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Biomedical subjects

M SCHAEFFER

Publications and source records attributed to M SCHAEFFER.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1959

Human antirabies gamma globulin.

To obviate the foreign protein reactions experienced with the use of hyperimmune serum in rabies-exposed individuals, an attempt was made to produce a rabies antiserum of human origin.Five doses of an inactivated rabies virus duck-egg vaccine were administered to 34 volunteers at 4-day intervals (i.e., on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16). An additional dose of chick-embryo attenuated virus vaccine-Flury HEP (high egg passage)-was given on the 46th day, followed by a final booster dose of duck-egg vaccine on the 288th day. Twenty-four days later, i.e., on the 312th day after the first dose, the participants were bled and the serum pooled and converted to gamma globulin.These volunteers, having no initial antibody, responded with variable titres, the pooled serum having a titre of 1: 100 against 50 LD(50) of rabies virus in neutralization tests and the gamma globulin prepared from this pool a titre of 1: 300.In five individuals inoculated with the antirabies gamma globulin, blood samples tested at intervals for residual antibody showed significant titres through 21 days.While the passive antibody levels resulting from the administration of a more potent immune horse serum were much higher than those achieved by the weaker human antirabies gamma globulin used, the decrease in titre was more gradual with the human globulin. With more booster inoculations in a larger group of human volunteers, it is believed that a human rabies immune gamma globulin could be produced which would be equal in effect to immune horse serum. The advantages of a human source of antibody in rabies prophylaxis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1957

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons. II.

Further studies were made on groups of adult humans, previously unexposed to rabies and with no history of rabies vaccination, who were inoculated with different schedules of phenolized inactivated vaccine given subcutaneously and high egg passage (HEP) Flury strain vaccine given intradermally, with and without inoculation of antirabies serum. Serum specimens of the inoculated individuals were studied for antibody up to the 60th day after the first inoculation of the vaccines and serum. Studies were also made on the effect of "booster" doses of HEP Flury strain vaccine given 6 months after preparatory inoculations. The results can be summarized as follows:1. Fourteen daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine produced a superior antibody response to that obtained with 3 inoculations given 5 days apart.2. Three intradermal inoculations of HEP Flury vaccine given 5 days apart gave a low level of antibody response, but these individuals responded efficiently by producing antibody to a "booster" dose of the same vaccine given 6 months later.3. Administration of phenolized vaccine or of HEP Flury vaccine alone did not produce detectable antibody in most individuals until between the 10th and the 15th day after the first inoculation of the vaccine.4. Passive antibody following inoculation of antirabies serum persisted in some individuals for as long as 42 days. Two inoculations of serum administered 5 days apart did not give levels of antibody higher than those obtained with one inoculation.5. One inoculation of serum completely suppressed antibody response to 3 inoculations of Flury vaccine given intradermally 5 days apart, and also prevented the preparation of the individuals to respond to a later "booster" dose of this vaccine.6. Three inoculation of phenolized vaccine given 5 days apart acted efficiently in producing antibody by the 60th day. However, the interfering action of one and two inoculations of serum was clearly defined in this schedule.7. One inoculation of serum had no suppressive effect on the active antibody response to 14 daily doses of phenolized vaccine; two doses of serum given in the same combination definitely interfered with the production of an active antibody response.

Adult↗
PubMed1956

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons.

Groups of adult humans, previously unexposed to rabies and with no history of rabies vaccination, were inoculated with different schedules of phenolized inactivated vaccine and Flury strain chicken-embryo vaccine, with or without one inoculation of hyperimmune serum. Serum specimens of the inoculated individuals were studied for antibody up to the 28th day following the first inoculation of the vaccines and serum. The results can be summarized as follows:1. Passive antibody appeared in the blood-stream within one day following inoculation of hyperimmune serum. The antibody persisted at a good level for at least 10 days, but dropped slightly by the 14th day and was present in most individuals at the 21st day.2. There was a tendency for the antibody levels at 21 and 28 days to be lower in the phenolized vaccine plus antiserum groups than in those groups which received phenolized vaccine alone.3. Seven or 12 daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine alone produced antibody in most instances by the 10th day and persisted generally through the 28th day.4. Daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine produced a superior antibody response to that derived from the same total amount of vaccine given as a single inoculation.5. A single inoculation intramuscularly of Flury strain chicken-embryo vaccine of high egg-passage did not produce detectable antibody.6. The group which received hyperimmune serum followed by 12 daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine showed early and persistent antibody throughout the entire period of test. The antibody levels were comparable to those recently observed in man treated effectively with antiserum-vaccine combination after severe exposure to rabies.(9)

Adult↗