV function. Doppler echocardiography and CT provide complementary and potentially useful information about right-sided heart pressures and RV ejection fraction during exercise in patients with advanced chronic lung disease. Oxyhemoglobin desaturation during exercise is a marker for the most abnormal pulmonary vascular reserve, as indicated by RV contractile dysfunction and limited ability to increase cardiac index.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Bilateral carotid body resection for the relief of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physiologic and clinical observations in three patients.

For many patients with advanced chronic airflow limitation (COPD) the treatment of dyspnea remains inadequate despite medications, rehabilitation programs, and supplemental oxygen. Bilateral carotid body resection (BCBR) is a controversial operation which has been reported anecdotally to relieve dyspnea in such patients, but its risks and long-term effects are not known. We studied pulmonary function and the ventilatory response to exercise of three severely dyspneic COPD patients who had chosen independently and without our knowledge to undergo this operation. All three patients reported improvement in dyspnea following BCBR despite the absence of improvement in their severe airflow limitation (mean FEV1 = 0.71 L before and 0.67 L after BCBR). The three patients died 6, 18 and 36 months after the removal of their carotid bodies, still convinced of the efficacy of their surgery. Their reported relief of dyspnea was associated with substantial decreases in minute ventilation and deterioration in arterial blood gases. Arterial blood gases worsened both at rest (PO2 fell from 57 to 45 mm Hg; PCO2 rose from 45 to 57 mm Hg) and during identical steady state exercise (at peak exercise, PO2 fell from 46 to 37 mm Hg and PCO2 rose from 50 to 61 mm Hg) postoperatively. Total minute ventilation decreased postoperatively both at rest (-3.4 L/min, -25 percent) and with exercise (-9.4 L/min, -39 percent) primarily because of decreases in respiratory rate (from 21 to 16 breaths/min at rest and from 25 to 18 breaths/min with exercise), and this was associated with decreases in both oxygen uptake (-26 percent) and carbon dioxide production (-22 percent) for the same external exercise workload. Whether the reported improvement in dyspnea was due to decrease in ventilation resulting from decrease in respiratory drive, a surgical placebo effect or some other unestablished effect of removal of the carotid bodies deserves further study.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Constrictive pericarditis presenting as pleural effusion of unknown origin.

Despite the known association of pleural effusion with constrictive pericarditis, the presentation of constrictive pericarditis as pleural effusion of unknown origin has, to our knowledge, never been described. After evaluating such a case, we retrospectively analyzed all cases of established constrictive pericarditis seen in this institution in the last six years. The clinical and laboratory features of this cohort of 30 patients are similar to those of other reported series. Pleural effusion was present in 18 (60%) of 30 cases. In six (12%) of the 18 cases, pleural effusion was a major component of the clinical presentation, and in three (10%) of these six cases, the persistence of pleural effusion of unknown origin was the indication for referral to this institution. Analysis of pleural fluid in four cases revealed three exudates and one transudate. We believe this is the first report of unexplained pleural effusion as the presenting manifestation of constrictive pericarditis, and this diagnosis should be added to the list of causes of unexplained pleural effusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spacer devices.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

Bronchoalveolar lavage as the exclusive diagnostic modality for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A prospective study among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Because retrospective studies suggested that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared favorably to lung biopsy in the diagnosis of PCP, we prospectively evaluated the utility of BAL in 40 consecutive patients with AIDS or risk of AIDS who presented with respiratory complaints. The BAL revealed P carinii in 36 of 42 episodes of pneumonia (86 percent) among 40 patients. Clinical follow-up of the six patients whose BAL was negative for PCP suggested only one possible false negative BAL for PCP. Therefore, BAL detected PCP in 36 of 37 patients for a sensitivity of 97 percent. BAL detected cytomegalovirus in 15 of 38 patients, as well as Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Cryptococcus (each in one patient). By virtue of accuracy and lack of morbidity demonstrated in our study, BAL should supplant lung biopsy techniques in the evaluation of AIDS patients with pulmonary symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Helium-oxygen gas therapy. Use and availability for the emergency treatment of inoperable airway obstruction.

Inoperable obstruction of the upper airway due to extrinsic malignancy may present as respiratory failure. We treated such a patient for 48 hours with 80 percent: 20 percent helium-oxygen delivered by a nonrebreathing mask while chemotherapy and radiation therapy reduced the tumor size. The need for intubation, mechanical ventilation, and high risk surgical intervention was avoided through the use of this gas therapy. We then surveyed San Francisco Bay area hospitals and found that fewer than one half could provide this potentially lifesaving gas therapy in an emergency situation. Physiologic basis of helium-oxygen gas therapy is reviewed and recommendations made for its use and availability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia radiographically simulating tuberculosis.

Eight immunocompromised patients presented with upper lobe infiltrates that radiographically simulated tuberculosis. Bilateral lobar consolidation was present in 5, and apical or posterior segmental consolidation was present in 3. Pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 7 patients from material obtained at bronchoscopy after sputum stained for mycobacteria had been negative. In the eighth patient, sputum submitted for cytologic evaluation demonstrated P. carinii. The 7 patients surviving this episode of pneumonia responded clinically and radiographically to specific therapy directed against P. carinii. Predominant upper lobe involvement has not been previously emphasized as a pattern of P. carinii pneumonia but should be considered in immunocompromised patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing lung infection was determined in 276 fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations done on 171 patients with known or suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Of 173 pathogens (Pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Cryptococcus neoformans, M. tuberculosis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum) identified during the initial evaluation or in the subsequent month, the initial bronchoscopic examination detected 166 (96%). Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy had sensitivities of 86% and 87%, respectively. When bronchoscopy included both bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy, the yield for all pathogens was 98% and the sensitivity for P. carinii infections was 100%. Follow-up for at least 3 weeks after examination failed to detect any additional false-negative results. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is extremely accurate for the detection of pathogens in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, especially when bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy are combined. In patients at high risk of complications from transbronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage is sufficiently accurate to be used alone.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗