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M S Trautman

Publications and source records attributed to M S Trautman.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Lack of significant person-to-person spread of swine influenza-like virus following fatal infection in an immunocompromised child.

In February 1982, a four-year-old Nevada girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission was hospitalized with fulminant pneumonia and died eight days later at a hospital in California. An influenza virus was the only pathogen detected, and was present in both antemortem and postmortem specimens. The virus was closely related antigenically to A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) and had a genome very similar to a contemporary enzootic swine influenza virus. The patient had had no known contact with swine, and the source of infection could not be determined. Only five possible secondary cases could be detected by retrospective investigation of 62 contacts, and there was no evidence of spread to the general community. Swine influenza viruses circulate among pigs in the United States annually, and it is likely that sporadic transmissions to humans will continue to be detected. Nevertheless, person-to-person spread under these circumstances appears to be limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanism of interleukin-1 beta stimulation of human amnion prostaglandin biosynthesis: mediation via a novel inducible cyclooxygenase.

We have evaluated the mechanism by which interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) increases amnion cell PGE2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. IL-1 beta-stimulated amnion cell PGE2 biosynthesis was time-dependent, and significant stimulation occurred within 2 h of incubation. IL-1 beta stimulation occurred in the presence of added arachidonic acid but was abrogated by treatment with cycloheximide and actinomycin D. Amnion cells treated with IL-1 beta recovered rapidly from aspirin pretreatment suggesting an action on fatty acid cyclooxygenase (COX). Increased amounts of COX protein were demonstrated by Western blot analysis within 2 h of IL-1 beta treatment of amnion cells. Northern blot analysis using a probe specific for a novel form of COX (COX-II) showed an increase in mRNA for this COX within 30 min. This finding using a homologous detection system and human cells of fetal origin in primary culture provides strong support for a physiological role for COX-II in man.

Amnion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renin stimulates decidual prostaglandin production via a novel mechanism that is independent of angiotensin II formation.

Renin is a proteolytic enzyme that has been considered to have only one function which is to cleave angiotensinogen between the 10th and 11th amino acids to form angiotensin-1. This is then converted to angiotensin-II, a potent vasoconstrictor, antinatriuretic and antidiuretic by angiotensin-converting enzyme. We have investigated the action of renin to stimulate prostaglandin production by decidual cells and in so doing have generated data that challenge the prevailing dogma. Renin stimulates decidual prostaglandin production in a concentration-related fashion that is unaffected by saralasin treatment. This stimulatory action of renin is enhanced rather than reduced by arachidonic acid treatment but abolished by treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Renin caused a more rapid recovery of decidual prostaglandin biosynthesis from acetylsalicylic acid treatment than did control media. Moreover, renin treatment of both decidual and amnion cells induced increased levels of PGHS-2 within 2 h. Collectively, these results indicate that renin can act directly, separately from the generation of angiotensin-I and II. In this case renin can induce PGHS expression.

Amnion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammatory cytokine mRNA in human gestational tissues: implications for term and preterm labor.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if inflammatory cytokine mRNA in gestational tissues is present only in the setting of infection-associated preterm labor or under several other clinical conditions. METHODS: Human gestational tissues were collected from 51 women experiencing 1) term cesarean delivery without labor, 2) normal term vaginal delivery, 3) preterm cesarean delivery without labor, 4) preterm vaginal delivery without chorioamnionitis, and 5) preterm vaginal delivery with concomitant chorioamnionitis. Decidua, chorion, and amnion were isolated, total RNA from each tissue was extracted, and the presence of inflammatory cytokine mRNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was detected using specific oligonucleotide primers. RESULTS: Interleukin-1 beta mRNA was rarely found in tissues preterm without labor but was readily detected in both maternal and fetal tissues after labor, regardless of gestational age. Interleukin-6 mRNA was rare in tissues from the nonlaboring patient but was found in almost all tissues after labor. Interleukin-8 mRNA was detected in all tissues at term, both in nonlaboring and laboring patients. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA was detected in only 20-50% of tissues after labor, and was rarely detected in the absence of labor. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory cytokine mRNA is commonly expressed in human gestational tissues after normal labor and preterm labor with or without associated intrauterine infection. There was no difference in the pattern of expression of mRNA inflammatory cytokine in women who did or did not have clinically evident intrauterine infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of interleukin-10 in human gestational tissues.

OBJECTIVE: To determine production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in cultured decidual, chorion, and amnion cells and whether IL-10 is produced in gestational tissues under the setting of infection-associated preterm labor. METHODS: Decidual, chorion, and amnion cells were isolated from term placentas and grown in primary culture. The cells were incubated with various concentrations of IL-1 beta and then culture supernatants were assayed for IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In subsequent studies, gestational membranes were isolated from a normal-term pregnancy and a preterm pregnancy complicated by chorioamnionitis. Tissues were evaluated for IL-10 expression by immunohistology and in situ hybridization. Human gestational tissues were collected from 38 women experiencing: 1) term cesarean delivery without labor; 2) normal-term vaginal delivery; 3) preterm cesarean delivery without labor; 4) preterm vaginal delivery without chorioamnionitis; and 5) preterm vaginal delivery with concomitant chorioamnionitis. Amnion, chorion, and decidua were isolated, total RNA from each tissue was extracted, and the presence of IL-10 mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Decidual cells in culture produced IL-10 in response to IL-1 beta, but chorion and amnion cells produced no IL-10 protein. In vivo protein expression by immunohistology showed that most protein was detected within decidua while cells within amnion and chorion rarely had detectable IL-10 protein. In vivo RT-PCR samples demonstrated the strongest IL-10 mRNA signal from decidua samples, although IL-10 mRNA was also noted in chorion and amnion of placentas obtained after preterm labor. CONCLUSION: Maternal decidual cells can potentially produce IL-10, but fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) appear to have limited capabilities to produce IL-10. The relative inability of fetal tissues to produce IL-10 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of infection-associated preterm labor.

Amnion↗