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Biomedical subjects

M S Turner

Publications and source records attributed to M S Turner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Big-bang nucleosynthesis and the baryon density of the universe.

For almost 30 years, the predictions of big-bang nucleosynthesis have been used to test the big-bang model to within a fraction of a second of the bang. The agreement between the predicted and observed abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 confirms the standard cosmology model and allows accurate determination of the baryon density, between 1.7 x 10(-31) and 4.1 x 10(-31) grams per cubic centimeter (corresponding to about 1 to 15 percent of the critical density). This measurement of the density of ordinary matter is pivotal to the establishment of two dark-matter problems: (i) most of the baryons are dark, and (ii) if the total mass density is greater than about 15 percent of the critical density, as many determinations indicate, the bulk of the dark matter must be "non-baryonic," composed of elementary particles left from the earliest moments.

Astronomical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

The treatment of hydrocephalus: a brief guide to shunt selection.

The placement of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt system is a procedure that most neurosurgeons feel comfortable performing. The procedure is fraught with many pitfalls and the choices of equipment are staggering. We review the recent literature on shunt systems. We describe the newer shunt systems and procedures and identify possible roles for them in shunt procedures by the neurosurgeon in practice.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1995

Transtibial amputation using a medially based flap.

A technique is described which allows salvage of the knee joint in dysvascular patients who have marginal skin viability at below-knee level and who would otherwise require an above-knee amputation. The rationale for this technique is based on the vascular assessment which shows that there is frequently a significant medical to lateral skin blood flow gradient below the knee. Thus, a flap based on the more vascular medial skin is advocated. In 27 out of 34 'at risk' patients treated by the technique, the knee joint was successfully salvaged allowing early prosthetic fitting and mobilization.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The association between tibial torsion and knee joint pathology.

To study the association of tibial torsion with knee joint pathology, measurements have been made using a simple tropometer suitable for use in an outpatient clinic. Patient measurements in 11 diagnostic groups were compared with a control group. Two groups differed significantly from the controls. Those patients with patellofemoral instability had greater than normal external tibial torsion, whereas patients with pan-articular osteoarthrosis of the knee had reduced external torsion or true internal torsion. Abnormal torsion causes a gait adaptation, thus affecting external loading on the knee joint, which in turn may lead to osteoarthrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dark matter: theoretical perspectives.

I both review and make the case for the current theoretical prejudice: a flat Universe whose dominant constituent is nonbaryonic dark matter, emphasizing that this is still a prejudice and not yet fact. The theoretical motivation for nonbaryonic dark matter is discussed in the context of current elementary-particle theory, stressing that (i) there are no dark-matter candidates within the "standard model" of particle physics, (ii) there are several compelling candidates within attractive extensions of the standard model of particle physics, and (iii) the motivation for these compelling candidates comes first and foremost from particle physics. The dark-matter problem is now a pressing issue in both cosmology and particle physics, and the detection of particle dark matter would provide evidence for "new physics." The compelling candidates are a very light axion (10(-6)-10(-4) eV), a light neutrino (20-90 eV), and a heavy neutralino (10 GeV-2 TeV). The production of these particles in the early Universe and the prospects for their detection are also discussed. I briefly mention more exotic possibilities for the dark matter, including a nonzero cosmological constant, superheavy magnetic monopoles, and decaying neutrinos.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy with older adults: perspectives from a nurse psychotherapist.

This report reviews both historical and current literature pertaining to individual psychodynamic psychotherapy with older adults. Demographic projections for significant increases in the geriatric population are presented and linked with implications for mental health. Barriers to geriatric psychotherapy are examined, and themes common among older persons are identified. Benefits of psychotherapy to patients and psychotherapists are summarized. Literature on adult developmental theory is explored. Unique aspects of gender issues, transference, countertransference, and termination as described in the literature are presented. Implications for nursing practice include a recommendation for increased nursing efforts in the areas of practice, research, and theory building.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Psychological, hormonal and biochemical changes following carbohydrate bingeing: a placebo controlled study in bulimia nervosa and matched controls.

The responses of thirteen patients with bulimia nervosa and sixteen controls matched for age and weight are described following the ingestion of a carbohydrate and a calorie-free placebo mixture in simulated binges. Psychological, hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured before and at 15 minute intervals for two hours after the simulated binge. At baseline, the bulimics were clearly more symptomatic than the controls. The control population showed a specific satiating effect of carbohydrate upon hunger ratings. Bulimic patients responded differently showing a blunting of the normal sensation of hunger and an enhanced rating for nausea. Prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and cortisol failed to show a carbohydrate-mediated stimulation in either population. The bulimic patients showed a different pattern of GH release, but this was independent of the challenge condition. Large neutral amino acid (LNAA) levels fell following carbohydrate ingestion, but produced an increase of up to 20% in the tryptophan: LNAA ratio in both bulimic patients and the control group. Thus, while this increase in tryptophan availability failed to provoke hormone release, the time course of the carbohydrate specific effect on the sensations of hunger and nausea is compatible with a mechanism based on increased tryptophan availability. The confusion of satiety with nausea may provide a useful focus for the future treatment of patients with bulimia nervosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A long-term follow-up study of total meniscectomy in children.

The long-term effects of single meniscectomy in 89 children have been analyzed at an average of 16.8 years after surgery. Seventy-four percent were pleased with the outcome, but only 52% or 58% had objectively satisfactory results according to the two scoring systems used. Significantly poorer results were achieved with lateral meniscectomies. The range of movement was significantly decreased after lateral meniscectomy. Minor instabilities were recorded in 45% of the patients and major instabilities in 15%. Anteroposterior and rotatory instabilities were objectively measured, and a significant increase was noted in knees that had lateral meniscectomy. Grade I gonarthrosis was recorded in 39% of the surgically treated knees and Grades II and III gonarthroses in 9%. The joint space was significantly reduced in all knees irrespective of the injured compartment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pigmented Bowen's disease and review of 420 Bowen's disease lesions.

Pigmented Bowen's disease is rare. We report an unusual case of pigmented Bowen's disease of the ring finger, which clinically presented as a superficial, spreading melanoma. Records of 420 lesions of Bowen's disease were reviewed; 7 lesions (1.67%) were pigmented and all occurred outside the anogenital area. We conclude that Bowen's disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Custom moulded plastic spinal orthoses.

A review of fifty patients with wide ranging clinical conditions who had been fitted with one-piece moulded plastic spinal orthoses was carried out to determine prescription criteria for these orthoses. The review showed that patients with scoliosis (idiopathic and paralytic), kyphoscoliosis, as well as a selected number of patients with low back pain derive benefit. Patients with kyphosis and localized vertebral body disease are unlikely to gain benefit since they commonly cannot tolerate the excessive skin pressures which occur as a consequence of the corrective and distractive forces applied by the devices.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1984

Specificity of the actinomycin-D-sensitive function of some RNA plant viruses.

The actinomycin-D(AMD)-sensitive step of replication of three plant viruses - cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), cowpea mosaic virus, and the cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus - in cowpea was specific for each virus. Different combinations of the viruses were examined in which leaves were inoculated with one virus and incubated for 48 h until multiplication was almost resistant to AMD. At that time, the same leaves were inoculated with a different virus and the ability of AMD to inhibit multiplication of the second virus was determined at intervals afterwards. In all combinations tested, the first virus had no effect on the sensitivity of the second virus to AMD. Also, resistance to AMD, which appeared to spread from cell to cell in advance of the virus in mechanically inoculated leaves, did not spread appreciably faster than CCMV into systemically infected upper leaves.

Dactinomycin↗